• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.131-135
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• 2002

The optimum conditions for the production of Lentinus edodes mycelia and it's hypoglycemic effect was studied. Optimum pH and temperature for the production of mycelia in shaken flask culture were 5 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively, for 24 days cultivation. Culture period for maximum production of mycelia (8.13 g/l) in 5-l jar fermenter cultivation was shortened as much as 6 days compared to shaken flask culture. The mycelial dose of 5 % proved almost equally effective in lowering the plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and triglyceride level as much as 23.0, 20.7, and 27.1%, respectively. The values of alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase were also estimated and exhibited a substantial reduction (29.6 and 34.3%, respectively) in activity after the administration of dried mycelia.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.1-12
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• 2015

This study analyzes the physiological healing effects on users according to forest types. Forest types are classified into Chamaecyparis obtusa, Quercus serrata and Pinus densiflora and the subjects of this study, 64 hypertensives, 59 diabetics and 59 ordinary people, were tested to observe their physiological effects. The index of physiological reaction comprises electroencephalogram(EEG), heart rate variability(HRV), blood pressure and cortisol level. An analysis of the stress-buffering effect from the physiological reactions of the overall subjects indicates that Quercus serrata forests have a higher stress-buffering effect than others in terms of central nervous, endocrine and autonomic nervous systems. Chamaecyparis obtusa forests are contributory to soothing stress in the central nervous and endocrine systems. Pinus densiflora forests contribute in some indexes of the endocrine and autonomic nervous systems. In contrast, Pinus densiflora forests are less influential on a stress-buffering effect than the other two. In the level of the effect for lowering blood pressure, Chamaecyparis obtusa and Quercus serrata forests are more effective than Pinus densiflora forests. Therefore, staying in the first two forests can heighten the healing effect of the lowering of blood pressure for hypertensive patients. Every forest is efficacious to lowering diabetic blood glucose levels. Spending time in Quercus serrata forests is more effective for hypoglycemic.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.696-702
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• 2007

This study was performed to investigate the antihyperglycemic effect of green tea extracts (GTE) in diabetic rats. Experimental animals used were alloxan-induced diabetic Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats; as a model of type 1 diabetes mellitus and Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETF) rats, and as a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Animals were randomly assigned either to continue the ad libitum diet or begin a green tea extracts (GTE) contained diet. GTE extracted from green tea was supplemented in the diet (2%). Body weight, food intake, and blood glucose concentration were recorded for 4 weeks. Animals were killed and glucose, triglyceride, and asparate aminotransferase (AST) were analysed in blood. Food intake was not affected by GTE in both alloxan.induced diabetic and OLETF rats but body weight was slightly decreased by GTE in OLETF rats. The blood glucose concentration was markedly decreased by GTE supplementation in both alloxan-induced diabetic and OLETF rats; however, triglyceride and AST levels in serum of GTE treated animals were not changed. This study shows that GTE beneficially modulate blood glucose concentration in diabetic animals. Dietary supplementation with GTE could potentially contribute to nutritional strategies for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.12
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• pp.1554-1559
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• 2008

This study was performed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of single and repeated oral administration of medicinal herbal mixture (AD) in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Angelica decursiva, Lycium chinense and Adenophora triphylla var. japonica Hara were selected by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and mixed for AD mixture. In an oral glucose tolerance test, the AD inhibited the increase in blood glucose levels at 1 hr and 2 hr and decreased incremental glycemic response area under the curve. In a single administration of AD1 (100 mg/kg) and AD2 (500 mg/kg), significant reductions by 5.3% and 12.3% were observed in fasting blood glucose level for 4 hours. During the 1 month of the experimental period, AD1 and AD2 was given to the STZ induced diabetic rats. At 4th week, the fasting blood glucose levels of AD1 and AD2 caused a fall of 25.5% and 37.9%, respectively. In addition, the body weights were decreased by 7.7% (AD1) and 1.7% (AD2), respectively, compared with diabetic control (DC, decreasing of 10.2%). This study suggests that AD could be potentially useful for fasting and post-prandial hyperglycemia treatment and all these effects concluded to the use of this plant extract to manage diabetes mellitus.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.8
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• pp.589-594
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• 2022

The objective of this study was to investigate whether betulinic acid can inhibit the activities of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes and reduce postprandial hyperglycemia in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Our results revealed that betulinic acid has potent inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. The half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) of betulinic acid were 12.83±6.81 and 18.32±3.24 μM for α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively. This result indicates lower IC₅₀ values and higher inhibitory activities than those of acarbose, an oral hypoglycemic drug. The increase in postprandial blood glucose levels was significantly suppressed in the betulinic acid group than in the control group of diabetic and normal mice. Postprandial blood glucose levels were 23.22±1.1, 24.38±1.31, and 21.05±1.36 μM in the betulinic acid group compared to 24.64±1.7, 27.22±1.58, and 26.36±1.40 μM in the control group of diabetic mice at 30, 60 and 120 min, respectively. The area under the curve also significantly decreased with the administration of betulinic acid in diabetic mice, however, it did not decrease more than that after acarbose administration. Our results showed that betulinic acid may be a potent inhibitor of carbohydrate-digesting enzymes and ameliorate postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic mice.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.487-492
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• 2002

Low-fat and sugar-free (LFSF) cookies were developed for patients with metabolic syndrome X, such as obesity, diabetes, coronary heart disease, and hypertention, using artificial sweeteners (mixture of aspartame and saccharin), pectin and herb extracts such as Polygonatum Odoratum (Mill) Druce, Schizandrae Fructus and Lycii Fructus, without sugar and fats. LFSF cookies were composed of 7.5 : 1 of aspartame and saccharin, 5% pectin, 49% protein, and 5% herb extracts, with reduced fat level. The values for area under the curve in oral glucose tolerance tests were significantly lower in 90% pancreatomized-(Px, n = 8) and sham - operated (Sham, n = 8) rats which consumed LFSF cookies, than the control, which consumed regular cookies. Blood glucose levels were higher and the peak levels were significantly lower in the LFSF cookies group than the control group of Px and Sham rats. Blood glucose levels of healthy female college students (n = 10) at 30 and 60 min after the consumption of 30 g LFSF and regular cookies were not different, but they were significantly lower in the LFSF-cookies group in diabetes patients (n = 10). In conclusions, LFSF cookies was considered as a good snack for diabetic patients.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2016

In this study, 4-week-old rats were fed bread supplemented with Terminalia chebula (TC), Plantago asiatica (PA), Linder obtusiloba (LO), and Capsosiphon fulvescens (CF) ethanol extracts, to determine the decrease in blood glucose levels, as well as the anti-inflammatory and lipid-enhancing effects. Previous studies have demonstrated the antioxidative effects of these ethanol extracts. After sacrifice, the liver tissue, whole blood, and serum samples were collected for biochemical analysis. The results showed a significant decrease in blood glucose level, lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA) level, HbA1c level, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (p<0.05) and an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol level in rats fed bread supplemented with LO and CF ethanol extracts (p<0.05). Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate that bread supplemented with LO and CF ethanol extracts can potentially affect the blood glucose level and lead to lipid enhancement.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.672-686
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• 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of Baekhogainsam-tang for type 2 diabetes without complications by systemic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: For a systematic review and meta-analysis, we set a key question in accordance with PICOT-SD. We searched the following up to March 31. 2021: PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library, CNKI, CiNii, KISS, KMBASE, OASIS, and ScienceON. A meta-analysis was conducted by synthesizing the results, including fasting plasma glucose level, postprandial 2-hour plasma glucose level, and Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c). Results: A total of five trials are included in this systemic review. The treatment group (Baekhogainsam-tang plus conventional treatment) showed more statistically significant effect than did the control group (conventional treatment only) in fasting plasma glucose level, postprandial 2-hour plasma glucose level, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). Conclusions: Baekhogainsam-tang showed statistically significant effects in hypoglycemic effect and in improving insulin resistance. However, the number of studies included in the meta-analysis was insufficient, and the BIT used in the included studies was not standardized. This topic requires further attention and more clinical research.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.126-129
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• 2000

The hypoglycemic effects of the hot water extract of soybean paste containing mycelia of Phellinus linteus, Cordyceps militaris, Ganoderma lucidum were evaluated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. All the diabetic groups were not significantly affected in food intake and food efficiency ratio. Significant decrease in blood glucose was observed in all the soybean paste containing mushroom mycelia (SPM) groups. Especially, administration of soybean paste containing mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum, blood glucose level was significantly lowered up to 45% compared to that of diabetic control group. The GPT and GOT activities indicated lower values in all the SPM groups than in the diabetic control group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.774-781
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• 2012

This study investigated dose-response effects of chlorogenic acid (CA) on glucose metabolism and the antioxidant system in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice with a high-fat diet (HFD). Male ICR mice were fed with a HFD (37% calories from fat) for 4 weeks prior to intraperitoneal injection with STZ (100 mg/kg body weight). Diabetic mice were supplemented with two doses of CA (0.02% and 0.05%, wt/wt) for 6 weeks. Both doses of CA significantly improved fasting blood glucose level, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance without any changes in plasma insulin and C-peptide levels. Plasma leptin concentration was significantly higher in the CA-supplemented groups than in the diabetic control group. Both doses of CA significantly increased hepatic glucokinase activity and decreased glucose-6-phosphatase activity compared to the diabetic control group. The ratio of glucokinase/glucose-6-phosphatase was dose-independently higher in CA-supplemented mice than in diabetic control mice. CA supplementation dose-independently elevated superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, whereas it lowered lipid peroxide levels compared to the diabetic control mice in the liver and erythrocyte. These results suggest that low-dose CA may be used as a hypoglycemic agent in a high-fat diet and STZ-induced diabetic mice.