• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.147-164
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the family of origin variables on marital conflict. Seventy five married couples living together for less than 10 years were chosen from Seoul and Suwon cities. These subjects completed Korean Version of Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale Ⅱ, Individual Separation Scale, Family Rules Scale, Korea Certificated Egogram, and Marital Conflict Scale. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired-t test, and hierarchical regressions. The results were as follows: First, husbands and wives were different from each other in triangulation, family rules from family of origin and marital conflict. While husbands felt more strongly about their family rules than wives, wives perceived triangulation, and marital conflict higher than husbands. Second, husbands' controlling ego state, individuation, and family rules explained sixteen percents of husbands' marital conflict. Statistically speaking husbands' controlling ego state positively influenced on husbands' marital conflict. However, both of husbands' and wives' controlling ego states explained twelve percents of wives' marital conflict, and husbands' controlling ego state was statistically significant.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.10
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• pp.209-214
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• 2017

The aim of the present study was to analyze the factors that affects the peer attachment in Korean youth. Subjects were 419 middle school students (210 male, 209 female). Dependent variable was defined as peer attachment. Explanatory variables were included as gender, academic achievement satisfaction, subjective household economy level, parent - child dialogue frequency, subjective health status, depression symptom, self - esteem, subjective life satisfaction, and mobile phone dependency. In the multi-layer perceptron artificial neural network algorithm analysis, depression symptoms, gender, parent-child dialogue level for school life, subjective household economy level, subjective health status were significantly associated with peer attachment in Korean youth. Based on this result, systematic programs are required in order to prevention of peer attachment in Korean youth.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.5 s.83
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• pp.17-35
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine what characterized the family of origin among couples who had been married just for a few years, what types of conflicts they suffered, how they tackled their conjugal conflicts, what sorts of counseling services they needed in times of conjugal conflicts and how the characteristics of their families of origin and marital conflicts affected their needs for counseling. The findings of the study were as follows: First, regarding family rules and regulations, the biggest characteristic among the families of origin of the married couples investigated was that they were most aware of rules for living. The husbands were more conscious of them than the wives. Concerning their marital conflicts in each area, their conflicts were most triggered by their own personal characteristics, followed by communal life, a third person and their own conjugal relations. Second, as for their needs for counseling, the married couples were highly willing to ask for counseling in times of conflicting with each other. Third, concerning their perception of the rules of the family of origin, the husbands were more cognizant of then Fourth, regarding connections between needs for counseling and family rules, the group whose family of origin placed stronger emphasis on rules for living felt the higher needs for counseling. It's attempted in this study to provide information about counseling for married couples, on which few domestic studies have ever focused so far, and the effort to take a micro approach toward the counseling needs of married couples made it clear that their counseling needs might be different according to their family background variables and their own marital conflicts.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.827-839
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• 2022

The severity of smartphone dependence among early adolescents, known as the most vulnerable group to smartphone addiction, is increasing. In this study, the factors affecting the smartphone dependence of early adolescents were analyzed by separating into elementary school and middle school students. For this purpose, the 1st data from Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey(2018) was used. The subjects of the study were 2,607 4th grade from elementary school and 2,590 1st grade from middle school. Factors that affect to smartphone dependence of both elementary and middle school students in common were gender, self-esteem, aggression, time spent with parents, and negative parenting attitude. On the other hand, region(city size), economic level, health status, school life satisfaction, and relationship with teachers were significant in the smartphone dependence of elementary school students, but not in middle school students. In middle school students, positive parenting attitudes were significant. Based on the results of the analysis, implications for policy establishment and social service provision were drawn to encourage the proper use of the by early youth.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.85-97
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• 2004

This study attempted to understand the living conditions of children after school, focusing on 437 children attending an elementary school with working parent. This investigation also analyzed socio-demographic variables, the forms of after school child-care and differences in psychological well-being of children. The major findings were as follows First, self-care children took up 42.3% as the result of the survey on living conditions after school of lower-grade children. It showed that children under the condition of self-caring for more than four hours a day on the average took up 2/3 of the child group. Second, the results of examining the differences of psychological well being of children secondary to socio-demographic variables, it showed significant differences in the area of anxiety with respect to children’s genders, Parental occupations in the area maternal educational levels. Third, the results of the findings on whether there were differences in the psychological well-eing of these children depending on the form of after school hour child care showed that there were significant differences between loneliness and self-perceives competence felt by children.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.171-184
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• 2007

This research focused on the consciousness and behavior of married-teachers to support their aged-parents. The subject of this study was 239 married-teachers, in the Gyeongnam area, Korea, living with at least one of their old-parents. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS/WIN programs including frequencies, t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation analysis and stepwise regression. The major findings in this study are as follows; 1) Degree of consciousness in supporting married-teachers' aged parents was 3.98 on a scale of 0-5.0. The significant variables affecting the results were sex, living-distance, and familism. 2) Degree of behavior in supporting married-teachers' aged parents was 3.07 on a scale of 0-4.0. The significant variables affecting the results were number of child, living-distance, economic level of aged parents, and self-esteem. 3) There was a close relationship between the consciousness and behavior of married-teachers to support their aged-parents. 4) Stepwise regression analysis showed that the most effective variable of the married-teachers' behavior for supporting aged-parents was supporting consciousness.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.409-417
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to find out how individual, family, and school factors influence adolescents' depression, and to explore the long-term influence between somatic symptom and depression. To do this, data from two points of the 4th wave (year of 2013) and the 6th wave (year of 2015) of the first-year middle school panel survey (KCYPS) were used and structural equation model analysis was conducted on 1,668 adolescents. As for results, frist, in terms of individual factors, gender, physical health status, and self-resilience significantly affected depression in adolescents. Second, among school factors, learning activities and peer relationship significantly affected depression in adolescents. Third, somatic symptom and depression had effects and auto-regressive effects over time. Based on these results, the prevention and intervention measures for somatic symptom and depression of adolescents were discussed. Future study is needed include varaiables of parental mental health that affect depression in adolescents.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.33-56
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• 1974

간호를 장래의 전문직으로 택하려고 공부하는 간호학생들은 완전한 성인으로서의 발달 과정중 후기 성년기에 속한다. 이시기는 자아를 발견하고 인간이 무엇을 믿으며 인간의 가치가 무엇인가를 추구하는 중요한 시기이다. 다시 말해서 어른과 어린이의 과도기에 서서 자신의 이상적 가치와 기성사회의 기존 가치를 잘 융화시켜 독립된 인간으로서 성숙하려는 노력의 시기이다. 그러므로 성년기의 갈등은 인생의 어느 시기보다도 그 정도가 심하게 나타난다. 간호학생들은 이상의 일반적인 성년기 발달의 요구 외에도 간호대학이라는 특수한 배움의 여건 때문에 좀 더 심각한 문제에 대두된다. 특히 소아과 간호대학이라는 실습환경은 여러 가지 복잡한 병실 사정으로 많은 긴장감을 주는 학습경험이다. 어린이의 간호에는 그들의 발달과정에 따른 다양한 역활이 요구된다. 또한 병원이라는 낯선 환경과 어머니를 떨어져야하는 두려움으로 불안한 어린이와 그 어린이의 불안과 두려움으로 인해 우울과 죄의식에 있는 어머니의 간호는 여러 면에서 성년기 학생들에게 긴장감을 일으키게 하는 요인이 된다. 본 연구의 문헌조사는 주로 미국 문헌에 나타난 간호 대학생들의 성년기 성숙을 위한 발달의 요구와, 소아병실의 복잡한 여건으로 발생되는 긴장감을 다루고 있다. 문헌을 기초로 하여 저자는 긴장감을 주는 간호활동을 크게 다섯 부군으로 묶었다. 1. 어린이 환자의 신체적 간호, 2. 어린이 환자나 부모와의 원만한 대화와 상호관계를 위한 간호활동 3. 소아병실에서 요구되는 다양한 간호원의 역활 4. 어린이나 부모의 간호에 대한 의뢰심 5. 간호의 가치나 이상적 간호. 연구방법으로는 49개의 폐쇄식 질문 항목을 가진 질문지를 사용하였다. 질문 항목들은 문헌연구에서 소아과 간호학 실습시 학생들이 긴장감을 느낀다고 밝혀진 내용들이 다. 학생들은 자신의 경험을 "긴장감이 없었다. ""긴장감이 있었다. ""심한 긴장감이 있었다. ""실습 중 경험이 없었다. "의 사항 중 택일을 하게 되어 있다. 연구대상으로는 모 대학교 간호대학 학생으로 산부인과 간호학 실습을 마친 후 소아과 간호학 실습 8주를 완료한 4학년 학생 42명이었다. 자료분석의 결과는 대부분의 학생들에게 소아과 간호학 실습은 긴장감을 주는 경험이 있다고 나타났다. 다음은 연구결과 주목할만한 몇 가지 사항들이다. 1. 어린이 환자의 신체적 간호는 성년기 학생들에게 긴장감을 주는 실습 경험이었다. 특별히 심하게 긴장감을 주었던 간호활동은 어린이환자의 상태가 중한 경우로, 장기간 앓는 아이, 선천성 기형이 있는 아이, 회복이 불가능하여 죽게될 아이나 사망하는 경우의 어린이 간호였다. 이 결과는 간호학의 기본과정 즉, 기초간호학이나 내 외과 간호학 실습만으로 소아과 간호학 실습을 위한 충분한 준비가 되지 못한다는 것을 뜻 할 수도 있다. 한편, 문헌연구에서 밝힌바와 같이 어리고 연약해 보이는 어린이들의 신체조건이 학생들의 간호활동을 어렵게 하는 경우도 될 수 있겠다. 2. 간호학생들의 어린이 환자와의 대화나 원만한 인간관계에서의 긴장감은 이 연구결과로 평가나 제언이 힘들다. 조사결과에서 학생들은 주로 어린이의 상태가 좋지 않은 경우에 심한 긴장감을 가졌고 일반적인 간호의 경우에는 별로 긴장감이 없었다. 이것은 질병의 상태나 화제, 이야기 할 때의 상황에 따라 긴장감의 여부가 달라질 수 있다는 결론이 되겠다. 3. 소아병실에서의 다양한 역활을 수행하는 것은 비교적 긴장감이 많이 생기는 간호활동으로 나타났다. 그러나 재미있는 사실은 학생들이 간호원으로서의 전문가적인 입장에서, 환자나 보호자를 가르칠때는 별로 문제가 없었으나 어린이 기르는 방법이나 어린이 이해면에서 좀 더 잘 안다고 생각되는 어머니가 지켜 볼때의 어린이 간호에는 긴장감을 가진다는 사실이다. 이것은 Jewett의 연구에서 밝힌바와는 상반되는 결과다. 그의 연구에서 학설들은 부모나 어머니들에 의해 전문가로서 인정받고 기대되는 경우가 제일 어려운 경험이 있다고 밝혔다. 4. 어린이 환자나 그들 부모의 간호에 대한 의뢰심은 학생들에게 심한 긴장감을 주는 경험이 있다. 특히 신체적 간호에 대해 의뢰하는 경우에는 더 심한 긴장감을 준다고 표현한다. 일반적으로 부모가 병실에 상주하는 경우에는 그들의 의뢰심이 심하며 이것은 학생들에게 감당하기 힘든 긴장과 어려움을 주게된다. 왜냐하면 성년기의 학생들은 그들 자신이 먼저 타인에게서 이해받기를 원하며 또 관용을 베풀어주기를 원하는데 그것을 남에게 주어야 하는 입장은 학생들을 긴장되게 하는 실습활동인 것이다. 5. 학생들은 그들이 배운 간호의 이상이나 가치가 실습지에서의 여러 경우와 맞지 않는 것을 보았을 때 극심한 긴장감을 갖는다고 밝혔다. 의사나 병원 행정의 사실이 자신의 이상과 맞지 않는다는 것보다는 간호원의 간호업무의 차이에서 더 비판적인 반응을 보였다. 대부분의 성년기 학생들은 그들의 이상적인 간호원상을 그들의 선배나 실무 간호원 중에서 찾으려는 시기에 그들의 간호활동이 이론과 다른 점이나 학생 자신의 소아과 간호의 가치와 다른 것을 보았을 때는 심한 반감과 긴장감을 갖게된다. 이 문제는 어린 사람이 윗 어른과 함께 동료의식을 갖고 일하기 어려운 한국적 사회구조 때문에 더 심하게 긴장감을 주는 경험인지도 모른다. 선배 간호원의 전문인으로서의 권위와 어린이 환자 보호자의 어른으로서의 권위 사이에서 자신의 이상과 가치의 추구는 용이하지 않으며 내적 갈등은 어쩔수 없는 일 일 것이다. 6. 대부분 높은 백분율의 긴장 반응은 죽음이나 환자의 사망에 관련된 간호활동 항목에서 나타났다. 이 연구의 대상 학생들은 2, 3학년에서 죽음에 대한 강의를 들었지만 이 연구 결과에 의하면 충분한 학습 경험이 주어진 것 같지 않다. 어떠한 경우의 죽음에라도 어린이 환자나 그 보호자들의 심리를 잘 이해하고 반응을 잘 관찰해서 적절한 간호를 해 줄 수 있는 다양한 방법의 학습 경험이 필요하다고 보겠다. 7. 학생들의 긴장도가 어린이 간호에 더 심한가, 보호자 간호에 더 심한가를 알기 위한 비교 결과는 비교적 비슷한 정도로 나타났다. 8. 학생들의 소아과 간호학 실습시의 긴장도는 과거의 병실 실습기간의 장, 단이나 가정에서의 어린인 간호의 경험과는 별 연관성이 없었다. 연구의 대상자가 적기 때문에 단정을 하기는 힘이 들지만 소아과 간호학 실습이 다른 병실의 실습과는 분리되어서 완전히 다르게 다루어 져야만 하며 간호교육자들의 주의 깊은 관심과 노력이 필요한 실습교육이 라 하겠다. 이상의 전반적인 고찰에 의하면 한국 성년기 간호학생들의 소아과 간호학 실습은 미국의 경우와 마찬가지로 긴장감을 주는 경험이다. 문화배경의 다른 점은 무시하고라도 Davis와 Oleson이 결론한 바와 같이 "간호대 학생은 어디를 막론하고 다 같은 성격과 문제를 가지고 있다. " 앞으로 보다 효과적인 학생들의 소아과 간호학 실습을 위한 연구를 위해 다음의 몇 가지를 본 연구의 결과를 가지고 제언한다. 1. 보다 여러 지역에서 다양한 교육 방법을 가진 학교의 학생을 대상으로 한 연구의 필요성. 2. 학생들이 실습 전 선입견이나 이미 들어서 생긴 긴장감의 개입 여부를 밝힐 수 있는 연구. 3. 학생 개인의 과거 경침이 긴장감 유발에 미치는 영향을 위한 연구 4. 이 연구의 결과를 입증할 수 있는 종단적 연구. 5. 이 연구에서 나타난 긴장감이 학습 행위에 미치는 영향을 알기 위한 관찰적 연구. 이 연구를 위해 많은 도움을 주셨던 보스턴대학의 Dr. Kennedy와 연세대학의 여러 선생님께 심심한 감사를 드립니다.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.63-79
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• 2015

This study explored the effect of mother's employment status on family environment and physical environment and psychological environment, the main concern of this which factors have effects on marital satisfactions of either employed or non-employed mothers. First, the result of analysis on family environment according to mothers' employment status shows non-employed mother's parental stress is higher than employed mother's. Besides, non-employed mother's self-esteem is lower than employed mother's, and non-employed mother's depression is significantly high. Concerning fathers' factors, the level of conflict between husband and wife is higher among husbands when their wives are employed. In the light of childrens' factors, non-employed mothers consider that their children display more negative emotion and more picky. Children's development of employed mothers is included in normal development range more than that of non-employed mothers. Second, conflict between husbands and wives have an significantly negative effect on marital satisfaction regardless wife's employment status. Husbands' cooperation in child-rearing and marital satisfaction have a positive effect on wives' marital satisfaction. The significant factor which influences on employed mother's marital satisfaction is education level of wives. This study would be meaningful in that infancy home environment was compared focusing on the mothers' employment status, and some factors which factors(variables) have impacts on marital satisfaction of infancy mothers were examined.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2013

In this study, the early suicide prevention program was applied to the elementary school students and compared the prior & post effect of the program, and verified the status of psychology change like emotional status, or temptation to take a suicide, and presented the possibility as a suicide prevention program. The period of adolescence is the very unstable period in the process of growth being cognitively immature, emotionally impulsive period. It is the period emotionally unstable and unpredictable possible to select the method of suicide as an extreme method to escape the reality, or impulsive problem solving against small conflict or dispute situation. Many stress of the student such as recent nuclear family, expectation of parents to their children, education problem, socio-environmental elements, individual psychological factor lead students to the extreme activity of suicide in recent days. In this study, the scope of stress experienced in the elementary school as well as idea and degree of temptation regarding suicide by the suicide prevention program were identified, and through prevention program such as meditation training, breath training and through experience of anger control, emotion-expression, self overcome and establish positive self-identity and make understanding Self-control, Self-esteem & preciousness of life based on which the effect to suicide prevention was analyzed. The study was made targeting 51 students of 2 classes of 6th grade of elementary school of Goyang-si and processed 30 minutes every morning focused on through experience & activity of the principle & method of brain science. The data was collected for 20 times before starting morning class by using Suicide Probability Scale(herein SPS-A) designed to predict effectively suicide Probability, suicide risk prediction scale, surveyed by 7 areas such as Positive outlook, Within the family closeness, Impulsivity, Interpersonal hostility, Hopelessness, Hopelessness syndrome, suicide accident. Analytical methods and validation was used the Wilcoxon's signed rank test using SPSS Program. Though the process of program in short period, but there was a effective and positive results in the 7 areas in the average comparison. But in the t-test result, there was a different outcome. It indicated changes in the 3 questionnaires (No.7, No.14, No.19) out of 31 SPS-A questionnaires, and there was a no change to the rest item. It also indicated more changes of the students in the class A than class B. And in case of the class A students, psychological changes were verified in the areas of Hopelessness syndrome, suicide accident among 7 areas after the program was processed. Through this study, it could be verified that different results could be derived depending on the Student tendency, program professional(teacher in charge, processing lecturer). The suicide prevention program presented in this article can be a help in learning and suicide prevention with consistent systematization, activation through emotion and impulse control based on emotional stress relief and positive self-identity recovery, stabilization of brain waves, and let the short period program not to be died out but to be continued connecting from childhood to adolescence capable to make surrounding environment for spiritual, physical healthy growth for which this could be an effective program for suicide prevention of the social problem.