• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.127-140
• /
• 1992

본 연구에서는 Schwartz의 Norm Activation 이론을 도입하여, 실 외휴양지에서 환경훼손행위 관리를 위한 Communicatin 정책의 이론적 배 경으로 도입되어 있는 Prosocial Behavior 이론의 적용성을 실험하였다. 본 연구는 실험실에서 자체개발한 설문지를 통하여 수행되었으며, 미국 Texas A&M 대학교의 남녀 대학생 340명이 참가하였다. 본 실험의 결과 실외휴 양 환경에 대한 훼손행위(Depreciative Behavior)의 인과응보적인 결과를 알려 주는 Information이 실외휴양지 관리에 바람직한 행동의사를 활성화 시키는데 효과적인 반면, 훼손행위에 대한 법적인 제재조치를 설명하는 위 협적 Information은 바람직한 행동의지를 활성화시키지는 못했다. 이용자의 개인적인 성향인자인 사회적 책임감(Social Responsibility)의 고저는 사회 에 바람직한 행동의지의 활성화와 직접적인 관계가 있었다. 그러나, 사회적 책임감의 고저가 환경훼손행위에 대한 인과응보적인 Information이나 제재 조치에 대한 위협적인 Information과의 교호작용은 없었다. 통계학적으로 유의성은 적으나 사회적 책임감이 높은 시험구의 경우 제재조치에 대한 위 협적인 Information에 대한 반작용이 컸으나, 사회적인 책임감이 높은 실험 구의 경우 제재조치에 대한 위협적인 Information이 효과적인 결과를 볼 때, 이용자의 바람직한 행동의지에 역으로 작용하는 Communication정책에 대한 체계적인 연구가 요구된다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.160-166
• /
• 1995

Visitors to Chuwangsan National Park were survayed from August 3 to 5 n 1994. During this time, 346 visitors were contacted. Of those individuals, 65% were males. 63% of respondents reported that they had gone as far as college. 48% were 20 years of age. 97% of the survey respondents had experience to visit other national parks. The largest percentage of respondents were reported that they visited Chuwangsan Nat'1 Park for enjoying natural landscape. In group type, 50% were traveling with their family and 36% with their friends. In activity characteristics, 51% were day-time visitors, and 18% mentioned carrying in their on food. Generally most respondents were very interested in the environmental problem in national parks. The majority of visitors perceived that the environment of Chuwangsan Nat'1 Park were good enough. In six types of normative violations, the major reasons of littering were unintentional violation and releaser-cue violation. Most respondents were not likely to intervene to stop other visitors' depreciative behavior (Bystander intervention behavior). In two dilemmas, the more likely the intention to obey a regulation the less likely the intention to disobey a regulation, and vice-versa.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.38 no.3
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this paper is to devise a user management plan for tourism destinations in parts of park and open green spaces to prevent resource damage through depreciative behavior by tourists. Also, the possibility of the introduction of user management has been considered in order to complement this in these kinds of park and open green spaces. As explained in prior results, tourists have had the opportunity of taking part in many experiences which furnish cultural and historical information, but have never had experiences which furnish information in utilization and management such as prohibited behavior at tourism destinations, responsibility for damage, etc. The furnishing of information on utilization and management plays an important role in understanding responsibility in resource damage. For example, groups who have been given information on utilization and management appear to be much more responsible toward resources and environmental damage. For this reason, this must be a very important element for preventing damaging behavior at tourism destinations. Tourists can be made to understand that tourism destinations can be very seriously damaged by users. In order to control these damaging behaviors which occur from other users and to meet the needs of the tourism destinations being visited, it is necessary to establish a user management plan.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2003

A purpose of this study was to compare visitors' and managers' perception to park use and management attributes f3r developing the effective park management strategies. The questionnaire surveys with 401 samples in visitor and 67 samples in manager group were employed at three different parks(Chiaksan National Park, Odaesan National Park, and Seolaksan National Park) in Kwangwon area, Korea. As the results from comparing perception, some differences of perception about environment damage, damage types, and causes of damage exist between visitor and manager group. In addition, significant perception differences in some use and management attributes, such as trash problem, natural and cultural resource conditions, touting, sanitation and information facility conditions, were found between both groups.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.81-94
• /
• 1989

Use impacts to trail and campground deteriorations and their changes of natural environment were studied in Mt. Kaya National Park in 1989. The entire width, bare width and maximum depth of trail as the trail condition were significantly greater on the more heavily used trail. Deteriorations of trail which were surveyed at the total of 51 were significantly different from those of non-deteriorated points. The changes of soil and vegetation of trailsides were not found at a uniform tendency but could be more clearly grouped by the types of user's disturbance, and use impact on trailside had reached 15m inside of forest. Percentage of area for Class 5 in campsite was about 36% and about 69% of campsite area was more severe than Class 3. Recreational activities retarded the diameter growth of trees in campsite and accelerated the different composition of species. Soil and vegetative factors adapted to understand the difference of use amount and the realm of use impact could be sorted. The realm influenced by user's disturbance was about 50m from the core of campsite. Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Rhus trichocarpa, Symplocos chinensis for. pilosa and Stephanandra incisa were considered as the tolerant species to user's impact.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.169-176
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data for developing the practical park management. For this, satisfaction degree, satisfaction factors and estimated model by satisfaction variables of visitors analyzed through a questionnaire survey in Byeonsanbando National Park, Korea. In the evaluation of the satisfaction, variables of 'careless cooking'. 'collection of natural plants & animals', 'Noise and urination on the road' and 'Littering problem' at Naesosa and 'crowding', 'touting', 'Indiscreet use' and 'Illegal merchant' at Gyeokpo was most unsatisfied than any other variables. Satisfaction factors by Factor Analysis were loaded with 'user management' at Naesosa(65.1%) and 'business behavior management at Gyeokpo(68.4%) by the highest contribution degree. In estimated model of satisfaction by Multiple Regression Analysis showed in order of 'Injury of landscape resource', 'Lack of information facility', 'crowding' and 'Lack of employee's guidance or kindness' at Naesosa and 'Injury of landscape resource', 'Lack of information facility', 'Illegal merchant', Lack of facility to stay' and 'Lack of employee's guidance or kindness' at Gyeokpo. So, Mountain and marine National Parks needed different management policy and are required to institutional apparatus for user education.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.89-97
• /
• 2004

동북아지역에서는 최근 산업화와 도시화로 인하여 많은 개발행위가 이루어져 왔으며, 그에 따라 개발과 환경적 결과와의 관계가 주목을 받기 시작했다. 선진국에서는 이미 이러한 관계에 있어 환경적요소가 의사결정단계에서부터 고려될 수 있도록 제도적 보완이 이루어져 왔으나 동 지역에서는 그간 이에 대한 대응이 미비했던 것이 사실이다. 이러한 관점에서, 동 연구는 동북아지역에서의 환경영향평가의 비교를 통한 상호 제도의 이해증진을 위해 수행되었다. 특히, 본 연구의 목적은 골프장 조성사업에 대한 환경영향평가를 수행함에 있어 중점평가항목과 운영 측면에서의 양국간 환경영향평가를 비교함으로써 향후 양국간에 월경성 환경협력 기반을 마련하는데 있다. 연구의 주요 결과는 첫째, 환경영향평가항목 측면에서 한국의 경우 지형 지질, 동 식물상, 토지이용, 수질, 토양, 소음 진동, 위락 경관, 교통 등8개의 중점평가 항목을 설정하여 다소 항목수가 많고 내용적으로는 체계와 형식을 중시하고 있는 반면, 중국의 경우에서는 지하수, 지표수, 생태계 등3개의 중점평가 항목을 설정하여 항목 수는 적으나 비교적 구체적이고 현실 상황을 잘 반영하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 운영상 측면에서 한국의 골프장 환경영향평가서는 수질, 생태계 훼손 등을 강조하고 있는 반면, 중국은 도로사면 훼손, 경관, 수질 등에 초점을 두고 있어 양국의 골프장 조성에 있어 환경에 미치는 주요영향 요소선정에 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.187-196
• /
• 1996

Visitors to O-Daesan National Park were surveyed from July 28 to 31 in 1995. During that time, 392 visitors were contacted. Of those individuals, 52% were males and 48% of females. 68% of respondents reported that they had gone as far as college. 50% were 20 years of age. the largest percentage of respondents were reported that they visited O-daesan Nat'l Park for enjoying natural landscape. In group type, 40% were traveling with their family and 36% with their friends. In activity characteristics, 38% were 1 day-2nights visitors and 37% were day-time visitors. 45% did cooking and 21% were mentioned carrying in their own food. Generally most respondents were perceived that the environmental pollution. Most respondents were not likely to intervene to stop other visitors' depreciative behavior(Bystander intervention behavior). And their perceived broadcasting for guidance of use in National Park.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.221-230
• /
• 1994

Visitors to Tokyusan National Park were surveyed from August 9 to 12 During this time, 443 vistors were contacted. Of those individuals, 68.7% were males. 27.5% of respondents reported that they had gone beyond high shcool, and over one-half (64.9%) had gone as far as college. 54.7% were 20 years of age. 42.9% of the survey respondents were making their frist trip to Kuch'ontong and 67.9% to Muju Resort. The largest percentage of respondents were reported that they visited Tokyusan National Park for rippling. In group type, majority were traveling with their friends or family. In activity characteristics, 83.4％ were staying over nights visitors, and over 50% mentioned staying at private houses or hotels. In six types of normative violations, major reasons of littering behavior were unintentional violation and releaser-cue violation. Most respondents who witness other visitors' littering were not likely to intervene to stop their visitors' depreciative behavior(Bystander intervention Behavior). Most of visitors want to get more information from national park office.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.50-65
• /
• 1988

Trail and campground deteriorations and their environmental changes of soil and vegetation were studied in Guryong district of Mt. Chiak National Park in 1988. The Widths of both the entire trail and the bare portion as the trail condition were significantly greater on the more heavily used trail. and regressions showed the significant positive relationship between slope along the trail and maximum depth of the trail($R^2$=0.35). Deterioration types of trail which had higher frequency for a total of 63 observations were rock exposure(48%), trail deepening(29%) and root exposure(27%) in the high order. And occurence of trail deterioration was considerably influenced by slope along the trail Ecological changes of soil and vegetation of trailsides were not found at a uniform tendency but could be grouped, by the types of user's disturbance. On campsites. tree damage types and their frequencies were basic as a means of which grasp the limits of user's impact. The area with damaged trees on campsite in pine forest were larger than that in mixed forest and the frequency by damage type of trees varied according to the distance from the core of campsite and to the crown layer. Water content, pH and hardness of soil. coverage of lower trees, species and individuals per 100$m^2$, basal areas of upper and middle layer of trees had significant relationship with the distance from campsite to forest. The range influenced by user's disturbance was more than 70-80m, md Staphylea bumalda, Morns bombycis, Stephanandra incisa and Securinega suffruticosa were considered as tolerant species to user's impact.