• KSBB Journal
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.60-64
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• 2013

Two strains were isolated from the traditional Deep Blue Sediment Dye of Polygoum tinctoria, Niram, and temporarily named Niram A and Niram B, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that strain Niram A and B were closely related to the members of the genus Comamonas and Microbacterium, respectively. Strain Niram A exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to C. aquatica LMG $2370^T$ (98.06%). Strain Niram B showed 100% homology with M. oxydans DSM 20578T and M. maritypicum DSM $12512^T$. The growth of the strain Niram A and B was not inhibited in Niram medium containing high calcium concentration without free sugar as carbon source. The reducing Niram is greenish. Therefore, the reducing ability on the Niram of the strains Niram A and B were determined with the color difference of the $a^*$ values of Niram fermented-fluids. The $a^*$ value indicates the level of redness (positive value) or greenness (negative value). The green color is increasing towards the negative value. In all samples fermented for 10 days, the $a^*$ values among samples were no significant difference. However, samples fermented for 15 days have an appreciable change. After fermentation for 15 days, the control Niram sample had $-3.96{\pm}0.02$ of the $a^*$ value. On the other hand, the Niram samples fermented with the strain Niram A and B showed $-4.20{\pm}0.02$ of the $a^*$ value and $-7.86{\pm}0.03$ of the $a^*$ value, respectively. In the reducing ability on the Niram, the strain Niram B was significantly better than the strain Niram A.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.362-367
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• 2009

대청호의 한 지류인 소옥천으로부터 고효율 조류억제 세균을 분리하기 위하여 176균주를 분리 스크린하였으며, 이 중 AJ1이 가장 높은 조류성장억제능을 나타내었다(지름 50.0 mm 성장억제환). 조류성장억제능이 높았던 AJ1 균주 동정을 위하여 형태학적, 생리 생화학적, 16S rRNA gene sequence 분석, 지방산 분석을 수행하였으며 그 결과, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 로 판별되었다. AJ1 배양액을 원심분리한 후 상등액을 조류배양액에 첨가 시, 상등액에 의한 조류성장억제능이 나타남에 따라 세포 외 물질 분비에 의한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 가장 높은 조류성장억 제능[60.2(${\pm}$1.3)%]은 탄소원으로 mannitol을 사용하고, 온도 $30^{\circ}C$, pH 8에서 배양할 때 보였다. 또한, AJ1 균주의 배양기간 및 투여시기에 따른 조류성장억제능 평가 결과, 조류 성장 초기 단계에 조류성장억제균을 투여하였을 때 조류성장억제능이 높게 나타났고, 균주의 배양기간에 따른 조류성장억제능은 연관성이 나타나지 않았다. 상등액 접종량에 따른 조류성장억제능은 상등액의 접종량이 높아질수록 M. aeruginosa의 제거량은 증가하였으며, 고농도(40ml/L)로 적용하였을 때 80.3(${\pm}$8.6)%의 가장 높은 M. aeruginosa 제거효율을 보여주었다. 제거 속도의 경우 상등액 접종량이 낮아질수록 M. aeruginosa 제거율이 높아지는 경향을 확인하였으며, 저농도(10 ml/L)로 적용시 $8.2{\mu}g$ chl-a/supernatant ml/day로 가장 높게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과, AJ1 균주의 현장 적용 시 M. aeruginosa의 제어에 효율적일 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.133-136
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 소시지와 야채 샐러드에서 Y. enterocolitica의 검출을 위해 배지법과 real-time PCR법을 비교하였다. 소시지와 야채 샐러드에 Y. enterocolitica를 접종하고 PSBB에서 증균배양 하였으며, CIN agar에서 선택배양하였다. 동시에 증균배양액에서 1 mL을 채취하여 real-time PCR을 실시하였다. 실험결과, real-time PCR은 소시지에서 배지검출법과 비교하여 동일한 검출력을 보였으나 야채 샐러드에서는 훨씬 더 많은 양성을 검출하였다(p<0.05). 결론적으로 real-time PCR은 식품 시료와 관계 없이 표준 검출법인 배지검출법과 비교하여 동등하거나 우수한 민감도를 지닌 신속검출기법인 것으로 사료되며, 배지검출법에 앞서 선별검사로 사용할 경우 시간, 비용, 노동력 절감에 있어서 매우 유효한 방법이 될 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국키틴키토산학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.285-292
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• 2018

음식물쓰레기 분해용 균주를 선발하기 위하여 전통발효식품과 토양으로부터 내염성, 내열성을 갖는 균주 분리를 시도하였으며, protease, amylase, cellulase 및 lipase의 효소활성도를 평가하였다. 5% NA 배지에서 분리된 균주는 212종이었으며, 전통발효식품의 경우 4가지 효소활성을 가지고, 토양의 경우 2가지 이상의 효소활성을 가지며, 억제환이 15 mm 이상의 크기를 지닌 79종의 균주를 우선 선발하였다. 선발된 균주를 대상으로 분자유전학적 동정을 진행한 결과, 중복성을 배제하여 11종의 균주를 최종적으로 선발하여 혼합균주로 사용하였다. 혼합균주의 최적 배양조건으로는 배양시간은 24시간, 배양온도는 $30^{\circ}C$ 그리고 pH의 최적 조건은 7.0 부근인 것으로 확인되었다. 최적배양된 혼합균주 처리에 따른 음식물쓰레기 분해능 평가 결과 멸균수 첨가군은 10 mesh ($2000{\mu}m$)에서 103 g, 혼합균주 첨가군은 10 mesh ($2000{\mu}m$)에서 18 g인 것으로 보아 혼합균주로 나타나 음식물의 고형분의 입자가 액상으로 분해되었음을 확인하였다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.1169-1175
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• 2011

시설재배지의 토양미생물 분포 특성을 밝히고 토양의 건전성을 평가하고자, 전국 주요 시설재배 8개 주산단지에서 각각 5포장을 선정하여 토양화학성, 미생물분포 및 생화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 토양화학성은 가용성인산, 칼륨, 칼슘의 함량이 적정범위보다 크게 상회하여 상당량의 염류 집적을 확인하였다. 토양미생물의 배양적 방법을 통해 조사한 시설재배지의 주요 우점 박테리아는 Bacillus 속, Microbacterium 속, Arthrobacter 속, Lysobacter 속 등이었으며, 형광성 Pseudomonas 속의 밀도는 상추와 오이 재배지에서 각각 $0.018-7.3{\times}10^4\;cfu\;g^{-1}$, $0.0013-9.6{\times}10^4\;cfu\;g^{-1}$으로 시료에 따라 큰 변이를 보였다. 비배양학적 방법을 통한 토양미생물 분포 조사를 위해 수행한 인지질지방산 (PLFA)의 주성분 분석 결과, 작물 및 지역별 군집구조의 큰 차이는 없었다. 따라서 토양화학성 및 미생물군집구조 측면에서 시설재배지 조사지역의 토양은 대체로 건전한 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제29권7호
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• pp.1083-1095
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• 2019

Butyrate is known to play a significant role in energy metabolism and regulating genomic activities that influence rumen nutrition utilization and function. Thus, this study investigated the effects of an isolated butyrate-producing bacteria, Clostridium saccharobutylicum, in rumen butyrate production, fermentation parameters and microbial population in Holstein-Friesian cow. An isolated butyrate-producing bacterium from the ruminal fluid of a Holstein-Friesian cow was identified and characterized as Clostridium saccharobutylicum RNAL841125 using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The bacterium was evaluated on its effects as supplement on in vitro rumen fermentation and microbial population. Supplementation with $10^6CFU/ml$ Clostridium saccharobutylicum increased (p < 0.05) microbial crude protein, butyrate and total volatile fatty acids concentration but had no significant effect on $NH_3-N$ at 24 h incubation. Butyrate and total VFA concentrations were higher (p < 0.05) in supplementation with $10^6CFU/ml$ Clostridium saccharobutylicum compared with control, with no differences observed for total gas production, $NH_3-N$ and propionate concentration. However, as the inclusion rate (CFU/ml) of C. saccharobutylicum was increased, reduction of rumen fermentation values was observed. Furthermore, butyrate-producing bacteria and Fibrobacter succinogenes population in the rumen increased in response with supplementation of C. saccharobutylicum, while no differences in the population in total bacteria, protozoa and fungi were observed among treatments. Overall, our study suggests that supplementation with $10^6CFU/ml$ C. saccharobutylicum has the potential to improve ruminal fermentation through increased concentrations of butyrate and total volatile fatty acid, and enhanced population of butyrate-producing bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria F. succinogenes.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.243-255
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• 2021

Objective: Deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN) are mycotoxins that frequently contaminate maize and grain cereals, imposing risks to the health of both humans and animals and leading to economic losses. The gut microbiome has been shown to help combat the effects of such toxins, with certain microorganisms reported to contribute significantly to the detoxification process. Methods: We examined the cecum contents of three different dietary groups of pigs (control, as well as diets contaminated with 8 mg DON/kg feed or 0.8 mg ZEN/kg feed). Bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons were acquired from the cecum contents and evaluated by next-generation sequencing. Results: A total of 2,539,288 sequences were generated with ~500 nucleotide read lengths. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria were the dominant phyla, occupying more than 96% of all three groups. Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Megasphaera, and Campylobacter showed potential as biomarkers for each group. Particularly, Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were more abundant in the DON and ZEN groups than in the control. Additionally, 52,414 operational taxonomic units were detected in the three groups; those of Bacteroides, Lactobacillus, Campylobacter, and Prevotella were most dominant and significantly varied between groups. Hence, contamination of feed by DON and ZEN affected the cecum microbiota, while Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were highly abundant and positively influenced the host physiology. Conclusion: Lactobacillus and Bacteroides play key roles in the process of detoxification and improving the immune response. We, therefore, believe that these results may be useful for determining whether disturbances in the intestinal microflora, such as the toxic effects of DON and ZEN, can be treated by modulating the intestinal bacterial flora.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2021

Objective: Temperature could influence protein and amino acid deposition as well as gut microbiota profile and composition. However, the specific effects of ambient temperature on amino acids deposition and gut microbiota composition remain insufficiently understood. Methods: A total of 300 one-day-old Avian broilers were randomly divided into three groups and reared at high, medium, and low temperature (HT, MT, and LT), respectively. Breast muscle and fecal samples were collected for amino acid composition analysis and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Results: Our data showed that compared to the MT group, there was a decrease of muscle leucine and tyrosine (p<0.05), as well as an increase of methionine in the HT group (p<0.05) and a decrease of serine in the LT group. Examination of microbiota shift revealed that at genus level, the relative abundance of Turicibacter and Parabacteroides was increased in the HT group (p<0.05) and that the relative abundances of Pandoraea, Achromobacter, Prevotella, Brevundimonas, and Stenotrophomonas in the LT group were higher than those in the MT group (p<0.05). In addition, there were substantial correlations between microbes and amino acids. In the HT group. Turicibacter was negatively correlated with aspartic acid and tyrosine, whereas Parabacteroides was positively correlated with methionine (p<0.05). In the LT group, there were multiple positive correlations between Achromobacter and arginine, isoleucine or tyrosine; between Prevotella and cysteine or phenylalanine; between Brevundimonas and cysteine; and between Stenotrophomonas and cysteine as well as a negative correlation between Stenotrophomonas and serine. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that amino acid content of breast muscle and intestinal microbiota profile was affected by different ambient temperatures. Under heat exposure, augmented abundance of Parabacteroides was correlated with elevated methionine. Low temperature treatment may affect muscle tyrosine content through the regulation of Achromobacter.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.316-324
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• 2021

Background: Korea Red Ginseng (KRG) has been used as remedies with hepato-protective effects in liver-related condition. Microbiota related gut-liver axis plays key roles in the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease. We evaluated the effect of KRG on gut-liver axis in patients with nonalcoholic statohepatitis by the modulation of gut-microbiota. Methods: A total of 94 patients (KRG: 45 and placebo: 49) were prospectively randomized to receive KRG (2,000 mg/day, ginsenoside Rg1+Rb1+Rg3 4.5mg/g) or placebo during 30 days. Liver function test, cytokeraton 18, and fatigue score were measured. Gut microbiota was analyzed by MiSeq systems based on 16S rRNA genes. Results: In KRG group, the mean levels (before vs. after) of aspartate aminotransferase (53 ± 19 vs. 45 ± 23 IU/L), alanine aminotransferase (75 ± 40 vs. 64 ± 39 IU/L) and fatigue score (33 ± 13 vs. 26 ± 13) were improved (p < 0.05). In placebo group, only fatigue score (34 ± 13 vs. 31 ± 15) was ameliorated (p < 0.05). The changes of phyla were not statistically significant on both groups. In KRG group, increased abundance of Lactobacillus was related with improved alanine aminotransferase level and increased abundance of Clostridium and Intestinibacter was associated with no improvement after KRG supplementation. In placebo group, increased abundance of Lachnospiraceae could be related with aggravation of liver enzyme (p < 0.05). Conclusion: KRG effectively improved liver enzymes and fatigue score by modulating gut-microbiota in patients with fatty liver disease. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism of improvement of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. ClnicalTrials.gov: NCT03945123 (www.ClinicalTrials.gov).

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.761-770
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 전통발효식품인 막걸리로부터 분리한 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SRCM115785 균주에 대하여 protease 생산량을 증가시키기 위한 배지의 최적 농도를 확립하고자 하였다. 선정한 11개의 배지 성분 중 각 성분이 protease 생산에 미치는 영향에 대한 분석을 위해 Plackett-Burman design (PBD)를 설계하여 통계분석한 결과 glucose, yeast extract, beef extract를 protease 생산 향상을 위한 요인으로 최종 선별하였다. 선별된 3개의 성분에 대해 protease 생산을 위한 각 성분별 최적 농도를 결정하기 위해 central composite design (CCD)분석을 설계하여 protease 최대 생산을 위한 각 배지조성별 농도는 glucose 6.75 g/l, yeast extract 12.42 g/l, beef extract 17.48 g/l로 예측되었다. ANOVA 분석을 통해 실험모델의 적합성을 증명하였고, 설계한 최적배지에서 반복실험을 진행하여 protease 생산량을 측정한 결과 예측값과 매우 유사한 값을 나타냄을 확인하였다. 최종적으로 일반 배지에 비해 137% 환이 증가하였으며, 추가로 정량 분석 결과 기존 25.72 U/ml 대비 59.28 U/ml로 230.47% 증가함을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통해 protease 생산량 증가를 위한 배지 성분의 최적화를 확립하였고, 이를 바탕으로 산업용 효소로서 protease의 효율적인 활용방안에 대한 기초자료로서 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.