• Title/Summary/Keyword: 24-bit

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Algebraic Accuracy Verification for Division-by-Convergence based 24-bit Floating-point Divider Complying with OpenGL (Division-by-Convergence 방식을 사용하는 24-비트 부동소수점 제산기에 대한 OpenGL 정확도의 대수적 검증)

  • Yoo, Sehoon;Lee, Jungwoo;Kim, Kichul
    • Journal of IKEEE
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.346-351
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    • 2013
  • Low-cost and low-power are important requirements in mobile systems. Thus, when a floating-point arithmetic unit is needed, 24-bit floating-point format can be more useful than 32-bit floating-point format. However, a 24-bit floating-point arithmetic unit can be risky because it usually has lower accuracy than a 32-bit floating-point arithmetic unit. Consecutive floating-point operations are performed in 3D graphic processors. In this case, the verification of the floating-point operation accuracy is important. Among 3D graphic arithmetic operations, the floating-point division is one of the most difficult operations to satisfy the accuracy of $10^{-5}$ which is the required accuracy in OpenGL ES 3.0. No 24-bit floating-point divider, whose accuracy is algebraically verified, has been reported. In this paper, a 24-bit floating-point divider is analyzed and it is algebraically verified that its accuracy satisfies the OpenGL requirement.

A Study on High Precision and High Stability Digital Magnet Power Supply Using Second Order Delta-Sigma modulation (2차 델타 시그마 변조기법을 이용한 고 정밀 및 고 안정 디지털 전자석 전원 장치에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Kum-Su;Jang, Kil-Jin;Kim, Dong-Hee
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.69-80
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    • 2015
  • This paper is writing about developing magnet power supply. It is very important for power supply to obtain output current in high precision and high stability. As a switching noise and a power noise are the cause of disrupting the stability of output current, to remove these at the front end, low pass filter with 300Hz cutoff frequency is designed and placed. And also to minimize switching noise of the current into magnet and to stop abrupt fluctuations, output filter should be designed, when doing this, we design it by considering load has high value inductance. As power supply demands the stability of less than 5ppm, high precision 24bit(300nV/bit) analog digital converter is needed. As resolving power of 24bit(300nV/bit) analog digital converter is high, it is also very important to design the input stage of analog digital converter. To remove input noise, 4th order low pass filter is composed. Due to the limitation of clock, to minimize quantization error between 15bit DPWM and output of ADC having 24bit resolving power, ${\Sigma}-{\Delta}$ modulation is used and bit contracted DPWM is constituted. And before implementing, to maximize efficiency, simulink is used.

A Design of 24-bit Floating Point MAC Unit for Transformation of 3D Graphics (3차원 그래픽의 트랜스포메이션을 위한 24-bit 부동 소수점 MAC 연산기의 설계)

  • Lee, Jungwoo;Kim, Woojin;Kim, Kichul
    • IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2009
  • This paper proposes a 24-bit floating point multiply and accumulate(MAC) unit that can be used in geometry transformation process in 3D graphics. The MAC unit is composed of floating point multiplier and floating point accumulator. When separate multiplier and accumulator are used, matrix calculation, used in the transformation process, can't use continuous accumulation values. In the proposed MAC unit the accumulator can get continuous input from the multiplier and the calculation time is reduced. The MAC unit uses about 4,300 gates and can be operated at 150 MHz frequency.

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Design of Square Root and Inverse Square Root Arithmetic Units for Mobile 3D Graphic Processing (모바일 3차원 그래픽 연산을 위한 제곱근 및 역제곱근 연산기 구조 및 설계)

  • Lee, Chan-Ho
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.20-25
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    • 2009
  • We propose hardware architecture of floating-point square root and inverse square root arithmetic units using lookup tables. They are used for lighting engines and shader processor for 3D graphic processing. The architecture is based on Taylor series expansion and consists of lookup tables and correction units so that the size of look-up tables are reduced. It can be applied to 32 bit floating point formats of IEEE-754 and reduced 24 bit floating point formats. The square root and inverse square root arithmetic units for 32 bit and 24 bit floating format number are designed as the proposed architecture. They can operation in a single cycle, and satisfy the precision of $10^{-5}$ required by OpenGL 1.x ES. They are designed using Verilog-HDL and the RTL codes are verified using an FPGA.

Improvement of Bit Recognition Rate for Color QR Codes By Multiplexing Color and Pattern Information (색 및 패턴 정보 다중화를 이용한 칼라 QR코드의 비트 인식률 개선)

  • Kim, Jin-Soo
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.24 no.8
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    • pp.1012-1019
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    • 2021
  • Currently, since the black-white QR (Quick Response) codes have limited storage capacity, color QR codes have been actively being studied. By multiplexing 3 colors, the color QR codes can allow the code capacity to be increased by three times, however, the color multiplexing brings about the possibility of crosstalk and noises in the acquisition process of the final image, incurring the decrease of bit-recognition rate. In order to improve the bit recognition rate, while keeping the storage capacity high, this paper proposes a new type of color QR code which uses the pattern information as well as the color information, and then analyzes how to increase the bit recognition rate. For this aim, the paper presents an efficient system which extracts embedded information from color QR code and then, through practical experiments, it is shown that the proposed color QR codes improves the bit recognition rate and are useful for commercial applications, compared to the conventional color codes.

A Design of an Embedded Microprocessor with Variable Length Instruction Mode (가변길이 명령어 모드를 갖는 Embedded Microprocessor의 설계)

  • 박기현;오민석;이광엽;한진호;김영수;배영환;조한진
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.83-90
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    • 2004
  • In this paper, we proposed a new instruction set(X32Y ISA) with 3 different types of instruction mode. The proposed instruction set organizes 32-bit, 24-bit, 16-bit instruction in order to solves a problem of memory size limitation in an embedded microprocessor. We designed a 32-bit 5 stage pipeline RISC microprocessor based on the X32V ISA. To verify the proposed the X32V ISA and a microprocessor, we estimated a program code size of multimedia application programs using a X32V simulator. In result, we verified that the Light mode and the Ultra Light mode obtains 8%, 27% reduction of a program code size through comparison with the Default mode. The proposed microprocessor was verified all X32V instructions execution at Xilinx FPGA with 33MHz operating frequency,

High Performance HIGHT Design with Extended 128-bit Data Block Length for WSN (WSN을 위한 128비트 확장된 데이터 블록을 갖는 고성능 HIGHT 설계)

  • Kim, Seong-Youl;Lee, Je-Hoon
    • Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.124-130
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    • 2015
  • This paper presents a high performance HIGHT processor that can be applicable for CCM mode. In fact, HIGHT algorithm is a 64-bit block cipher. However, the proposed HIGHT extends the basic block length to 128-bit. The proposed HIGHT is operated as 128-bit block cipher and it can treat 128-bit block at once. Thus, it can be applicable for the various WSN applications that need fast and ultralight 128-bit block cipher, in particular, to be operated in CCM mode. In addition, the proposed HIGHT processor shares the common logics such as 128-bit key scheduler and control logics during encryption and decryption to reduce the area overhead caused by the extension of data block length. From the simulation results, the circuit area and power consumption of the proposed HIGHT are increases as 40% and 64% compared to the conventional 64-bit counterpart. However, the throughput of the proposed HIGHT can be up to two times as fast. Consequently, the proposed HIGHT is useful for USN and handheld devices based on battery as well as RFID tag the size of circuit is less than 5,000 gates.

Replica Technique regarding research for Bit-Line tracking (비트라인 트래킹을 위한 replica 기술에 관한 연구)

  • Oh, Se-Hyeok;Jung, Han-wool;Jung, Seong-Ook
    • Journal of IKEEE
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    • v.20 no.2
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    • pp.167-170
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    • 2016
  • Replica bit-line technique is used for making enable signal of sense amplifier which accurately tracks bit-line of SRAM. However, threshold voltage variation in the replica bit-line circuit changes the cell current, which results in variation of the sense amplifier enable time, $T_{SAE}$. The variation of $T_{SAE}$ makes the sensing operation unstable. In this paper, in addition to conventional replica bit-line delay ($RBL_{conv}$), dual replica bit-line delay (DRBD) and multi-stage dual replica bit-line delay (MDRBD) which are used for reducing $T_{SAE}$ variation are briefly introduced, and the maximum possible number of on-cell which can satisfy $6{\sigma}$ sensing yield is determined through simulation at a supply voltage of 0.6V with 14nm FinFET technology. As a result, it is observed that performance of DRBD and MDRBD is improved 24.4% and 48.3% than $RBL_{conv}$ and energy consumption is reduced which 8% and 32.4% than $RBL_{conv}$.

Big Signature Method for Plagiarism Detection (표절 탐지를 위한 비트 시그니처 기법)

  • Kim, Woosaeng;Kang, Kyucheol
    • Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 2017
  • Recently, the problem of plagiarism has emerged as a big social issue because not only literature but also thesis become the target of plagiarism. Even the government requires conformation for plagiarism of high-ranking official's thesis as a standard of their ethical morality. Plagiarism is not just direct copy but also paraphrasing, rewording, adapting parts, missing references or wrong citations. This makes the problem more difficult to handle adequately. We propose a plagiarism detection scheme called a bit signature in which each unique word of document is represented by 0 or 1. The bit signature scheme can find the similar documents by comparing their absolute and relative bit signatures. Experiments show that a bit signature scheme produces better performance for document copy detection than existing similar schemes.

A LEA Implementation study on UICC-16bit (UICC 16bit 상에서의 LEA 구현 적합성 연구)

  • Kim, Hyun-Il;Park, Cheolhee;Hong, Dowon;Seo, Changho
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.585-592
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    • 2014
  • In this paper, we study the LEA[1] block cipher system in UICC-16bit only. Also, we explain a key-schedule function and encryption/decryption structures, propose an advanced modified key-scheduling, and perform LEA in UICC-16bit that we proposed advanced modified key-scheduling. Also, we compare LEA with ARIA that proposed domestic standard block cipher, and we evaluate the efficiency on the LEA algorithm.