Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회지)

Korean Society of Environment and Ecology (한국환경생태학회)
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Distributional Characteristics, Population Structures and Fruition Dynamics of Korean Endemic plant, Prunus choreiana H. T. Im

한국특산 복사앵도나무(Prunus choreiana H. T. Im)의 분포특성, 개체군구조 및 결실동태

  • Kim, Young-Chul (Research Center for Natural Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Chae, Hyun-Hee (Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University) ;
  • Son, Sung-Won (Division of Plant Resources, Korea National Arboretum)
  • 김영철 (강릉원주대학교 자연과학연구소) ;
  • 채현희 (강릉원주대학교 생물학과) ;
  • 손성원 (국립수목원 식물자원연구과)
  • Received : 2022.01.11
  • Accepted : 2022.03.25
  • Published : 2022.04.30
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Abstract

Following the adoption of the global plant conservation strategies at the Conference of the Parties for Biodiversity Conservation, diligent actions to achieve each targets are actively carried out. In particular, the need for ecological conservation research to achieve targets 2 and 7 of GSPC-2020 has increased. The priority taxa to accomplish the objectives of GSPC-2020 are rare and endemic plants. In particular, endemic plants with limited distribution in specific regions are evaluated to face a high risk of extinction. To address the necessity to preserve endemic plants, we investigated the distribution of Prunus choreiana H. T. Im, a Korean endemic plant. After that, we examined the vegetational environment of the habitat of P. choreiana and evaluated its population structure. The productivity of its fruits and the effects of pollinators on fruit production were evaluated as well. The fruiting ratio was calculated based on the number of flowers produced. Lastly, we observed the annual growth characteristics of P. choreiana. The habitats of P. choreiana did not show a specific type of vegetation. All of them were located in a limestone area of Gangwon-do in the central Korean Peninsula and occupied a site where the coverage of the tree layer and the sub-tree layer was not high or did not exist. The population structure of P. choreiana contained a high proportion of mature plants capable of producing fruits and a low proportion of seedlings and Juvenile plants. We found that the production of fruits required pollinators and was affected by the performance of each plant. Although P. choreiana produces many flowers, only a maximum of 20% and only 2-6% on average bear fruits. These flowering characteristics may be due to pollinators' low abundance and activity during the flowering season (between mid-March and early April), suggesting that many flowers are needed to attract more pollinators. We rarely observed the re-establishment of seedlings in the population of P. choreiana. Despite that, we predict the population to persist owing to its long lifespan and periodic production of numerous fruits. However, if the tree layer and sub-tree layer in competing status with P. choreiana increase their crown density, they are expected to inhibit the growth of P. choreiana and affect the risk of its extinction. Therefore, the current changes in the vegetational environment of the habitats are expected to decrease the number and extent of P. choreiana in the long term. The results of this study may serve as primary and important data necessary for the achievement of GSPC-2020 objectives.

생물다양성보전 당사국 총회에서 지구식물보전전략의 채택에 따라 각각의 목표 달성을 위한 활동이 활발하게 진행되고 있다. GSPC-2020의 목표 2와 7의 달성을 위한 보전생태학적인 연구의 필요성이 높아지고 있다. GSPC-2020의 목표 달성을 위해 우선순위를 가지는 종은 희귀식물과 특산식물이다. 특히 특정한 지역에 제한적인 분포를 나타내는 특산식물은 멸종위협 또한 높다고 평가된다. 이러한 필요성에 따라 본 연구에서는 한국특산식물인 복사앵도나무를 대상으로 먼저 분포현황을 평가하였다. 다음으로 생육지의 식생환경을 조사하였고 각 개체군의 구조를 평가하였다. 또한 열매의 생산성을 평가하였고 열매의 생산에 있어서 화분매개곤충의 영향을 평가하였다. 이와 더불어 생산한 꽃의 수에 따른 열매의 결실 비율을 평가하였다. 마지막으로 연간생장특성을 관찰하였다. 복사앵도나무의 분포지는 특정한 식생유형을 나타내지 않았다. 모든 분포지는 한반도 중부에 위치한 강원도의 석회암지대에 위치하였고 교목과 아교목의 피복도가 높지 않거나 존재하지 않는 공간을 점유하였다. 개체군의 구조는 열매를 생산할 수 있는 성숙단계에 속하는 개체의 비율이 높았고 유묘와 어린단계의 개체 비율이 낮았다. 열매의 생산에는 화분매개곤충에 의한 수분이 필요하였고 각 개체의 활력이 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 다량의 꽃을 생산하지만 관찰되는 열매는 최대 20%, 평균적으로는 2~6%에 불과하였다. 이러한 개화특성은 열매의 생산에 화분매개곤충이 필요하지만 개화기에 해당하는 3월 중순에서 4월 초순은 화분매개곤충의 종류가 적고 활동 또한 활발하지 않음에 따라 다량의 꽃을 이용한 곤충의 유인이 필요하기 때문으로 판단되었다. 복사앵도나무 분포지에서 종자에 의한 재정착은 드물게 관찰되었다. 그럼에도 불구하고 오랜 수명을 소유하고 있고 주기적으로 다량의 열매를 생산하는 특성에 따라 개체군의 지속은 가능할 것으로 예상되었다. 다만 복사앵도나무는 경쟁관계에 있는 교목 및 아교목에 의한 울폐도가 증가할 경우 생장의 저해 및 소멸에 이를 것으로 예상됨에 따라 현재와 같이 분포지의 식생환경이 변화할 경우 장기적으로 개체수의 감소와 분포지의 축소가 예상되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 IUCN의 국가 적색목록평가의 기초 정보가 될 수 있음은 물론 GSPC-2020의 달성에 필요한 중요한 자료가 될 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 논문은 정부(산림청)의 재원으로 국립수목원의 산림생물자원보전 및 활용기반 구축사업(2020030235)의 지원을 받아 수행하였다. 연구의 모든 과정은 복사앵도나무 분포지에 미치는 영향이 최소화되도록 계획하고 실행하였다.

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