• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.593-599
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• 2021

The demand for e-VTOL aircraft is expected to be increased rapidly in the future as a means of urban transportation due to operating cost reduction, eco-friendliness and convenience of vertical take-off and landing using pilot-aids automation system. However, there are many technical hurdles to be solved in securing safety and certification which are essential for commercialization and urban operation. So far, there is no e-VTOL aircraft that has received type certificate and standard airworthiness certificate due to the technical problems and safety requirement differences with conventional aircraft. The e-VTOL aircraft certification should also meet the equivalent level of safety required by the current airworthiness standards, but there are existing problems in securing safety and meeting current standards. In this study, the e-VTOL's certification problems and technical limitations in satisfying the current standards are presented.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.60-69
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• 2019

Companies around the world are actively developing Personal Air Vehicle (PAV) to solve the serious social problem of traffic jams. Airworthiness certification for PAV is required, since it is a manned vehicle. As with aircraft, the critical threat to the safe operation of PAV is lightning strike with strong thermal load and magnetic fields. Lightning certification issue also remains important for PAV, since there are still insufficient development of PAV-related lightning certification technologies, guidelines, and requirements. In this study, the SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP), an international standard certification guideline recognized by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), was analyzed. In addition, the guideline of lightning certification was applied to a PAV. The impact of lightning on PAV was also analyzed through computational software. Finally, the basis for the establishment of the PAV lightning certification guidance was presented.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.35-41
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• 2022

UAM (Urban Air Mobility) is a new safe, secure, and more sustainable air transportation system for passengers and cargo in urban environments. Commercial operations of UAM are expected to start in 2025. Since production rates of UAM are expected to be closer to cars than conventional aircraft, the airworthiness methodology for UAM must be prepared for mass production. Composite materials are expected to be mainly used for UAM structures to reduce weight. In this paper, the composite material qualification method was derived and the materials were applied for small aircraft application. It is expected to reduce the airworthiness certification time by applying composite material qualification system and its database.

• Current Industrial and Technological Trends in Aerospace
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.68-75
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• 2006

항공기용 타이어는 지상에 있는 경우에 항공기의 중량을 견뎌야 하고, 활주 및 착륙 과정에서는 열발생 및 마모에 견디면서 탑승객에게 안정감과 안락함을 제공할 수 있어야 한다. 따라서 타이어 구조는 항공기 하중뿐 아니라 높은 각속도에서 발생하는 작용력을 견뎌야 하며 착륙시에는 브레이크에 의한 높은 동적 제동하중을 지면에 전달하는 동시에 지면과의 충돌충격을 흡수할 수 있는 능력이 요구된다. 이러한 모든 기능은 타이어의 수명기간동안 신뢰성 있게 유지되어야 한다. 현재 항공기에 사용되는 타이어는 바이어스 타이어가 주류를 이루고 있지만 최근 개발되는 신규 항공기를 중심으로 래디얼 타이어의 사용이 증가하고 있다. 이러한 최신의 산업동향을 반영하여 항공기용 타이어에 대한 안전기준이 보완되고 있다. 본 글에서 항공기용 타이어에 대한 기술표준품표준서를 기준으로 최신 인증기술동향에 대하여 고찰하고자 한다.

• Current Industrial and Technological Trends in Aerospace
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.124-135
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• 2010

The Japanese and U.S. governments has signed a Bilateral Aviation Safety Agrement and associated implementation procedures for airworthiness on April 27, 2009 to mutually accept the airworthiness approvals for aircraft and parts that the other country issue. This bilateral agreements do not relieve the Civil Aviation Authority(CAA) of its statutory responsibilities for certification. However, they provide an alternative means for the CAA to make its findings, recognizing the competency of another authority to conduct certification functions in a manner comparable to, and on behalf of, the CAA. In this way, the bilateral agreements contribute to ensuring aviation safety as well as reducing the burden imposed on the aviation industries without compromising safety. This paper is to discuss recent status of Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement and associated Japanese Aircraft Certification System.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.23-34
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• 2022

Cities around the world are increasing their demand for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) aircraft due to traffic congestion with population concentration. Aircraft with various shapes depending on fixed-wing and propulsion systems, are being prepared for commercialization. Airworthiness certification is required as it is a manned transportation vehicle that flies in the city center and transports people on board. UAM aircraft are vulnerable to lightning and HIRF environments due to the increasing use of composite materials, the use of electric motors, and use of electronic equipment. Currently, the development of certification technology, guidelines, and requirements in lightning and HIRF environments for UAM aircraft is incomplete. In this study, the certification procedures for lightning and HIRF indirect impacts of rotorcraft shown in AC 20-136B and AC 20-158A issued by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), were verified and applied to the computerized simulation of UAM aircraft. The impact of lightning and HIRF on ducted fan UAM aircraft was analyzed through computerized simulation, and the basis for establishing practical guidelines for certification of UAM aircraft to be operated in the future is presented.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 2018

As the use of software is increasing in aircraft system, an exposure to the threat of safety and security also continues to grow. Although certification criteria for software safety such as DO-178C have already been established, specific certification criteria for software security have not yet been included. Recently DO-326A, DO-356 and DO-355 have been published separately for aircraft and system airworthiness security certification criteria. However, to comply individual certification criteria and procedures, it requires the additional cost and effort. Therefore, this paper proposes the efficient integrated certification criteria saving cost, effort and time by combining the certification criteria for software safety and security.

• The Magazine of the IEIE
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.75-85
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• 1994

Safety and Reliability assessments of Avionics Parts must be conducted essentially in the step of disign and manufacture as it constitutes a major field of aircraft critical operation. Recently Avionics parts fabrication techniques are continuously developing by applying digital techniques. Airborne computer is being adopted on an aircraft for flight is being adopted on an aircraft for flight safety augmentation and simplification of controls including reduction of human error. Therefore inspection and evaluation procedures should be developed in order to accomodate such trends. The number of avionics parts is approximitely 72% of total TSO parts, so it is expected high added-values through manufactures of TSO parts in aircraft industries. Particuarly avionics parts must be manufacturered with our own technology to be used in Mid-class aircraft which will be developed soon. Along with this, preparation of Certification Procedures is essential for Avionics Parts.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.298-305
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• 2008

From design to serial production, aircraft should go thorough complicated certification procedure from airworthiness authority such as Type Certificate, Production Certificate and Certificate of Airworthiness. On the other hand, aircraft components are mandated to receive Technical Standard Order Approval and Production Manufacture Approval before commercial use. As domestic aircraft and LRUs are currently under development, Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement is promoted for the purpose of increasing aviation safety as well as foreign export. This paper describes the basic aircraft certification procedure and compares the difference in the certification system of US and Korea. Thorough this, it is attempted to suggest a requirements for establishing international certification system.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.14 no.spc
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• pp.7-12
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• 2020

In this paper the new revision of Korean Airworthiness Standards (KAS) - Emissions was proposed for enforced environmental standards. The Aircraft Engine Fuel Venting and Exhaust Emissions Requirements have been only defined for smoke, HC, CO and NOx as management items in previous KAS. However, this standard has not covered the current situation that International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) enforced environmental regulations, such as emissions trading system, limitation of CO₂ emissions and restriction of exhaust gas. In order to overcome these outdated situations, we presented the new requirements for aircraft exhaust gas emissions standard of Korea based on the latest standards of United States, Europe and other countries.