• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.94-101
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• 2024

Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed a significant burden to infant and toddler's care globally, while the disease severity is generally mild in this age group. In this study, we aimed to assess epidemiological and clinical aspects of COVID-19 in infants and toddlers in Seoul, South Korea. Methods: We used Seoul Metropolitan Government's epidemiological investigation database to describe the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in infants and toddlers, between March 2020 to December 2021. Results: A total of 5,025 infants and toddlers aged <5 years was diagnosed between the observed period. 2,720 (54.1%) had symptoms, and fever was the most common symptom in 1,941 (74.1%). Of the diagnosed cases, 96.4% did not have underlying diseases. In a district level, extended opening of childcare facility was associated with increased risk of COVID-19 in infants and toddlers. Conclusions: An efficient monitoring system, resembling routine clinical care, is crucial, considering the low rates of severe progression and fatality among infants and toddlers. Moreover, a well-grounded intervention based on scientific evidence, rather than unconditional closures, is necessary to establish a suitable childcare policy that ensures safety from infectious diseases while not overlooking the developmental aspects of social skills.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.111-122
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• 2021

Objective : The worldwide Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the level of depression and decreased the quality of life. This has caused an adverse effect of deteriorating the quality of life. As such, this study attempted to determine the effects of COVID-19 on depression and quality of life. Methods : The content was analyzed by conducting an online survey for two months, from November 2020 to December 2020, targeting 270 adults in their 20s to 60s nationwide. Results : Among the subjects', those in their 50s showed the greatest change in depression (p<.05). In terms of quality of life, there were significant changes in all age groups (p<.001). Among the subject characteristics unmarried individuals showed greater depression after COVID-19 than those who were married (p<.012). In terms of quality of life, married individuals had a higher quality of life than those who were unmarried (p<.001). Conclusion : The results confirmed that COVID-19 increased depression and lowered the quality of life in adults. The impact of the current COVID-19 pandemic, on society is constantly changing. This research needs to be updated.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.71-92
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• 2017

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the experiences of original family and social relationships in single women. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were arranged with 18 single women who met the criteria for the present research purpose. We considered only those responses of the interviewees that are directly related to their experiences of original family and social relationships, where the collected data were analyzed in three steps by methods of thematic analysis. As a result of the analysis, the experiences of original family and social relationships in single women could be grouped into six main clusters of themes which may be labeled as (1) themes centered on 'Family attachment', (2) themes centered on 'Special People' and (3) themes centered on 'Estrange relative relationship'. (4) themes centered on 'Small social life', (5) themes centered on 'Absence of a social relationshipship', (6) themes centered on 'Drive for freedom'. Among the first category of themes of 'Family attachment', we have found three sub-themes such as 'Adult Baby under parents' care', 'Confirm of single life', 'Intricate family relations'. As for the second category of themes 'Special People', three sub-themes have been found including 'I Only Love Mom.', 'Sister friend', 'My lovely nephew or niece'. And for the third category of only one theme 'Estranged relative relationship'. And for the fourth category of themes 'Small social life', there were found four sub-themes which include 'Relationship at work', 'Chat with friends', 'Keep oneself aloof from the opposite sex', 'Singles gather together'. And for the fifth category of themes 'Absence of a social relationshipship', there were found three sub-themes which include 'Alone than meeting', 'Lazism', 'Tight daily lives'. And for the final category of themes 'Drive for freedom', there were found two sub-themes which include 'Caution for attachment', 'Caution for entanglement'. In all, there are sixteen sub-themes to consider. On the basis of these results, we presented some conclusions on the experiences of original family and social relationships in single women. We also presented some implications of these results on population education and future research.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.14-25
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• 2021

With the spread of COVID-19 and the government policy of social distancing, the demand for subways and buses is decreasing, whereas the demand for public bicycles and personal transportation is increasing. Hence, research is needed to understand the characteristics of this phenomenon and to prove the statistical reliability of the correlation between the subway and shared bicycle demands. In this study, the correlation between the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and the replacement rate of subway and public bicycle demands was examined, but the statistical significance was not significant. However, during the period of September to December 2020, in which the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases in Seoul started to increase rapidly, there was a correlation between the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases and the replacement ratio. If the number of confirmed COVID-19 cases increases by more than a certain number, public bicycles are expected to play a significant role as alternates to the subways. It is expected that the role of public bicycles will increase, and that it is possible to suggest the direction of transportation operation and policy establishment for the continuation of COVID-19 countermeasures in field demonstration after elementary technology development. It is also expected that this study will suggest a direction for future development and policymaking.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.17-29
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• 2021

Recently, as social distancing have been raised due to the re-spread of COVID-19, the number of serial entrepreneurs who are closing their business is rapidly increasing. Learning from failure is a source of success, but business failure can result in psychological and economic losses and negative emotions of the serial entrepreneur. At this point, it is very important to find a way to recover the negative emotions caused by business failures of serial entrepreneurs. Recently, a strategic model has emerged to deal with the negative emotions of grief caused by business failures of serial entrepreneurs. This study identified the recovery factors from the grief of business failures of serial entrepreneurs and analyzed Shepherd's(2003) three areas: loss orientation, restoration orientation, and dual process. To this end, individual in-depth interviews were conducted with 12 small business serial entrepreneurs who challenged re-startup to identify the attributes of recovery factors that were not identified with quantitative data. As a result of the study, first, recovery factors were investigated in three areas: individual orientation, family orientation, and network orientation. It was found to help improve recovery in nine categories: self-esteem, persistence, personal competence, hobbies, self-confidence, family support, networks, religion, and social support. Second, recovery obstacle factors were investigated in three areas: psychological, economic, and environmental factors. Nine categories including family, health, social network, business partner, competitor, partner, fund, external environment, and government policy were found to persist negative emotions. Third, the emotional processing process for grief was investigated in three areas: loss orientation, restoration orientation, and dual process. Ten categories such as family, partner support, social member support, government support, hobbies, networks, change of business field, moving, third-party perspective, and meditation were confirmed to enhance rapid recovery in the emotional processing process for grief. The implications of this study are as follows. The process of recovering from the grief caused by business failures of serial entrepreneurs was attempted by a qualitative study. By extending the theory of Shepherd(2003), This study can be applied to help with recovery research. In addition, conceptual models and propositions for future empirical research were presented, which can be discussed in carious academic ways.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.73-89
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• 2022

With the spread of COVID-19, the role of parks has been emphasized. Under the quarantine guidelines, including social distancing, people are visiting parks as a safe place. In line with these changes, parks need to be studied as pandemic adaptation measures according to their physical and location characteristics. This study aims to explore the potential of linear parks with accessibility and pass way functions based on the characteristics of surrounding land uses. The case study area was selected from Yeonnam-dong to Yeomni-dong of the Gyeongui Line Forest Park, and the area was divided into 4 sections based on the administrative boundary and surrounding land uses. Multiple regression models were adopted in each section using the total number of de facto population as a dependent variable and factors affecting external activities including COVID-19 as independent variables. The results show that first, the more diverse the interaction between commercial facilities and linear parks, the greater the impact of the pandemic. Second, where various commercial facilities are concentrated people respond more sensitively to short-term weather changes than seasonal ones. This study indicates that there are differences in the use of linear parks according to the surrounding land uses. In addition, it suggests that the linear park has potential as a means to overcome the Pandemic crisis of the city and to increase equity in access to green areas.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.153-172
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• 2022

Online shopping has transformed and rapidly grown the entire market at the forefront of wholesale and retail services as an effective solution to issues such as digital transformation and social distancing policy (COVID-19 pandemic). Small business owners, who form the majority at the center of the online shopping industry, are constantly collecting policy changes and market trend information to overcome these problems and use them for marketing and other sales activities in order to overcome these problems and continue to grow. Objective and refined information that is more closely related to the business is also needed. Therefore, in this paper, through the collection and analysis of big data information, which is the core technology of digital transformation, key variables are set in product classification, sales trends, consumer preferences, and review information of online shopping malls, and a method of using them for competitor comparison analysis and business sustainability evaluation has been prepared and we would like to propose it as a service. If small and medium-sized businesses can benchmark competitors or excellent businesses based on big data and identify market trends and consumer tendencies, they will clearly recognize their level and position in business and voluntarily strive to secure higher competitiveness. In addition, if the sustainable growth of the online shopping mall operator can be confirmed as an indicator, more efficient policy establishment and risk management can be expected because it has an improved measurement method.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.460-479
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• 2021

The crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic has caused significant changes in education systems worldwide, including in Korea. Due to COVID-19's social distancing policies, the education system was suddenly switched to distance learning, resulting in many problems in primary schools without preparation. The purpose of this study was to investigate a teacher's awareness of science education techniques, responses to issues in science classes, including inquiry activities, advantages and disadvantages, and roles after experiencing distance learning. Survey and focus interviews were conducted for primary school teachers who had previously participated in distance learning, such as online content classes and real-time interactive classes. The study findings showed three conclusions: 1) Primary school teachers conducted one-way and interactive lectures in online classes. It is vital to improve a teacher's digital literacy to improve other teaching methods such as investigation and discussion in online classes. 2) Primary school teachers acknowledged the challenges of field feedback, inquiry item preparations, and safety in inquiry activities of science classes, by providing individual experimental packages and videos and using online discussion and feedback among teacher - student and student - student interactions. 3) Primary school teachers recognized that various types of classes using IT devices and individualized learning were possible as advantages of distance learning. As for disadvantages, it was acknowledged that inquiry activities, cooperative learning, immediate feedback, and interaction among students were challenging. Furthermore, learning gaps were wider in distance learning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.309-317
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• 2022

It is reported that social distancing caused by the corona pandemic has resulted in a decrease in physical activity, and a decrease in muscle mass due to this increases the risk of vascular disease. Therefore, in this study, the risk of carotid intima media thickness was evaluated by measuring the thickness of CIMT, and the differences in variables according to gender were analyzed. From January 2022 to May 2022, a total of 220 people (121 males, 99 females) who performed blood tests, carotid ultrasound, and body composition analysis among those who visited the health check-up center of Busan H Hospital were included in this study. Significant differences in risk factors according to gender were analyzed using the chi-square test. The cut-off values of variables that can predict the risk of carotid intima media thickness were calculated, and the accuracy was evaluated by calculating the area under the curve, sensitivity, and specificity. As a result of the difference analysis, the higher the total cholesterol in men and the appendicular skeletal muscle index in women, the higher the risk of carotid intima media thickness. The cut-off value for predicting the risk of carotid intima media thickness was calculated to be greater than 199 mg/dL of total cholesterol in the male group and less than 5.9 kg/m² of the appendicular skeletal muscle index in the female group. As a result of this study, the higher the total cholesterol in men and the lower the appendicular skeletal muscle index in women, the higher the risk of increased CIMT. Therefore, in women, the appendicular skeletal muscle index is expected to serve as an indicator to predict and prevent vascular changes at an early stage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.45
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• pp.31-46
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• 2021

With the advent of the post-COVID19 era, people must maintain social distancing to quarantine. However, this rule deprives people of freedom. Therefore, this study proposes a new normal plan for urban park design using drive-thru to recreate space for people to maintain and enjoy their previous lives while complying with quarantine rules. Olympic Park has a large floating population, and is one of the places where drive-thru is available. Therefore, the study designed this place to be the only cafe that could be operated if other cafes were shut down due to social distancing. The cafes in the park were designed into five spaces based on Olympic Park's flag motifs. The results were as follows. The cafe's name is CUPPY (Cup+Coffee), while each logo letter is expressed using the colors of the Olympic flag: blue, yellow, black, green, and red. The cafe spaces were divided into five continents (Europe, Asia, Africa, Oceania, and America), as symbolized by the Olympic flag, with the driving route shaped like the Olympic logo to match the five spaces. Human beings need change and adaptation in various fields to live in a post-COVID19 era that they have never experienced before. Just as the New Normal changes with time, and should, research is essential for presenting a New Normal in urban park design that reflects this disaster situation following the COVID-19 crisis. On this very point, we expect that this research will serve as a reference for urban park design. Additionally, it is believed that continuous suggestions and research will be necessary to apply the model to more diverse environments.