• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.44-48
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• 2008

With extracts from Cheongmoknosang, anti-inflammatory effect was examined in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells. LPS (10 ng/ml) treatment increased the production of inflammatory cytokines, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ but the ethanol extracts from Cheongmoknosang slightly decreased the production of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and also reduced the expression of iNOS and the production of COX-2. It seems that anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extracts from Cheongmoknosang is partly due to the inhibition of iNOS and COX-2 expression by inhibiting nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ and AP-l in Raw 264.7 cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.374-380
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• 2010

The objective of this research was to evaluate the inhibitory activities of phenolic compounds isolated from Cheomoknosang callus on Helicobacter pylori. Total phenolic compounds of 80% ethanol extracts from callus were 15.3 mg/g. The activity of H. pylori inhibition at 80% ethanol extracts from Cheongmoknosang callus was determined as 14 mm clear zone. Isolation of inhibitory compounds was carried out on Sephadex LH-20 and MCI-gel CHP-20 column chromatography using a gradient elution procedure of increasing MeOH in $H_2O$. The chemical structure of the inhibitory compound against Helicobacter pylori was confirmed as protocatechuic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and rosemarinic acid by spectroscopic analysis of FAB-MS, NMR and IR spectrum.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.368-376
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• 2013

The optimal condition for Morus alba cv was an MS culture medium at $27^{\circ}C$ for 20 days. Cheongmoknosang callus showed inhibitory activity against Helicobacter pylori at 1.05 g of wet weight of the cultured callus. The callus formation of Morus alba cv. Cheongmoknosang was influenced by naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and kinetin at concentrations of 2 mg/l. The growth rate of callus was higher than it was when these hormones were mixed with a single hormone. Thus, the optimal condition for direct callogenesis was to incubate with mixture (2,4-D/NAA) of 2 mg/l concentration at $27^{\circ}C$ for 20 days. Moreover, the optimal culture condition of the biomass in the mass production of inhibitory compounds against Helicobacter pylori from Morus alba cv. Cheongmoknosang callus was to incubate in an MS broth (each concentration 1 mg/l of 2,4-D and BA). When Morus alba cv. Cheongmoknosang callus were incubated for 20 days in a bioreactor, Helicobacter pylori inhibition of callus extracts was the highest at a clear zone of 16 mm.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.334-343
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• 2007

The water extracts and 80% ethanol extracts from mulberry leaves of 108 kinds were tested their antimicrobial activities against Helicobacter pylori and antioxidant effects. The ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiaznoline-6-sulfornic acid)] radical decolorization, electron donating ability (EDA), thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and antioxidant protection factor (PF) were determined for water extracts and 80% ethanol extracts from mulberry leaves. In the electron donating activity, the 13 kinds of water extracts showed high inhibition (>80%), whereas the 59 kinds of 80% ethanol extracts showed high inhibition. The inhibitory activities of water extracts from all kinds of mulberry leaves were higher than 90% in ABTS [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiaznoline-6-sulfornic acid)] radical decolorization. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) and antioxidant protection factor (PF) of the 80% ethanol extracts were higher than that of water extracts. Antimicrobial activity against Helicobacter pylori showed high value in 80% ethanol extracts of 15 kinds mulberry leaves. The results implied that the mulberry leaves can be useful for natural antimicrobial medicine.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.65-69
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• 2009

In this study, we tried to find the subject to inhibit H. pylori from Cheongmoknosang mulberry leaves extracts and to purify and identify them. Total phenolic compounds of hot water and 80% ethanol extracts are 17.6 and 16.1 mg/g. The activity of H. pylori inhibition at 80% ethanol extracts was determined as 15mm clear zone. The purification of inhibitory compounds were carried on $C_{18}$ column and MCI-gel CHP-20 column chromatography which were used a gradient procedure as increasing ethanol in $H_2O$. The chemical structure of purified inhibitory compounds on H. pylori were identified chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and rosmarinic acid by FAB-MS, $^1H-NMR$, $^{13}C-NMR$ and IR spectrum.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.117-127
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• 2007

The exposed aggregate PCC(EAP) pavements have been successfully used in Europe and Japan as low-noise pavements. Coarse aggregate are exposed on the pavement surface texture of EAP by removing mortar of surface. The pavement surface texture should maintain not only low-noise characteristic but also adequate skid resistance level during the performance period. Skid resistance decreased with wearing and polishing of tire and pavement surface due to the repetition of tire-pavement contact. Since the tires mainly contact the exposed coarse aggregate, the shape and rock type of coarse aggregate significantly influence wearing and polishing of EAP pavements. The test for resistance to abrasion coarse aggregate by use of the Los Angeles machine(KS F 2508) and the method of test for resistance to abrasion coarse aggregate by use of the Accelerated Polishing Machine(ASTM D 3319-90) are generally used to evaluate polishing characteristics of aggregate. In this study, polishing of coarse aggregate of different five rock types were evaluated by KS F 2508(LA abrasion test) and ASTM D 3319-90(PSV method). The results of LA abrasion test and PSV method were contrary to each other. Since LA abrasion test is estimated the quantity of abrasion by the impact of aggregate, it may not be adequate to evaluate the polishing of aggregate by the repetition of tire. In the case of PSV method, the resistance of polishing is estimated the skid resistance variation of polished aggregate after repetition of tire. The PSV method is adequate for the evaluation on polishing of coarse aggregate. From the test results of PSV method, it was founded that rock type, specific gravity, coarse aggregate angularity, flat or elongated particles in coarse aggregate are significant to the resistance characteristic of coarse aggregate.