• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.33-78
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• 2002

This study analyzes effects of the proposed reduction of legal working hours in Korea in which base wage is unchanged with working hours reduction. The theoretical analysis shows that a reduction of legal working hours would result in less than equal size reduction of actual working hours, and increase in wages. On the other hand, the effects on employment is ambiguous depending on the substitution effect and scale effect. An empirical analysis based on macro-economic model simulation supports the theoretical conjecture. It has been found that with the reduction of legal working hours, real wages and consumption increase while actual working hours decreases about half of the legal hours reduction. In addition, the immediate and outright imposition of legal hours reduction on all sectors of the economy is found to create a cost push inflation and reduce GDP, investment, and employment. This negative effects are lessened as the reduction of legal hours is gradually made and/or some measures to absorb the cost shock such as abolition of paid monthly leave are employed together.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-28
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• 2014

We use a set of Korea panel data to estimate effects of legal working hours reduction on actual hours worked and employment effects, through panel econometrics methods. Taking account of sequential decrease in legal hours worked since 2004, we estimate the relationship between legal and actual working hours by size of industries. It is found that one hour reduction of legal hours per week caused 0.44 to 1.05 actual hours worked on average per week, depending on different industrial sizes. Also, estimated employment effects were not unanimously determined, rather they turn out to be clearly size-dependent, which provide different results from exiting literature. Our analysis proposed in this work can be restrictive as, for instance, there is significant lack of data for foreign workers, particularly in the small-sized industries. Subsequent empirical analysis is expected.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.13-38
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• 2001

The question about whether a shorter workweek may increase employment has been a serious issue and been furiously debated among collective bargainers. The advocators recommend publicly that a reduction in standard working hours will provide benefits to the unemployed through the provision of new jobs, and also can improve the quality of life workers. The opponents argue that a shorter workweek will increase labor costs and induce firms to reduce their production levels, and consequently cut back their demand for labor. Although the debate is still continuing, considerable has been made toward achieving the goal workweek reduction. The analytical framework of this paper is a Putty-clay-model, in which the short-and long-term impacts of changes in working time on the employment associated with the interrelations of wages, prices, hourly labour productivity, the firm's labor demand, business cycle and economic growth etc. must be analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Cognitive Science Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.91-94
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• 2006

이 논문의 목적은 문맥과 해석이 1 대 1 대응을 갖는 것을 입증하는 것이다. 먼저, 문맥이 등위접속문의 처리시간을 단축하는 것을 입증하기 위하여 두 차례에 걸쳐서 실험을 실시하였다. 실험 결과는 문맥이 등위접속문의 처리시간을 단축하는 것을 입증한다. 실험 결과의 논의에서는 등위접속문의 처리시간을 단축하는 문맥효과를 해석과 연결하여 살펴본다. 첫째로, 문맥은 등위접속문의 수없이 많은 가능한 해석 중에서 하나의 가능한 해석만을 선택한다. 즉, 문맥은 해석 선택 장치로서 등위 접속문의 처리 시간을 단축한다. 둘째로, 문맥은 등위접속문의 연역과정을 단축하는 효과를 갖는다. 즉, 문맥은 추론제거장치로서 등위접속문의 처리시간을 단축한다. 해석선택장치로서의 문맥과 추론제거장치로서의 문맥은 문맥과 해석이 1 대 1 대응을 갖는 것을 보여준다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.316-322
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• 2002

In case of reducing working time, it is difficult that the construction industry is analyzed far-reaching effects caused by a reduction of working time, by approaching with just the total amount of work. Because it has the properties such as the singularity, the outdoor using, a sense of the season unlike other industries. In order to analyze the effect of a reduction of working time on the construction industry, the example of a reduction of working time in domestic other industries related with it was analyzed intensively first. And an example in Japan, which is similar to our existing related laws and industrial structure among foreign construction industries was analyzed, and a relation with the domestic construction industries and an issue were drown a conclusion. This was applied to a field worker and a related main group participating in a real production. And it showed the prediction model for a working pattern and a dealing plan to prepare in a construction site by predicting a working pattern in the management side of a construction site annually.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.229-239
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• 1996

for shortening of running time on existing line, speed up railways feel strongly the necessity of it, for fully realizing a role of transportation system, for human life style is high. and increasing of time value. Especially curved lines zone have crucial effects on the speed of train, in case the shortening of running time, it is thought, speed up in curved lines zone, considering a character of route alignment in korea, we obtain saving time using lateral force index for safety running of train and comfortable ride of passengers. The results of this study show that all curved zone improvements for the shortening of the train running time more efficiently than extension of transition curve.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.1-34
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• 2002

This paper investigates the effects of hours reduction on growth, investment, and consumption as well as employment. We adopt the basic framework of the indivisibility of labor developed by Hansen (1985) and Rogerson (1988) and extend it by allowing heterogeneity of workers in productive efficiency. On the basis of monthly panel data constructed from Economically Active Population Surveys and Household Income and Expenditure Surveys, we estimate the value of productive efficiency parameter of newly hired workers relative to existing workers by considering differences between the two groups in unobservable as well as observable worker characteristics. Numerical simulation of steady states demonstrates that reduction of statutory weekly hours from 44 to 40 leads to a rise in employees by 4.9 percent. However, GNP, investment, and consumption are all reduced by 2.03 percent, which is attributed to reduction in the amount of effective labor input, which in turn comes from reduction of actual average hours and productivity differences between exiting and newly hired workers.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.467-472
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• 2006

The author proposes algorithm which can use reduce processing time image restoration than original one by using modified Nagao filter, eliminating the part of modifying process of previous Nagao filter modified in disposing degraded image. The proposed image is as same as original Nagao filter image but the processing time is 10 times faster than original one.

• 프린팅코리아
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.140-143
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• 2012

일본의 전 산업계는 지난해 발생한 동북대지진의 여파로 2년째 전력 사용감축에 나서고 있다. 자의반 타의반이라는 시선도 있지만, 일본 인쇄업도 정부의 지침에 따른 강제적인 조업시간 단축 및 조정에 나서고 있다. 자발적으로 나선 에너지 사용량 감축은 아니었지만, 조업시간 단축 및 조정의 결과로 비용 절감에 도움이 되고, 나아가 기업의 체질 개선에도 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.59-88
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• 2014

I estimate the non-market effects of implementing five-day workweek controlling for the individual-job fixed effect. I find that the implementation of five-day workweek has improved an individual's subjective health status, increased the frequency of exercises, increased the probability to get education or training other than job training, improved subjective quality of life, increased spending for leisure and cultural activities, and improved an individual's satisfaction with the job and the employer. Much of the effects are due to reduction not of working hours but of working days.