• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 1997

Tectonic movements in the Mesozoic were significant events to structural evolution in East China, so far as to West Pacific area. Typical Mesozoic structures were formed and outcropped in Yanshanian mountain area in which Yanshanian movement was named. It is generally considered that the most of outcropping structures in this area were formed in Yanshanian movement. But general studies indicated recently that more than half of the folds were formed in Yanshanian movement. But general studies indicated recently that more than half of the folds were formed and most of fault were in great reverse activity during Indosinian movement in Late-Triassic epoch. The tectonic dynamics setting of Indosinian move ment is a N-S compressive stress system originated by northward movement of Sino-Korean massif and its collison with Xingan-Mongolia fold zone. A series of closed folds (nearly E-W axial trace)and some overturned folds were formed in Indosinian movement and incoaxially superposed by Yanshanian deformation, Faulting characteristcs in the area were thrust faulting caused by compressive stress in Indosinian movement, some of which appear to be positive structural inversion, and oblique-thrust caused by compressive-shear in Yanshanian movement.

• 한국노년학
• /
• v.41 no.2
• /
• pp.241-251
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural relationship between the elderly's participation in exercise, cognitive function, and life satisfaction. The participants of this study consisted of 2491 elderly people who were the subjects of the 2017 elderly survey. The measuring tools were the cognitive function scale and the life satisfaction inventory. Participation in exercise used exercise time for one week. The collected data was analyzed through SPSS and AMOS 18 version. The results of this study were as follows. First, exercise participation was found to have a positive effect on the cognitive function of the elderly. Second, participation in exercise had significant effect on the life satisfaction of the elderly. Third, it was found that the cognitive function of the elderly had a positive effect on life satisfaction. Finally, it was found that cognitive function was as a mediator in the relationship between exercise participation and life satisfaction of the elderly. Various discussions on the structural relationship between the elderly's participation in exercise, cognitive function, and life satisfaction were presented.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
• /
• v.55 no.2
• /
• pp.603-615
• /
• 2016

This study was conducted by performing intensities aerobic exercise for 12 weeks, three times a week targeting 28 middle aged women. The purpose of this study was analyzing factors which affect cognitive function and changes of blood pressure, renin-aldosterone system, neurotransmitter, cognitive function and working memory after treatment. The participants were divided into three groups which are the control group(n=9, non exercise), moderate intensity aerobic exercise group(n=10, 50%V02max), high intensity aerobic exercise group(n=9, 70%V02max). The two-way ANOVA(repeated measure) and multiple regression analysis were carried out to target those three groups before and after treatment. The results were as follows like this. The moderate intensity aerobic exercise increased renin, brain derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF), cognitive function and working memory. Also, it reduced aldosterone, angiotensinII and aldosterone-renin ratio. The high intensity aerobic exercise showed increase BDNF, cognitive function and working memory and decrease systolic. As a result of a multiple regression analysis of factors affecting cognitive function after intensities aerobic exercise, the moderate intensity aerobic exercise affected diastolic blood pressure, decrease of aldosterone-renin ratio and working memory. Also, an increase of BDNF affected cognitive function, the high intensity aerobic exercise affected working memory BDNF and an increase of serotonin affected cognitive function. Therefore, It could be seen that more than moderate intensity exercise increase woman's cognitive function and working memory. Also, there were metabolic factors which affect the increase of cognitive function. To moderate intensity exercise, renin-aldosterone and working memory affected to increase of cognitive function. For high intensity exercise, BDNF and working memory affected to it.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.13 no.10
• /
• pp.587-595
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate exploring the field application of combined cognitive-motor learning program based on proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and Bartenieff Fundamental program. The combined cognitive-motor learning program(CC) was applied to the 10 MCI elder while 10 elder in occupational therapy(OT) took cognitive learning class. MMSE-K, Time up & go test(TUG), Tandem gait test(TA), GQOL-D were measured and analyzed. The collected data were analyzed by Independent & Paired T-test. The results were as follows: Both groups showed similar learning effect in MMSE-K test. However, in TA & GQOL-D test, CC group showed significant learning effect than OT group. From these result, we conclude that combined cognitive-motor learning program is valuable as alternative program for cognitive development and social development as well as physical development of MCI elder.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.751-761
• /
• 2014

이 연구의 목적은 과학적 예상 과정에서 초등학생의 안구운동을 분석하여 과학적 예상의 인지전략을 발견하는 것이다. 예상은 관찰, 측정, 추론과 같은 기초 탐구 과정들을 통해 문제를 해결하는 중요한 탐구 능력이다. 6학년 초등학생 40명이 자발적으로 이 연구에 참여했으며, 과학적 예상 두 과제를 해결하였다. 예상 과제는 점진적으로 변화하는 모형의 다음 모양을 예상하는 것과 14일 간의 기온 그래프를 보고 다음 5일간의 기온을 예상하는 과제였다. 과학적 예상 과정에서 참가자들의 안구 운동을 기록하기 위해 SMI사의 안구운동 추적기를 사용하였다. 40명의 참가자들 중 15명(그룹 A)은 두 과제를 모두 해결하였으며, 17명(그룹 B)은 하나의 과제만 해결하였고, 8명(그룹 C)은 두 과제 모두 해결하지 못했다. 예상 능력이 높은 학생과 낮은 학생의 인지 전략의 차이를 규명하기 위해 그룹 A와 그룹 C의 안구운동을 비교 분석하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 그룹 A는 짧은 시간 동안 문제를 읽고 문제의 주요어에 집중했으며, 단서들을 비교하고 경향성을 찾고 답을 재확인하는 활발한 움직임을 보였다. 그룹 C는 문제 자체를 이해하는데 긴 시간이 걸렸으며, 주요어와 단서를 찾지 못하고, 무의미한 짧고 빠른 도약 안구 운동을 보였다. 둘째, 그룹 A와 C의 안구 운동의 고정, 도약, 시선 경로를 분석한 결과, 6가지의 안구 운동 패턴이 나타났다. 셋째, 안구운동 분석결과를 토대로 참가자들의 인지 전략을 유동전략과 고착전략의 두 가지로 구분하였다. 본 연구에서 규명한 과학적 예상의 인지전략은 교사들이 과학적 예상의 문제 해결 단계에서 학생들이 겪는 어려움을 이해하고, 예상 능력을 향상시키는 프로그램을 개발하는 것에 도움이 될 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.9 no.5
• /
• pp.219-229
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among Exercising Activity, muscle mass, Muscular strength and cognitive function of 274 elderly people aged 65 years and older living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do As for the data collection methods, were measured the Exercising Activity, muscle mass and muscular strength and the Korean version of Mini Mental State Examination(MMSE-K) and digit span test were measured. The results are as follows First, there was a statistically significant correlation between Exercising activity, muscle mass, muscular strength, and cognitive function of the elderly. Second, Exercising activity of the elderly showed a positive (+) influence on muscle mass, muscular strength, and cognitive function. Third, the muscle mass of the elderly showed a statistically significant (+) influence on muscular strength and cognitive function. Fourth, the strength of the elderly showed a positive (+) influence on cognitive function.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.229-237
• /
• 2021

Among the elderly and patients with mild brain diseases (such as dementia and stroke), when there is a certain degree of self-acting ability and cognitive ability, exercise and cognitive rehabilitation are often required. However, since most of the existing rehabilitation systems are separated or specialized in exercise or cognitive rehabilitation, there is a need for a form linking both. In this paper, we propose a game-type rehabilitation system that enables both exercise and cognitive rehabilitation using CAN communication protocol, one of ICT technologies. This system uses the CAN BUS structure to separate and combine each individual module constituting the rehabilitation system in various forms. A prototype of the proposed system was actually produced to show that various types of rehabilitation environments can be implemented according to the degree of cognitive ability and motor ability of the patient (or the elderly). In addition, through several experiments using this system, it is possible to implement exercise/cognitive parallel rehabilitation applicable to various environments.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2018.05a
• /
• pp.407-408
• /
• 2018

본 연구는 여성노인을 대상으로 안구운동 훈련을 적용하여 인지기능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 하였다. 대상자는 65세 이상 여성 노인 8명을 선정하였고 안구운동은 급속안구운동을 4주 동안 적용하여 사건관련 전위 중 P300을 활용하여 그 변화를 측정하였다. 그 결과 p300의 전위값은 유의하게 상승하였고, 잠복기는 유의하게 짧아졌다. 결론적으로 여성노인에게 적용한 급성안구운동은 뇌의 긍정적 변화를 나타내 인지기능 향상에 영향을 준다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-24
• /
• 2013

The elderly population continues to increase in Korea and there has been a growing interest in understanding normal aging. In response to this public interest, the present paper reviewed human aging research focusing on recently published neuroimaging studies. For the first half of the paper, I reviewed the effects of aging on the brain and cognition. In normal aging, structural changes in the brain include atrophy and volume reduction in the prefrontal and temporal cortices. Functional changes are exhibited in the form of overactivation of the brain. Moreover, age-related cognitive decline is particularly observed in inhibition and memory, which are also associated with the age-related structural changes in the brain. For the second half of the paper, I introduced physical exercise studies showing that exercise played a protective role in the age-related neurocognitive decline. More specifically, engaging in physical exercise (particularly, aerobic exercise) for a relatively long period of time (e. g., > 6 mon.) protected older adults from volume loss in the prefrontal cortex and the hippocampus, and induced better inhibition and memory. These exercise-induced benefits appear to be associated with changes in neuronal levels, indicating that the aging brain is still plastic and this plasticity can be enhanced by physical exercise.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.373-380
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of recreational exercise on cognition, depression, dynamic balance and leg strength in elderly women. This study was nonequivalent control group pre-post test design. Subjects were divided into two group(exercise group=14, control group=13). Experimental group conducted recreational exercise program for eight-week. Cognition was assessed by K-WAIS(object assembly & digit symbol) and depression were assessed by questionnaire. Dynamic balance(DB) and leg strength(LS) were assessed by 244cm up & go and sit to stand respectively. The collected data analyzed by Wilcoxon singed rank test and Mann-Whitney U test. The exercise group significantly improved cognition(object assembly) and DB, but control group significantly reduced DB. DB in exercise group were significantly greater than in control group after eight-week. The program was effective on cognition and dynamic balance in elderly women.