Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.12972/kjhst.20160061

Growth and Contents of Anthocyanins and Ascorbic Acid in Lettuce as Affected by Supplemental UV-A LED Irradiation with Different Light Quality and Photoperiod  

Kim, Yong Hyeon (Department of Bioindustrial Machinery Engineering, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Chonbuk National University)
Lee, Jae Su (Department of Bioindustrial Precision Machinery Engineering, Graduate School, Chonbuk National University)
Publication Information
Horticultural Science & Technology / v.34, no.4, 2016 , pp. 596-606 More about this Journal
Abstract
The growth and contents of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid in lettuce(Lactuca sativa L., 'Jeokchima') as affected by supplemental UV-A LED irradiation under different light quality and photoperiod conditions were analyzed in this study. Five light qualities, namely B (blue LED), R (red LED), BUV (blue LED+UV-A LED), RUV (red LED+UV-A LED) and Control (white fluorescent lamps) with photoperiods of 12/12 hours (day/night), 16/8 hours, or 20/4 hours were provided to investigate the effects of light quality and photoperiod on the growth and accumulation of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid in lettuce leaves. As measured 28 days after transplanting, the number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, shoot fresh weight and dry weight of lettuce were significantly affected by light quality and photoperiod. The number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, shoot fresh weight and dry weight of lettuce grown under R treatment increased with increasing light period. By contrast, leaf development was inhibited, but chlorophyll content increased, under B treatment. Supplemental UV-A irradiation significantly decreased leaf length, leaf width, leaf area and shoot fresh weight. Anthocyanins in lettuce increased significantly with decreasing dark period under B treatment. A synergistic effect of supplemental UV-A LED irradiation on anthocyanins accumulation was found for lettuce leaves grown under R treatment but not B treatment. Ascorbic acid in lettuce was greatly affected by photoperiod. Ascorbic acid content at BUV and RUV treatments increased by 20-30% compared to without UV-A LED irradiation. From these results, it was concluded that growth and contents of anthocyanins and ascorbic acid in lettuce are significantly affected by supplemental UV-A LED irradiation. The results obtained in this study will be informative for efforts to improve the nutritional value of leafy vegetables grown in plant factories.
Keywords
antioxidation; artificial lighting source; phytochemicals; plant factory; ultraviolet;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 4  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Son KH, Park JH, Kim DI, Oh MM (2012) Leaf shape index, growth, and phytochemicals in two leaf lettuce cultivars grown under monochromatic light-emitting diodes. Korean J Hortic Sci Technol 30:664-672. doi:10.7235/hort.2012.12063   DOI
2 Steindal ALH, Molmann J, Bengtsson GB, Johansen TJ (2013) Influence of daylength and temperature on the content of health-related compounds in Broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica ). Agric Food Chem 61:10779-10786. doi:10.1021/jf403466r   DOI
3 Suesslin C, Frohnmeyer H (2003) An Arabidopsis mutant defective in UV-B light-mediated responses. Plant J 33:591-601. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313X.2003.01649.x   DOI
4 Tsormpatsidis E, Henbest RGC, Davis FJ, Battey NH, Hadley P, Wagstaffe A (2008) UV irradiance as a major influence on growth, development and secondary products of commercial importance in Lollo Rosso lettuce 'Revolution' grown under polyethylene films. Environ Exp Bot 63:232-239. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2007.12.002   DOI
5 Uleberg E, Rohloff J, Jaakola L, Trost K, Junttila O, Haggman H (2012) Effects of temperature and photoperiod on yield and chemical composition of northern and southern clones of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.). J Agric Food Chem 60:10406-10414. doi:10.1021/jf302924m   DOI
6 Wang Y, Zhou B, Sun M, Li Y, Kawabata S (2012) UV-A light induces anthocyanin biosynthesis in a manner distinct from synergistic blue + UV-B light and UV-A/blue light responses in different parts of the hypocotyls in turnip seedlings. Plant Cell Physiol 53:1470-1480. doi:10.1093/pcp/pcs088   DOI
7 Wenke L, Qichang Y (2012) Effects of day-night supplemental UV-A on growth, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant system of pea seedlings in glasshouse. Afr J Biotechnol 11:14786-14791. doi:10.5897/AJB12.2020
8 Zoratti L, Karppinen K, Escobar AL, Haggman H, Jaakol L (2014) Light-controlled flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits. Frontires in Plant Science 5:534. doi:10.3389/fpls.2014.00534   DOI
9 Brandt K, Giannini A, Lercari B (1995) Photomorphogenic responses to UV radiation III: a comparative study of UVB effects on anthocyanin and flavonoid accumulation in wild-type and aurea mutant of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Photochem Photobiol 62:1081-1087. doi:10.1111/j.1751-1097.1995.tb02412.x   DOI
10 Basahi JM, Ismail IM, Hassan IA (2014) Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation and drought stress on photosynthrtic performance of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. Romaine) plants. Anuual Research & Review in Biology 4:1739-1756. doi:10.9734/ARRB/2014/6638   DOI
11 Fuleki T, Francis FJ (1968) Quantitative methods for anthocyanins. 1. Extration and determination of total anthocyanins in cranberries. J Food Sci 33:72-77. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2621.1968.tb00887.x   DOI
12 Brazaityte A, Virsile A, Jankauskiene J, Sakalauskiene S, Samuoliene G, Sirtautas R, Novickovas A, Dabasinskas L, Miliauskiene J, et al (2015) Effect of supplemental UV-A irradiation in solid-state lighting on the growth and phytochemical content of microgreens. Int Agrophys 29:13-22. doi:10.1515/intag-2015-0004   DOI
13 Britt AB, Chen JJ, Wykoff D, Mitchell D (1993) A UV-sensitive mutant of Arabidopsis defective in the repair of pyrimidine- pyrimidinone(6-4) dimers. Science 261:1571-1574. doi:10.1126/science 8372351   DOI
14 Carvalho IS, Cavaco T, Carvalho LM, Duque P (2010) Effect of photoperiod on flavonoid pathway activity in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) leaves. Food Chem 118:384-390. doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.05.005   DOI
15 Erkan M, Wang SY, Wang CY (2008) Effect of UV treatment on antioxidant capacity, antioxidant enzyme activity and decay in strawberry fruit. Postharvest Biol Technol 48:163-171. doi:10.1016/j.postharvbio.2007.09.028   DOI
16 Frohnmeyer H, Staiger D (2003) Ultraviolet-B radiation mediated responses in plants. Balancing damage and protection. Plant Physiol 133:1420-1428. doi:10.1104/pp.103.030049   DOI
17 Giliberto L, Perrotta G, Pallara P, Weller JL, Fraser PD, Bramley PM, Fiore A, Tavazza M, Giuliano G (2005) Manipulation of the blue light photoreceptor cryptochrome 2 in tomato affects vegetative development, flowering time, and fruit antioxidant content. Plant Physiol 137:199-208. doi:10.1104/pp.104.051987   DOI
18 Johkan M, Shoji K, Goto F, Hashida S, Yoshihara T (2010) Blue light-emitting diode light irradiation of seedlings improves seedling quality and growth after transplanting in red leaf lettuce. HortScience 45:1809-1814
19 Goins GD, Yorio NC, Sanwo MM, Brown CS (1997) Photomorphogenesis, photosynthesis, and seed yield of wheat plants grown under red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with and without supplemental blue lighting. J Exp Bot 48:1407-1413. doi:10.1093/ jxb/48.7.1407   DOI
20 Jansen MAK, Gaba V, Greenberg BM (1998) Higher plants and UV-B radiation: balancing damage, repair and acclimation. Trends Plant Sci 3:131-135. doi:10.1016/S1360-1385(98)01215-1   DOI
21 Lee DW, Gould KS (2002) Anthocyanins in leaves and other vegetative organs: An introduction. Adv Bot Res 37:1-16. doi:10.1016/ S0065-2296(02)37040-X
22 Kim YH, Park ES, Kim JM (2006) Seedling quality of potato 'Superior' seedlings as affected by plug cell size and photoperiod. Proceedings Korean J Bio-environ Control 15:308-312
23 Kong JM, Chia LS, Goh NK, Chia TF, Brouillard R (2003) Analysis and biological activities of anthocyanins. Phytochemistry 64:923-933. doi:10.1016/S0031-9422(03)00438-2   DOI
24 Korea Food and Drug Administration (2008) Food standard codex. Korean Food Industry Association, Seoul, Korea
25 Lee HI, Kim YH (2013) Utilization efficiencies of electric energy and photosynthetically active radiation of lettuce grown under red LED, blue LED and fluorescent lamps with different photoperiods. J Biosystems Eng 38:279-286. doi:10.5307/JBE.2013.38.4.279   DOI
26 Li H, Tang C, Xu Z, Liu X, Han X (2012) Effects of different light sources on the growth of nonheading chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.). J Agric Sci 4:262-273. doi:10.5539/jas.v4n4p262
27 Lee JS, Kim YH (2014) Growth and anthocyanins of lettuce grown under red or blue light-emitting diodes with distinct peak wavelength. Korean J Hortic Sci Technol 32:330-339. doi:10.7235/hort.2014.13152   DOI
28 Lee MJ, Son JE, Oh MM (2014) Growth and phenolic compounds of Lactuca sativa L. grown in a closed-type plant production system with UV-A, -B, or -C lamp. J Sci Food Agric 94:197-204. doi:10.1002/jsfa.6227   DOI
29 Lercari B, Sodi F, Sbrana C (1989) Comparison of Photomorphogenic Responses to UV Light in Red and White Cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). Plant Physiol 90:345-350. doi:10.1104/pp.90.1.345   DOI
30 Li Q, Kubota C (2009) Effects of supplemental light quality on growth and phytochemicals of baby leaf lettuce. Environ Exp Bot 67:59- 64. doi:10.1016/j.envexpbot.2009.06.011   DOI
31 Park JE, Park YG, Jeong BR, Hwang SJ (2012) Growth and anthocyanin content of lettuce as affected by artificial light source and photoperiod in a closed-type plant production system. Korean J Hortic Sci Technol 30:673-679. doi:10.7235/hort.2012.12020   DOI
32 Lila MA (2004) Anthocyanins and human health: An in vitro investigative approach. J Biomed Biotechnol 2004:306-313. doi:10.1155/ S111072430440401X   DOI
33 Mahdavian K, Ghorbanli M, Kalantari KM (2008) The Effects of ultraviolet radiation on the contents of chlorophyll, flavonoid, anthocyanin and proline in Capsicum annuum L. Turk J Bot 32:25-33
34 Moan J (2001) Visible light and UV radiation. In D Brune, R Helborg, BRR Persson, R Paakkonen, eds, Radiation at home, outdoors and in the workplace. Scandinavian Science Publishers, Oslo, Norway
35 Ninu L, Ahmad M, Miarelli C, Cashmore AR, Giuliano G (1999) Cryptochrome 1 controls tomato development in response to blue light. Plant J 18:551-556. doi:10.1046/j.1365-313X.1999.00466.x   DOI
36 Oren-Shamir M (2009) Does anthocyanin degradation play a significant role in determining pigment concentration in plants? Plant Sci 177:310-316. doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2009.06.015   DOI
37 Piazza P, Procissi A, Jenkins IG, Tonelli C (2002) Members of the C1/pl1 regulatory gene family mediate the response of maize aleurone and mesocotyl to different light qualities and cytokinins. Plant Physiol 128:1077-1086. doi:10.1104/pp.010799   DOI
38 Reyes LF, Miller JC, Cisneros-Zevallos L (2004) Environmental conditions influence the content and yield of anthocyanins and total phenolic in purple- and red-flesh potatoes during tuber development. Am J Potato Res 81:187-193. doi:10.1007/BF02871748   DOI
39 Samuoliene G, Sirtautas R, Brazaityte A, Virš ile A, Duchovskis P (2012) Supplementary red LED lighting and the changes in phytochemical content of two baby leaf lettuce varieties during three seasons. J Food Agric Environ 10:701-706
40 Scott, LC (1999) Environmental significance of anthocyanins in plant stress responses. Photochem Photobiol 70:1-9. doi:10.1111/ j.1751-1097.1999.tb01944.x   DOI