• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.193-204
• /
• 2014

The aims of this study were to examine whether the preschool children's temperament predicted their emotion regulation in different situations. The participants in this study were 148 3-and 5-year-old children recruited from five child-care centers located in a middle-income region of Seoul. Statistical methods used for the data analysis were the frequencies, means, standard deviations, Pearson correlation, multiple regression. The major findings were as follows. The children's temperament contributed to individual differences in emotion regulation. The 3-year-olds' negative affectivity and surgency significantly predicted their mothers' ratings of the children's emotion regulation in everyday situations. The 5-year-olds' effortful control significantly predicted their teachers' ratings of the children's emotion regulation in everyday situations. In addition, the 5-year-olds' negative affectivity, effortful control, and surgency predicted the mothers' ratings of their children's emotion regulation. These results suggest that children's temperament are contributors to the development of their emotion regulation.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.11 no.6
• /
• pp.153-175
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to find out the current status of smart phone usage, differences of developmental characteristics and time diaries between high- and low- usage groups. The study also tried predicting variables among children's personal and family environment factors in order to classify four year old children in the fifth year Panel Study on Korean Children into the two groups. Data was collected from 435 smart phone users and 157 of them who had started to use a phone before age 3.Frequency analysis, t-test and logistic regression were performed. The results showed that most 4 year old children started to use a phone in their fourth year and used it frequently. The low level groups of girls and all participants showed lower levels of behavior problems, and the low level group of all participants had a longer sleep times than the high level group had. Children's activity and social temperament were identified as predicting variables for classifying children into the two groups. The results suggested the necessity of measures preventing children from excessive smart phone usage in their early years and to consider children's temperament first.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.41-58
• /
• 2018

Objective: The goal of this study is to research how mother's literacy interaction influences children's interest in vocabulary and reading. Methods: The research subjects selected were 120 children who were three to four-year-old and their mothers. This study conducted questionnaires about the literacy interaction of the mothers. This study also surveyed vocabulary and interest in reading of the children by directly visiting the institutes and by researching the subjects individually. This study used technical statistics, Person's product-moment correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis in order to analyze the collected data. Results: The results of this study are summarized and concluded as follows. First, open interaction among the sub-areas of a mother's literacy interaction significantly affected children's vocabulary. Second, a mother's literacy interaction with children had no direct impact on the child's interest in reading. Conclusion/Implications: The mother's literacy interaction could have a correlation with the vocabulary development of three to four-year-old children, and a mother's application of open interaction could significantly influence the receptive vocabulary and expressive vocabulary of children.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2012

Korean alveolar fricatives are late-developing speech sounds. Most previous research on phonemes used individual words or pseudo words to produce sounds, but word-level phonological analysis does not always reflect a child's practical articulation ability. Also, there has been limited research on articulation development looking at speech production by grammatical morphemes despite its importance in Korean language. Therefore, this research examines the articulation development and phonological patterns of the /s/ phoneme in terms of morphological types produced in children's spontaneous conversational speech. The subjects were twenty-two typically developing 3- and 4-year-old Koreans. All children showed normal levels in three screening tests: hearing, vocabulary, and articulation. Spontaneous conversational samples were recorded at the children's homes. The results are as follows. The error rates decreased with increasing age in all morphological contexts. Also, error percentages within an age group were significantly lower in lexical morphemes than in grammatical morphemes. The stopping of fricative sounds was the main error pattern in all morphological contexts and reduced as age increased. This research shows that articulation performance can differ significantly by morphological contexts. The present study provides data that can be used to identify the difficult context for articulatory evaluation and therapy of alveolar fricative sounds.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.63-68
• /
• 2017

Gaucher disease (GD) is caused by the deficiency of glucocerebrosidase. In pediatric patients with GD, especially Type I GD, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) can reduce the hepatosplenomegaly and improve the hematologic finding and growth velocity. Herein, we report a 2-year-old girl with Type I GD presented with hepatosplenomegaly, bone pain and growth retardation. A 2 year-old-girl was referred to our hospital due to severe hepatosplenomegaly and growth retardation. She suffered from both leg pain and chronic fatigue. Simple x-ray showed widened distal long bones like that of an 'Erlenmeyer flask' which is associated with GD. The laboratory test showed anemia and thrombocytopenia. The enzyme activity was markedly reduced and the direct sequencing of the GBA gene showed the compound heterozygous mutations, p.G46E and p.L444P. As the G46E have been considered as the protective gene against neuronopathic genotype, we could assess the Type I GD in this patient. After one year of ERT, the growth velocity became 11 cm per year. Bone pain and fatigue disappeared. The volume of liver and spleen was reduced from $683cm^3$ and $703cm^3$ to $590cm^3$ and $235cm^3$, respectively. Although GD is an extremely rare disease in Korea, growth retardation and bone pain in children are the important signs which lead to early detection of GD and a simple radiologic finding is helpful to assess the GD at outpatient clinic. We highlight that the early diagnosis and early ERT is important for good growth and outcome for pediatric patients with GD.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 1978

The author studied occlusion in the primary dentition of 3~5 year old children and the materials for the present study comprised plaster model of 266 children in Seoul. The results were as followings; 1) In sagittal canine relationship, 63.9%(170 children) showed class 1 pattern, 2.3%(6 children) showed class 2 pattern, 21%(56 children) showed class 3 pattern and 12.8%(34 children) showed a different canine relationship in each side. 2) In sagittal molar relationship, 44.3% 118 children) showed class 1 pattern, 6.1%(16 children) showed class 2 pattern, 32.3%(86 children) showed class 3 pattern and 17.3%(46 children) showed a different molar relationship in each side. 3) In overjet, 87.8%(234 children) showed under 2mm. 4) 5.3%(14 children) showed crossbite and 4.6%(12 children) showed scissors-bite. 5) 21.8%(58 children) showed midline deviation. 6) Primate space was coincided with more common position of interdental space.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.285-300
• /
• 2006

Social skills and behavior problems of 90 4- and 5-year-old children were analyzed by children's negative emotionality(sadness, anger, and fear). The instrument for measurement of social skills(cooperation, self-control, assertion, and responsibility) was the Preschool Level of the Korean Version of the Social Skills Rating System(Suh, Mee-Ock, 2004). Measures of behavior problems included internalizing(anxiety, immaturity, withdrawal, physical symptoms) and externalizing(hyperactivity, aggression) problems. Results showed that girls were higher in negative emotionality(sadness) than boys, and 5-year-olds were higher in social skills than 4-year-olds. Children with lower levels of negative emotionality were higher in social skills and lower in behavior problems than children with higher levels of negative emotionality.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.289-300
• /
• 2013

The aims of this study are to investigate the differences of the preschoolers' executive function and verbal ability according to their age, and to identify whether the preschoolers' executive function is related to their verbal ability. The participants in this study are 151 children, ages 3-and 5-years old from five child-care centers located in a middle-income region of Seoul. Statistical methods used for the data analysis are the frequencies, means, standard deviations, an independent t-test, and Pearson correlation. The major findings are as follows. First, an age difference is found for children's executive function. The 5-year-olds are more likely to succeed on tasks of executive function than the 3-year-olds. Also, age difference is found for children's verbal ability. The 5-year-olds perform better on tests of verbal ability than the 3-year-olds. Last, the 3-year-olds' and 5-year-olds' executive function is related to their verbal ability. Inhibition and cognitive flexibility are significantly correlated with verbal ability. These results suggest that preschoolers' executive function and verbal ability develop during preschool age. These results also suggest that preschoolers' executive function is related to their verbal ability.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.205-209
• /
• 1975

Ginseng, Vitamin, and both were given to six-year-old children for three months to know effects of the drugs on the physical growth of the children. 1. Frequency of children's sickness was in order of vitamin plus ginseng, ginseng, vitamin alone and control groups. 2. Height, circumference of chest and weight of children were increased in order of vitamin plus ginseng, ginseng, vitamin, and control groups. 3. Ginseng, as compared with vitamin increased the children's growth, especially their weight and the circumference of chest.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.133-139
• /
• 2024

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of robot play linked to environmental picture books on the Environmentally Friendly attitudes of 5-year-old children. For this purpose, 24 5-year-old children from Seoul Y Kindergarten and 20 5-year-old children from E Kindergarten were selected as comparison subjects. In order to examine the differences between the groups, the experimental group performed 'Robot Play Linked to Environmental Picture Books' and the comparative group performed 'Free Play After Appreciating Environmental Picture Books'. The collected data were analyzed through independent sample t-test, which compares the average between the two groups using SPSS 29.0 statistical program. As a result of the study, there was a significant difference in all sub-areas of children's environment-friendly attitude(nature-friendly attitude, environmental preservation attitude), and these findings are meaningful as a basis for the direction of new environmental education of play-centered early childhood environmental education based on the value of new play media support called robot.