• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.180-191
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• 2013

The purpose of this research was to find an optimal quarrying for marble by analyzing the applicability and the work efficiency of a chain saw machine newly introduced in the underground Baekwoon mine. From the test results of the physical properties of Baekwoon marble, which affects the efficiency of rock cutting, it was found to have similar physical characteristics as the ones which are now being produced in the other areas in Korea. And especially it shows isotropic property, which can be thought to be advantageous as a dimensional stone. To check the long-term quality of the marble as a stone material, several tests such as corrosion resistance test and abrasion test were carried out. It was found to be vulnerable to acid rain with decrease of weight and seismic wave velocity after applying artificial rain at pH 5.6 for 50 times. The percentage of wear from abrasion test was 22.67%. The working time and cutting speed of the chain saw machine were recorded and analyzed during the test-run at the quarry. The overall work cycle was assorted into 9 unit operations and the operating time per each unit was drawn. The operating times for the two cutting patterns, which could be possibly applicable to the work site, were compared. The results indicated that the pattern B, that the cutting sequence was set to minimize the movement of the machine, showed 6% less working hours than the pattern A, which first cuts the outer boundary. With cutting pattern analysis, the ore body in the Baekwoon mine was 3 dimensionally modeled and a quarrying plan considering the existing conditions of the marble was suggested.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.69-73
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• 2009

Proteases are degradative enzymes which hydrolyze a peptide bond between amino acids and they are abundantly applied to commercial field. In order to investigate optimal medium compositions of carbon and nitrogen source for enzyme production, modified STY medium containing 0.15% yeast extract were used as basal medium. When galactose was used as carbon source, enzyme activity showed 1.3 higher than that of glucose. For nitrogen source addition of casamino acids to basal medium in place of tryptone showed lowest activity, whereas addition of malt extract showed maximal activity. The optimum temperature and pH of extracellular protease were found to be $35^{\circ}C$ an pH 8.5.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

The SOI wafer fabrication technique has been developed by using ion-cut process, based on proton implantation and wafer bonding techniques. It has been shown by TRIM simulation that 65 keV proton implantation is required for the standard SOI wafer (200 nm SOI, 400 nm BOX) fabrication. In order to investigate the optimum proton dose and primary annealing condition for wafer splitting, the surface morphologic change has been observed such as blistering and flaking. As a result, effective dose is found to be in the 6∼$9\times10^{16}$ $H^{+}/\textrm{cm}^2$ range, and the annealing at $550^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes is expected to be optimum for wafer splitting. The depth distribution of implanted hydrogen has been experimentally confirmed by ERD and SIMS measurements. The microstructure evolution in the damaged layer was also studied by X-TEM analysis.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.24 no.B
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• pp.19-29
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• 2004

The demand for demolition of steel structures is recently increasing in Korea. Most of flexible linear-shaped charges(FLSC) for steel demolition are now imported from foreign countries. Some basic experiments have been studied to determine the optimum parameters of design for domestic development of FLSC. Domestic FLSC were used to check cutting of steel structures and other materials in this study. The result shows that domestic FLSC is very effective to cut steel structures.

• Korean Journal of Crystallography
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 1999

CaF2 단결정을 흑연도가니를 사용하여 He 분위기 하에서 탄만법으로 성장시켰다. 수화방지를 위해 PbF2를 출발물질에 도포하였다. 열구배에 따른 계면의 움직임인 성장속도는 배플판에 의해 성공적으로 조절되었다. 결정성장의 최적조건은 온도구배가 37℃/cm, 냉각속도가 10℃/hr 및 2.5tw% PbF2를 사용한 경우로, 성장속도는 약 3.2 mm/hr이었으며, 위로 볼록한 고액계면을 갖는 단결정이 성장되었다. IR분석 결과, 1500∼4000 cm-1(6.7∼2.5 ㎛)영역에서 약 96%의 투과도를 보였다. 결함밀도를 측정하기 위해, 성장축에 수직 및 수평으로 절단한 면을 농축 H2SO4에서 약 30분간 에칭하여 간섭현미경으로 관찰한 결과, 각각 3.4×104/cm2였다. 이러한 결과는 수화에 따른 성장된 단결정의 투명도의 경향과 일치하였다. 결정에 대한 XRD분석 결과 우선성장 방향은 <311>이었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1992.11a
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• pp.31-37
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• 1992

금형을 이용하는 소성가공에서는 형 사이에서 셩형되는 소재가 소성변형되지만 이때 소재는 형의 표면을 따라 미끄러지면서 유동하므로 형재료와 소재간에는 큰 마찰력이 작용하고, 형재료는 이 마찰력에 의하여 전단응력이 작용하게 된다. 따라서 이러한 전단응력이 반복하여 작용하는 프레스가공 등에서는 형의 수명이 항상 문제가 된다. 물론 형의 수명은 형재료가 프레스압력에 견디지 못하여 형이 균열되거나 펀치가 절단되는 것 같은 형재료의 강인성이 불충분하기 때문에 비교적 조기에 일어나는 파손에 의하여 수명의 대상으로 되는 경우도 있지만 무엇보다도 형의 수명을 죄우하는 가장 중요한 사항은 형재료의 내마멸성이다. 따라서 본 연구에서서는 이들 제인자를 고려하여 Die 및 Punch의 재료로 널리 사용되는 냉간성형용 Die강인 STD 11의 마멸특성을 알기 위하여 미끄럼 속도, 접촉압력 및 미끄럼 거리등을 변화시켜 내마멸성을 나타내는 최적사용조건을 찾고자 하는 것을 목적으로 하였다.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2022.09a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2022

본 연구는 의성작약(Paeonia lactiflora)의 가공공정별 생리활성과 성분 변화를 확인하였으며 이에 따라 최적의 가공공볍을 찾아 추후 제품생산에 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 본 연구에 사용된 작약은 의성에서 생산되는 의성작약(Paeonia lactiflora)을 사용하였으며 가공방법으로는 거피를 제거한 것과 제거하지 않은 것을 절단하여 건조 후 사용하였다. 추출 샘플로는 가공한 작약을 술에 담가 볶은 것(주초)과 볶은 것(초), 건조 한 것 세 가지로 나누어 추출하였다. 추출방법으로는 온도별 열수추출과 농도별 알코올추출을 진행하였다. 온도별 열수추출은 100g의 작약과 500ml의 정제수를 60℃, 80℃, 100℃에 3h 추출하였고 농도별 알코올추출은 100g의 작약과 각각 500ml의 10%, 30%, 50%, 70%, 90% 에탄올을 상온에 6d 추출하였다. 추출을 통해 얻은 샘플로 항산화활성과 주요성분함량을 조사하였다. 항산화활성은 1g/kg의 농도로 DPPH assay 실험을 활용하였다. 실험 결과 열수추출물의 경우 60℃에서 추출한 초가 가장 좋은 활성을 가지고 있었고, 에탄올추출에서는 90% 에탄올에서 추출한 초가 가장 활성이 높았다. 주요성분 분석으로는 Paeoniflorin과 Albiflorin의 함량을 조사하였는데 2g/kg로 샘플을 희석한 뒤 HPLC(Water 2695, Water 5996PDA, 칼럼-Xbridge C18)이용하여 분석한 결과 Paeoniflorin은 90% 에탄올에서 추출한 주초가 가장 많았고, Albiflorin은 90% 에탄올에서 추출한 초가 가장 많았다. 본 실험의 결과 항산화활성과 주요성분의 최적 조건은 90% 에탄올에서 추출한 초인 것을 확인하였으며, 추후 다양한 가공방법을 활용하여 생리활성검증과 주요성분 분석을 진행 할 예정이다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.16 no.7 s.80
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• pp.1133-1140
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• 2006

Human HtrA1 (High temperature requirement protein A1) is a homologue of the E. coli periplasmic serine protease HtrA. A recent study has demonstrated that HtrA1 is a serine protease involved in processing of insulin like growth factor binding protein (ICFBP), indicating that it serves as an important regulator of IGF activity. Additionally, several lines of evidence suggest a striking correlation between proteolytic activity of HtrA1 serine protease and the pathogenesis of several diseases; however, physiological roles of HtrA1 remain to be elucidated. We used the pGEX bacterial expression system to develop a simple and rapid method for purifying HtrA1, and the recombinant HtrA1 protein was utilized to investigate the optimal conditions in executing its proteolytic activity. The proteolytically active HtrA1 was purified to approximately 85% purity, although the yield of the recombinant HtrA1 protein was slightly low $460{\mu}g$ for 1 liter E. coli culture). Using in vitro endoproteolytic cleavage assay, we identified that the HtrA1 serine protease activity was dependent on the enzyme concentration and the incubation time and that the best reaction temperature was $42^{\circ}C$ instead of $37^{\circ}C$. We arbitrary defined one unit of proteolytic activity of the HtrA1 serine protease as 200nM of HtrA1 that cleaves half of $5{\mu}M\;of\;{\beta}-casein$ during 3 hr incubation at $37^{\circ}C$. Our study provides a method for generating useful reagents to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which HtrA1 serine protease activity contributes in regulating its physiological function and to identify natural substrates of HtrA1.

• Magazine of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.167-178
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• 1993

The objective of this paper is to look into the possibility of the detailed and practical optimum design of rt:inforced concrete beam using methods oi discrete mathematical programming. In this discrete optimum formulation, the design variables are the overall depth, width and effective depth of members, and area of longitudinal reinforcement. In addition, the details such as the amount of web reinforcement and cutoff points of longitudinal reinforcement are also considered as variables. Total cost has been used as the objective function. The constraints include the code requirments such as flexural strength, shear strength, ductility, serviceability, concrete cover. spacing, web reinforcement, and development length and cutoff points of longitudinal renforcement. An optimization algorithm is presented for effective optimum design of R.C. beam with discrete de sign variables. First, the continuous variable optimization can be achieved by Feasible Direction Method. Using the results obtained from the continuous variable optimization, a branch and bound method is used to obtained the discrete design values. The proposed algorithm is applied to test problem for reliability, and the results are compared with those of graphical method and rounded-up method. And a simply supported R.C. beam and a two-span continuous R.C. beam are presented as numerical examples for effectiveness and applicability. It is considered that the presented algorithm can be effectively applied to the discrete optimum design of R.C. beams.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2005

In this thesis, Lohmann's algorithm and FFT (fast Fourier transform) are used to synthesize binary-phase holograms. FFT computing is carried out for the calculation of complex wavefronts of $128{\times}128$ sampling points of an object that is numerically specified. Then using the Lohmann's algorithm, the amplitude and the phase of complex wavefronts are encoded in binary holograms on each sampling points. PC (personal computer) and laser printer are used to plot binary-phase holograms and CGH (computer generated holograms) films are obtained from this plot by photographic reduction. Holographic images of numerically specified objects are reconstructed from the He-Ne laser and the inverse Fourier optics system. We estimate the quality of holographic images according to the sampling number, application of random phase, amplitude clipping and bleaching the CGH film. We derive optimized conditions to reconstruct better holographic images and to reduce the speckle noise. FFT and Lohmann's algorithm are implemented with MS Visual BASIC 6.0 for the programming of binary-phase hologram.