• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.1-5
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• 2008

In and around the Korean Peninsula, 9 intraplate earthquake mechanisms since 1936 were analyzed to understand the regional stress orientation and tectonics. These earthquakes are largest ones in this century and may represent the characteristics of earthquake in this region. Focal mechanism of these earthquakes show predominant strike-slip faulting with small amount of thrust components. The average P-axis is almost horizontal ENE-WSW. This indicate that not only the subducting Pacific Plate but also the indenting Indian Plate controls earthquake mechanism in the far east of the Eurasian Plate.

• Rubber Technology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.12-26
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• 2010

각종 산업제품의 주요 부품으로 사용되고 있는 고무재료는 사용 중 온도변화에 의해 체적 또는 길이 변화를 수반할 수 있어 결과적으로 고무제품의 성능이나 효율이 영향을 받게 된다. 특히 고온에서 고무제품의 치수변화를 제한하거나 일정치수를 강제할 경우 열수축이나 열팽창에 의해 응력이 발생하게 된다. 따라서 온도 변화에 따른 열응력의 측정은 고무제품의 정밀성과 성능을 평가하는 중요한 수단을 제공한다. 본 연구에서는 고무소재의 열응력 측정을 위한 새로운 측정방법을 개발하였고 이와 관련 새로운 시험장치를 설계, 제작하였다. 고무시편에 일정 변형의 인장을 준 상태에서 가열하면 열응력이 발생한다. 이 때의 열응력은 고무분자 사슬들의 운동성에 기인하며 배향된 고무분자 사슬들이 열역학적으로 랜덤 사슬형태로 돌아가려는 엔트로피적 힘이다. 따라서 온도가 높을수록 그 수축력은 증가하게 된다. 또한 고무분자 사슬의 사전 변형이 증가하면 그 열응력은 증가한다. 이때 열응력은 측정시간이 지남에 따라 최대치에 도달한 후 완화되며 그 완화속도는 설정온도에 의해 영향을 받는다. 여기서는 온도변화에 따른 고무시편의 열응력 측정결과를 소개하고, 고무분자 사슬의 엔트로피 변화와 점탄성적 흐름, 그리고 가열에 따른 고무 시편의 팽창 또는 수축이 열응력에 미치는 영향 등을 논의하였다. 특히 천연고무와 SBR 고무시편의 열응력 차이를 분자사슬의 운동과 연관하여 검토하였고, 가교밀도와 가교시스템이 각각 다른 고무시편에 대해 열응력 발생과에 따른 상관관계를 고찰하였다. 또한 시편의 형태와 두께가 열응력 발생에 미치는 영향도 검토하였다. 충전 배합고무의 경우 열응력에 영향을 미치는 인자로 고무분자 사슬의 운동성과 가교밀도 외에 고무재료와 충전제 사이의 물리 화학적 상호작용도 매우 중요한 요소가 된다. 배합고무에서 충전제의 영향을 검토하기 위해 실리카와 카본블랙을 선택하였고 배합고무의 열응력을 각각 측정하여 이들의 보강효과가 열응력에 미치는 영향에 대해 논하였다.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.39-49
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• 2017

The factor of safety (FOS) is commonly used as an index to quantitatively state the degree of safety of various rock structures. Therefore it is important to understand the definition and characteristics of the adopted FOS because the calculated FOS may be different according to the definition of FOS even if it is estimated under the same stress condition. In this study, four local factors of safety based on maximum shear stress, maximum shear strength, stress invariants, and maximum principal stress were defined using the Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown failure criteria. Then, the variation characteristics of each FOS along five stress paths were investigated. It is shown that the local FOS based on the shear strength, which is widely used in the stability analysis of rock structures, results in a higher FOS value than those based on the maximum principal stress and the stress invariants. This result implies that the local FOS based on the maximum shear stress or the stress invariants is more necessary than the local FOS based on the shear strength when the conservative rock mechanics design is required. In addition, it is shown that the maximum principal stresses at failure may reveal a large difference depending on the stress path.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2012

Although the Mohr-Coulomb and Hoek-Brown failure criteria have been adopted widely in rock mechanics, they neglect the ${\sigma}_2$ effect. The result of true triaxial tests on rock samples, however, reveals that the ${\sigma}_2$ effect on strength of rocks is considerable, so that rock failure criteria taking into account the influence of ${\sigma}_2$ are necessary for the precise stability evaluation of rock structures. In this study, a new nonlinear 3-D failure criterion has been suggested by combining the Hoek-Brown criterion with the smooth octahedral shape function taken from Jiang & Pietruszczak (1988). The performance of the new criterion was assessed by comparing the strength predictions from both the suggested criterion and the corresponding linear 3-D criterion. The resulting fit of the new criterion to the true triaxial test data for six rock types taken from the literature shows that the criterion fits the experimental data very well. Furthermore, for the data sets having data taken in the low ${\sigma}_3$ range, the nonlinear failure criterion works better than the linear criterion.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find an inclination slope of the screw thread that is favorable in distributing the stresses to alveolar bone by using three dimensional finite element analysis. Materials and methods: Three types modelling changed implant thread with fixed pitch of 0.8 mm is the single thread implant with $3.8^{\circ}$ inclination, double thread implant with $7.7^{\circ}$ inclination and the triple thread implant with $11.5^{\circ}$ inclination. And three types implant angulation is the $0^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ on alveolar bone. The 9 modelling fabricated for three dimensional finite element analysis that restored prosthesis crown. The crown center applied on 200 N vertical load and $15^{\circ}$ tilting load. Results: 1. The more tilting of implant angulation, the more Von-Mises stress and Max principal stress is increasing. 2. Von-Mises stress and Max principal stress is increasing when applied $15^{\circ}$ tilting load than vertical load on the bone. 3. When the number of thread increased, the amount of Von-Mises stress, Max principal stress was reduced since the generated stress was effectively distributed. 4. Since the maximum principal stress affects on the alveolar bone can influence deeply on the longevity of the implants. When comparing the magnitude of the maximum principal stress, the triple thread implant had a least amount of stress. This shows that the triple thread implant gave a best result. Conclusion: A triple thread implant to increase in the thread slope inclination and number of thread is more effective on the distribution of stress than the single and double thread implants especially, implant angulation is more tilting than $10^{\circ}$ on alveolar bone. Thus, effective combination of thread number and thread slope inclination can help prolonging the longevity of implant.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.141.1-141.1
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• 2005

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.177-185
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• 2016

This work investigates whether stress changes induced by an earthquake can be estimated using the deformation measured by high-resolution borehole strainmeters. We estimate the changes in the orientation and magnitude of the principal compression stresses using borehole strainmeter data recorded before and after the M7.2 El Mayor-Cucapah earthquake on April 4, 2010. Clear differences in the stress orientations and magnitudes are apparent before and after the event. The change in stress orientation appears related to subtle increases of stress in the tectonic maximum principal orientation, which is in agreement with the earthquake focal mechanism solution. The sudden stress drop at the onset of the earthquake was 10⁻³-10⁻² MPa in the principal orientations. The Coulomb stress transfer model, which can estimate stress transfer, predicts a shear stress increase of (0.1-0.6) × 10⁻² MPa at the strainmeter site, which is in line with the measured data (0.3-0.8) × 10⁻² MPa. Overall, our results suggest that borehole strainmeter data reflect the subtle stress changes associated with earthquake occurrence, and that such data can be utilized for earthquake-related research.

• Geotechnical Engineering
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.65-76
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• 1990

A series of consolidated drained and untrained cubical triaxial tests were performed to investigate three dimensional strength characteristics of compressible sand. All specimens, which are formed by deposisting a fine sand loosely, were used. Failure strength in terms of effective stress analysis was greatly influenced by the variation of intermediate principal stress and so was failure criterion The adjusted effective frictional angles obtained by the stress state projected on the same octahedral plane showed almost same value, while the measured effective frictional angles showed considerable difference depending on the drainage conditions. Results of total stress analysis in undrained test turned out to fit Tresca's failure criterion well, but results of effective stress analysis turned out to fit Lade's failure criterion well.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.371-392
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the stress distribution according to the inclinations of abutments and angulations of the implant fixtures under occlusal loading force. Three study models with straight and $15^{\circ}$ and $25^{\circ}$-angled abutments were prepared following the insertion of Implants parallel to the long axis of the tooth. Additional two experimental models were fabricated with $15^{\circ}$ and $25^{\circ}$ fixture inclinations. Using ANSYS 11, a finite element analysis program, the magnitudes of stress distribution were analyzed. The magnitude of stress under loading was lowest when the load was applied vertically onto the axis of implant. And the magnitude of stress under compound(vertical+oblique) loading was increased as the inclination of implant abutment and fixture was increase. But, the distribution of stress was different as the loading conditions, because of the horizontal offset. As the offset between the axis of loading and the central axis of the implant increased, the stress was increased.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.255-262
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• 2008

Late Cretaceous to early Tertiary paleostress was evaluated by analyzing the healed microcracks in the Cretaceous granite of the Goheung area, south Korea. Healed microcracks in five granite samples (GH-1, GH-3, GH-4, GH-5, GH-8) were investigated and measured according to direction. The directions of maximum horizontal principal stress in GH-1, GH-3, and GH-4 are dominantly $N60^{\circ}W\;and\;N70^{\circ}E,\;N20^{\circ}W\;and\;N50^{\circ}W$, while minor directions are N-S and $N30^{\circ}E$. In GH-5 and GH-8, $N40^{\circ}E\;and\;N10^{\circ}E$ are the most dominant directions, while $N40^{\circ}W$ is the minor direction. Thus overall, the most dominant directions of healed microcracks in the study area are oriented $N60^{\circ}W$, while minor directions are oriented $N20^{\circ}W,\;N20^{\circ}E\;and\;N70^{\circ}E$, essentially NE. Combining the paleostress results of this study with other studies, the direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress in the study area during the late Cretaceous to the early Tertiary should perhaps be changed WNW to NE. The reason for this is thought to be the complex tectonic movements which occurred in northeast Asia at that time.