• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.457-467
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• 2022

This study explored the effects of year-long plant observation activities as a strategy for classroom management on third-grade elementary school students. To examine the effects of the activities, plant observations were described according to the time of sequence and the observation types and students' epistemic emotions were analyzed. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, steady plant observation activities caused meaningful changes in the students' observation types. Second, it induced the students' active participation with positive emotions. That is, the plant observation activities allowed the students to observe using various senses, raised their interest and curiosity, and thus resulted in satisfactory learning experiences while having fun during participation.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.35-48
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze inquiry activities in the middle school science textbooks focused on the unit 'Nutrition of Plants' of the 2007 revision curriculum and the corresponding unit 'The Structure and Function of Plants' of the 7th curriculum in terms of content, process and contexts of inquiries. The average number of the inquiry activities in the unit 'Nutrition of Plants' was 9.2, which was a 3.8 decrease than in the unit 'Structure and Function of Plants'. In the respective of process of the inquiry activities, 'observation' was most prevailing in the basic inquiry process and 'data interpretation' was most prevailing in the integrated inquiry process in both of the units. In the respective of the types and contexts of the inquiry activities, 'experiment/observation' was most prevailing and the percentage of the natural scientific contexts was larger in both of the units. In the unit 'Nutrition of Plants', the components of the integrated inquiry process and the percentage of personal contexts were larger than in the unit 'Structure and Function of Plants'. And simulation activities were newly presented and technical contexts and natural environmental contexts were included in the unit 'Nutrition of Plants'. This study makes a suggestion that a wider variety of inquiry activities should be included when new science textbooks are developed.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.593-615
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• 2022

This study aimed to analyze the relationship between the observation ability and scientific creativity of elementary students through observation learning of outdoor plants and to identify the factors that influence the two constructs. The study recruited 21 fifth-graders in Seoul. After evaluating observation ability and scientific creativity through observation tasks, qualitative data were obtained through interviews with students about their observation of the plants. Additionally, the study collected various materials, such as the observation records and worksheets of the students to verify the validity of research. The main results of this study are as follows. First, the students were first classified into four groups according to levels of observation ability and scientific creativity. The result demonstrated that the higher the level of observation ability, the higher the level of scientific creativity. Second, observation ability and scientific creativity pointed to a positive correlation. Furthermore, originality, which is one of the components of scientific creativity, indicated a weak positive correlation with observation ability. Third, the factors that influenced observation ability were frequency of plant observation and interest and cooperation in observation learning, and those of scientific creativity were observation ability and the level of plant-related knowledge. Lastly, the study discussed educational methods for improving observation ability and scientific creativity.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.280-284
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• 2008

Efficacy of antifungal activity on plant pathogens by compost teas fermented under different temperatures was studied. Compost teas are recently chosen by agricultural producers for the better method of controlling plant diseases under increase of public consciousness against use of chemicals for controlling the diseases. Compost tea has been intensively studied; however, understanding of compost tea is still not well developed, and temperature influence during fermentation of compost tea on its antifungal activity has not been investigated. In this study, antifungal activities of compost teas fermented at 10, 20, 30, and $40^{\circ}C$ against selected 10 pathogens were observed. From the results, antifungal activities of compost teas at 20 and $30^{\circ}C$ of fermentation-temperatures showed the strongest while the weakest activity was observed with the compost tea at $10^{\circ}C$. Change of the activity by the fermentation-temperature apparently implied that microbes in the compost tea were strongly involved in its antifungal activity.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.337-345
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• 2000

The flora and vegetation of salt marsh region in Nonhyun-dong, Incheon were investigated from June 1999 to June 2000. The surveyed region includes the several abandoned salt farms and natural salt marshes developing along the intertidal zone at the stream of the Sorae Inlet, Yellow Sea and is going to be constructed a costal ecopark. In this survey 14 species of halophytes were collected in the region, among them Suaeda maritima is the most common one, Salicornia herbacea, Artemisia scoparnia and Aster tripolium are also observed popularly. The flora of the abandoned salt farms is very similar to that of the natural salt marshes. However, the bank areas between the abandoned salt farms and the natural salt marshes showed more richness of species diversity including 21 naturalized plants. The vegetations on the natural salt marshes are mainly composed of Suaeda maritima -Artemisia scoparnia and Suaeda maritima communities. On the other hand, various plant communities were investigated in the abandoned salt farms such as Suaeda maritima-Salicornia herbacea, Phragmites communis-Typha angustata, Suaeda asparagoides -Suaeda maritima and Phragmites communis communities. Based on the plant physiognomy and species diversity, the region can be divided into three types of area for conservation, that is, the area composed of well-developed vegetation, disturbed one by human activities and plant withering area. Futhermore, according to the construction of the costal ecopark in the region the conservation scheme for each area was discssed.

• Journal of Science Education
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2022

In the application and composition of learning content, the field trip learning of scientific inquiry could provide a positive effect. Also, it can arouse an experience of various inquiry activities through open thinking. In addition, it could take a positive effect by providing the diversity and specificity of wildlife experience for the living organism. The biology inquiry program of the field trip is a necessary process to acquire ecological experiences in the learning context. However, there is some problem to solve before the performance of field trip learning as professional knowledge of the outdoors inquiry. Therefore, this study developed a field trip inquiry program for the plant in a coastal dune using artificial intelligence to assist professional knowledge. The researcher carried out literature reviews and analysis related to studies and programs to investigate learning steps, content, and strategy. Also, this study investigated the effects of the program on the affective domain of gifted elementary science students. According to the results of this study, the program can provide a positive effect on motivation, task commitment, and attitude level. Consequently, the field trip learning program for plant in the coastal dune using artificial intelligence developed in this study can arouse a positive effect on the affective domain. Therefore, additional study is necessary related to inquiry programs of the field trip for various students and sites.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.51-58
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• 2006

In this study, uptake and toxicity of disel (TPH) by poplar specie, $P.\;nigra{\times}P.\;maximowiczii$ were assessed in laboratory soil column experiments. Poplar cuttings were grown for 2 months and exposed to various concentration (0, 200, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg) of disel for a period of 60 days. For disel removal experiments, disel was effectively removed in the range of lower concentration. but, the removal rate of disel was rapidly decreased as increasing initial disel concentrations. For the this reason, toxicity effetcs were evaluated by measuring in poplar cutting mass variation and monitoring transpiration. Exposure on higher disel concentration resulted in decrease of biomass and transpiration accompanied by chlorosis and abscission, indicating toxic effect of disel on the poplar tree. And also, we have observed that both removal efficiency of disel and the microbial activity were higher at the bottom of the soil column. It was suggested that the plant formed the root zone at contaminated soil, stimulated microbial activity by plant root exudates, and played an important role in enhanced biodegradation of disel.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.177-201
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• 2022

Following the adoption of the global plant conservation strategies at the Conference of the Parties for Biodiversity Conservation, diligent actions to achieve each targets are actively carried out. In particular, the need for ecological conservation research to achieve targets 2 and 7 of GSPC-2020 has increased. The priority taxa to accomplish the objectives of GSPC-2020 are rare and endemic plants. In particular, endemic plants with limited distribution in specific regions are evaluated to face a high risk of extinction. To address the necessity to preserve endemic plants, we investigated the distribution of Prunus choreiana H. T. Im, a Korean endemic plant. After that, we examined the vegetational environment of the habitat of P. choreiana and evaluated its population structure. The productivity of its fruits and the effects of pollinators on fruit production were evaluated as well. The fruiting ratio was calculated based on the number of flowers produced. Lastly, we observed the annual growth characteristics of P. choreiana. The habitats of P. choreiana did not show a specific type of vegetation. All of them were located in a limestone area of Gangwon-do in the central Korean Peninsula and occupied a site where the coverage of the tree layer and the sub-tree layer was not high or did not exist. The population structure of P. choreiana contained a high proportion of mature plants capable of producing fruits and a low proportion of seedlings and Juvenile plants. We found that the production of fruits required pollinators and was affected by the performance of each plant. Although P. choreiana produces many flowers, only a maximum of 20% and only 2-6% on average bear fruits. These flowering characteristics may be due to pollinators' low abundance and activity during the flowering season (between mid-March and early April), suggesting that many flowers are needed to attract more pollinators. We rarely observed the re-establishment of seedlings in the population of P. choreiana. Despite that, we predict the population to persist owing to its long lifespan and periodic production of numerous fruits. However, if the tree layer and sub-tree layer in competing status with P. choreiana increase their crown density, they are expected to inhibit the growth of P. choreiana and affect the risk of its extinction. Therefore, the current changes in the vegetational environment of the habitats are expected to decrease the number and extent of P. choreiana in the long term. The results of this study may serve as primary and important data necessary for the achievement of GSPC-2020 objectives.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.486-500
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• 2013

This study is conducted to examine how epistemic reasoning and argument structures of students vary according to data sources used in the process of argumentation implemented in the context of inquiry. To this end, three argument tasks using first-hand data and three argument tasks using second-hand data were developed and applied to the unit on 'Nutrition of Plants' for first year middle school students. According to the results of this study, epistemic reasoning of students manifested during the process of argumentation and varied according to data sources. While most students composed explanations with phenomenon-based or relation-based reasoning in argumentation using first-hand data, all the small groups composed explanations that included model-based reasoning in argumentation using second-hand data. In the case of arguments including phenomenon-based or relation-based reasoning, students described only observable characteristics, with warrants omitted from arguments in many cases. On the other hand, in the case of arguments that included model-based reasoning, explanations were composed by combining the results of observations with theoretical knowledge, with warrants more apparent in their arguments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.299-309
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to categorize specific factors and characteristics of positive science experience by qualitatively analyzing the positive science experience cases in the memories of pre-service elementary school teachers. For this purpose, 101 essays written by pre-service teachers on the theme of 'my enjoyable science class experience' were analyzed. The collected data were analyzed using an inductive analysis method, and as a result, the characteristics of positive science experience cases in the memories of pre-service teachers were categorized into 4 categories and 12 topic groups. Specifically, 'experience of exploratory activities using special materials', such as long-term raising and observation of animals and plants, experiments using edible materials, and using special experimental tools had a positive effect on scientific experience. In addition, 'experience of activities emphasizing scientific inquiry' such as emphasizing observation activities, experiments accompanied by clear experimental results, making activities, and using various materials also had a positive effect on science experience. In addition, 'student-centered activity experience' such as strengthening student autonomy, emphasizing collaboration between students, and performing science activities outside of the curriculum also had a positive influence on the science experience. Lastly, 'positive influence of teachers', such as teachers' encouragement and enthusiasm, helped to positively recognize science.