• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.20-26
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• 2008

This study investigated the antioxidative effect of mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris L.) extracts in hairless mouse skin from oxidative stress induced by UV-irradiation. After topical application on hairless mouse back with basic skin lotion group (control), ascorbic acid group (AA-0.5%, AA-1.0%, AA-2.0%, and AA-5.0%), and mugwort extract group (ME-0.5%, ME-1.0%, ME-2.0%, and ME-5.0%), the animals were irradiated to increasing doses of UVB (60 $mJ{\sim}100$ mJ) for 4 weeks. Hydrogen peroxide of hairless mouse skin homogenate significantly decreased in 2% (p<0.05) and 5% (p<0.05) of ME and AA groups. Hydroxyl radicals were decreased significantly in both of 2% and 5% ME groups as compared to AA groups (p<0.05). Oxidative stress levels deduced by oxidized protein contents were greatly decreased ($14.6{\sim}18.5%$) in all ME treatment groups, while only at 2% of AA treatment group. Lipid peroxide contents were greatly inhibited in all ME and AA treatment groups (p<0.01). Application of ME significantly increased catalase activity, over 25% in all mugwort and AA groups. Glutathione peroxidase activities were increased up to $20.5%{\sim}32.8%$ in 2.0% and 5% ME groups, whereas it increased in all AA groups. These results suggested that mugwort extract was more effective than that of ascorbic acid in protecting hairless mouse skin from photo-irradiation, and can be used as an potential anti-aging cosmetic ingredients.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.61-67
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• 2007

In this study, the antioxidative effects of Equisetum arvense extracts were investigated. The free radical (1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}$) of extract/fractions of Equisetum arvense was in the order: 50 % ethanol extract ($182.04{\mu}g/mL$) < ethylacetate fraction ($54.50{\mu}g/mL$) < deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction ($14.13{\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of some Equisetum arvense extracts on ROS generated in $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ system were investigated using the luminol- dependent chemiluminescence assay. The order of ROS scavenging activity was deglycosylated flavonoid aglycone fraction ($OSC_{50}$, $3.54{\mu}g/mL$) < 50 % ethanol extract ($0.80{\mu}g/mL$) < ethylacetate fraction ($0.006{\mu}g/mL$). Ethylacetate fraction showed the most prominent scavenging activity. The protective effects of extract/fractions of Equisetum arvense on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were investigated. The ethanol extract (50%) suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner, particularly deglycosylated aglycone extract exhibited the most prominent celluar protective effect ($\tau_{50}$, 161.10 min at $10{\mu}g/mL$). These results indicate that extract/fractions of Equisetum arvense can function as antioxidants in biological systems, particularly skin exposed to UV radiation by scavenging $^1O_2$ and other ROS, and protect cellular membranes against ROS.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.189-198
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• 2011

In the present paper two new thiosemicarbazones i.e., 4[N-(4'-ethylbenzalidene)amino]antipyrine thiosemicarbazone (EBAAPTS) and 4[N-(2',4'-dimethylbenzalidene)amino]antipyrine thiosemicarbazone (DMBAAPTS) have been synthesized and characterized. The complexing abilities of these thiosemicarbazones i.e. EBAAPTS and DMBAAPTS towards cobalt(II) and nickel(II) salts have been explored. The reactions of the hot ethanolic solutions of cobalt(II) and nickel(II) salts with EBAAPTS and DMBAAPTS led to the formation of the novel complexes of general composition [$MX_2(L)H_2O$] (M=$Co^{2+}$ or $Ni^{2+}$; X=$Cl^-$, $Br^-$, $NO_3^-$, $NCS^-$ or $CH_3COO^-$; L=EBAAPTS or DMBAAPTS). The newly synthesized complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, molar mass, molar conductance, magnetic susceptibility, infrared and electronic spectral studies. The molar conductance measurements of the complexes in nitrobenzene correspond to their non-electrolytic nature. All the complexes are of high-spin type. On the basis of spectral studies an octahedral geometry has been assigned for Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes of the type [$MX_2(L)H_2O$]. These complexes were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities on different species of pathogens, fungi and bacteria and their biopotency has been discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2010

Indium oxide $(In_2O_3)$ thin films have been prepared on glass substrate by using radio-frequency reactive magnetron sputtering with changing the oxygen flow ratio. The substrate temperature was kept at a fixed value of $400^{\circ}C$, and the sputtering gas and reactive gas were supplied with argon and oxygen, respectively. The oxygen partial flow ratio was varied by controlling the amount of oxygen with respect to the total mixed gases, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%. The optical, electrical, and structural properties of the deposited thin films were investigated by using ultraviolet-visible-near infrared spectrophotometer, Hall measurement, and X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy. The $In_2O_3$ thin film deposited at 20% of oxygen flow ratio showed an average transmittance of 86% in the wavelength range of 430~1,100 nm, an electrical resistivity of $1.1{\times}10^{-1}{\Omega}cm$. The results show that the transparent conducting films with optimum conditions can be achieved by controlling the oxygen flow ratio.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.11
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• pp.1540-1545
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• 2012

To investigate the inhibitory effects of Lespedeza cuneataextract (LC) on photo aging, skin aging was induced by UVB irradiation of hairless mice for 5 weeks. The skin erythema indices for the positive control (PC) and Lespedeza cuneata extract (LC-1%, 3%, and 5%) groups were lower than that of the control group. However, both lipid and water capacities of the PC and LC-3% groups were significantly higher than those of the control group. Skin wrinkles in the PC and LC-3% groups formed in a pattern of shallow furrows and thin crests. Skin TBARS contents and XO activity in the LC group were lower than those of the control group. The activities of GSH, SOD, and CAT in the LC-3% group were significant higher than those of the control group. Therefore, Lespedeza cuneata extract could be an effective natural herbal material for the inhibition of skin aging in hairless mice skin.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.427-431
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• 2012

This study was conducted to monitor and evaluate microbial contamination during manufacturing process in 6 red pepper powder factories. Red pepper powder samples were taken from manufacturing facilitates, working area and workers' hands to determine sanitary indicator bacteria (SIB) such as aerobic bacteria and coliform group as well as pathogenic indicator bacteria (PIB) such as Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and Bacillus cereus. The results indicated that SIB in primary materials was detected as low as 3 log units and E.coil and Staphylococcus aureus of PIB were detected. After grinding process, aerobic bacteria, fungi, and coliform group increased 52% and 108%, respectively. In final products, PIB was not detected except for one found Staphylococcus aureus by which workers' hands were contaminated. Moreover, UV detectors in all the manufacturers were not able to reduce bacteria. Thus, this data suggest that a stringent safety management be needed to prevent cross contamination, and also reconsider effectiveness of facility.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.217-223
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• 2008

Elastin is an important component of elastic fibers in the skin. Recently, many studies have reported that elastin is also involved In inhibiting or repairing wrinkle formation, although collagen is a major factor in the skin wrinkle formation. Elastase is a metalloproteinase which acts on degradation of elastin. It is known that elastase activity is increased by ultraviolet (UV) B radiation. Thus, Increased elastase activity could be the major reason for skin elasticity reduction and winkle formation. Tannic acid is a polyphenol found in various fruits and nuts. This molecule has a potent ability to eliminate reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species. In the present study, we investigated whether tannic acid has effects on elastase activity and tropoelastin synthesis. Our results showed that tannic acid reduced elastase activity significantly in a dose-dependent manner. However, the expression of tropoelastin protein and mRNA was not significantly affected by tannic acid. From these results, we suggest that tannic acid may contribute to block tortuosity of elastic fibers by inhibiting elastase. Thus, tannic acid might be developed for a possible agent to Inhibit skin aging.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2019

$Bi_2MoO_6$ catalysts were successfully synthesized using ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME), glycerol (GL), ethylene glycol (EG), and water as solvents by a conventional hydrothermal method. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by XRD, DRS, BET, SEM, and PL, and we also investigated the photocatalytic activity of these materials for the decomposition of Rhodamin B under visible light irradiation. The XRD results revealed the successful synthesis of 12-18 nm, well-crystallized ${\gamma}-Bi_2MoO_6$ crystals with an Aurivillius structure regardless of solvent. In addition, the $Bi_2MoO_6$ catalysts prepared below $140^{\circ}C$ showed an amorphous phase; however, those prepared above $160^{\circ}C$ showed well-crystallized ${\gamma}-Bi_2MoO_6$ crystals. All the catalysts have a similar absorption spectrum from the ultraviolet region up to the visible region less than 470 nm. This result suggests that all the $Bi_2MoO_6$ catalysts are potential visible-light-driven photocatalysts. The $Bi_2MoO_6$ catalysts prepared using EGME as a solvent showed the highest photocatalytic activity. In addition, the $Bi_2MoO_6$ catalysts prepared at $180^{\circ}C$ showed the highest photocatalytic activity. The PL peaks appeared at about 560 nm at all catalysts and the excitonic PL signal was proportional to the photocatalytic activity for the decomposition of Rhodamin B. This suggests that the stronger the PL intensity, the larger the amount of oxygen vacancies and defects, and the higher the photocatalytic activity.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.596-606
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• 2016

The growth and contents of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid in lettuce(Lactuca sativa L., 'Jeokchima') as affected by supplemental UV-A LED irradiation under different light quality and photoperiod conditions were analyzed in this study. Five light qualities, namely B (blue LED), R (red LED), BUV (blue LED+UV-A LED), RUV (red LED+UV-A LED) and Control (white fluorescent lamps) with photoperiods of 12/12 hours (day/night), 16/8 hours, or 20/4 hours were provided to investigate the effects of light quality and photoperiod on the growth and accumulation of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid in lettuce leaves. As measured 28 days after transplanting, the number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, shoot fresh weight and dry weight of lettuce were significantly affected by light quality and photoperiod. The number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, shoot fresh weight and dry weight of lettuce grown under R treatment increased with increasing light period. By contrast, leaf development was inhibited, but chlorophyll content increased, under B treatment. Supplemental UV-A irradiation significantly decreased leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and shoot fresh weight. Anthocyanins in lettuce increased significantly with decreasing dark period under B treatment. A synergistic effect of supplemental UV-A LED irradiation on anthocyanins accumulation was found for lettuce leaves grown under R treatment but not B treatment. Ascorbic acid in lettuce was greatly affected by photoperiod. Ascorbic acid content at BUV and RUV treatments increased by 20-30% compared to without UV-A LED irradiation. From these results, it was concluded that growth and contents of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid in lettuce are significantly affected by supplemental UV-A LED irradiation. The results obtained in this study will be informative for efforts to improve the nutritional value of leafy vegetables grown in plant factories.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.646-652
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• 2004

With the aim of using a cosmetic material, chondroitin sulfates extracted from midduck tunics (Styela clava) and munggae tunics (Halocynthia roretzi) were examined in vitro with two cell lines for cell toxicity, collagen synthesis, cell growth and recovery ability after U.V. irradiation. Cell toxicity test with A 431 and CCD 1108Sk was able to observe high activity between 400 and 600 $\mu\textrm{g}$/m while standard chondroitin sulfate (CS) purchased from Sigma was showed at 80 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Even fraction 1 and 2 collected from chondroitin sulfates originated from midduck appeared having the highest activity between 600 and 1000 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, but slightly lower compared to crude chondroitin sulfates from both mideduck and munggae. In cell growth examination, it was not able to find significant differences between chondroitin sulfates used. Both crude chondroitin sulfates were exhibited the highest activity for two cell lines except that of mideduck which was showed activity for CCD 1108Sk. CS, fraction 1 and 2 from midduck were not able to demonstrate a significant activity in collagen synthesis. On the contrary, crude chondroitin sulfates from both munggae and midduck were showed the highest activity at 100 and 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL with only CCD 1108Sk. The recovery ability after U.V. irradiation with crude chondroitin sulfates from both munggae and midduck were showed high activity at 400 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL with CCD 1108Sk and A 431. But there were no activity observed in fractions examined, As a consequence, the crude chondroitin sulfates from both munggae and midduck might not only be available as a cosmetic material but also useful for increasing some activity by blending properly.