• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.196-211
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• 2017

Despite the significance of external environmental factors in differentiation, putative factors involved in differentiation of Aspergillus nidulans have not yet been fully understood. A sporulation-specific proteome analysis of A. nidulans in the present study revealed that the expression levels of more than 2,400 proteins were affected under conditions inducing sporulation (0.6 M KCl) compared with normal conditions. Among the proteins with predicted functions, two targets, AN1342 and AN9419, were functionally analyzed using targeted deletion strains and phenotypic observations. For AN1342, because the deletion of the corresponding open reading frame caused a reduction in stalk length during asexual development and in pigment production in liquid culture, the gene was designated as sspA ($\underline{s}hort$ $\underline{s}talk$ & $\underline{p}igment$). Deletion of the AN9419 gene, which is predicted to encode alanyl-tRNA synthetase, led to severe growth defects due to alanine auxotrophy and abolishment of asexual reproduction and thus, the gene was designated as alaA.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.235-241
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• 2003

For the biological control of Phytophthora blight of red-pepper caused by Phytophthora capsici, an antibiotic-producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) Bacillus sp. KL 39 was selected from a local soil of Kyongbuk, Korea. The strain KL 39 was identified as Bacillus megaterium by various cultural, biochemical test and API and Microlog system. B. megaterium KL 39 could produce the highest antifungal antibiotic after 40 h of incubation under the optimal medium which was 0.4% fructose, 0.3% yeast extract, and 5 mM KCl at 30 C with initial pH 8.0. The antifungal antibiotic KL 39 was purified by Diaion HP-20 column, silica gel column, Sephadex LH-20 column, and HPLC. Its RF value was confirmed 0.32 by thin-layer chromatography with Ethanol:Ammonia:Water = 8:1:1. The crude antibiotic KL39 was active against a broad range of plant pathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia solani, Pyricularia oryzae, Monilinia fructicola, Botrytis cinenea, Alteranria kikuchiana, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium solani. The purified antifungal antibiotic KL39 had a powerful biocontrol activity against red-pepper phytophthora blight disease with in vivo pot test as well as the strain B. megaterium KL 39.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.276-284
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• 2008

A lactic acid bacterium having antifungal activity was isolated from kimchi. It was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum based on its morphological and biochemical properties, and 16S rRNA sequence, and designated as Lb. plantarum AF1. This isolate inhibited the growth of Aspergillus flavus ATCC 22546, A. fumigatus ATCC 96918, A. petrakii PF-1, A. ochraceus PF-2, A. nidulans PF-3, Epicoccum nigrum KF-1, and Cladosporium gossypiicola KF-2 under a dual culture overlay assay. Also, the antimicrobial activity was found to be active against various species of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The antifungal activity was found to be stable after heat ($121^{\circ}C$, 15 min) and proteolytic enzyme treatment, but it was unstable over pH 5.0. The antifungal compound(s) was estimated to have a low molecular mass (below 3,000 Da).

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.526-537
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• 2017

This study investigates the perception among college students on business ethics using Q methodology. The respondents are 34 business-major students attending a national university or a private university. The students are asked to choose words that, they think, would best represent business ethics. Results are as follows. First, we divide words related to business ethics into four types. and the explanatory power of type I, type II, type III and type IV are 25.72%, 10.87%, 6.49%, and 5.14% respectively, or 48.21% collectively. Type-I words are related to 'corporate social responsibility', type-II ones to 'sustainable management', type-III ones to 'integral management', and type-IV ones to 'responsible management', respectively. Results show that there is no significant difference in business ethics perceptions between the respondents from two different schools. Few of the sample students have ever taken a business ethics class before. The students perceive 'management philosophy and values', 'rules and regulations', and 'voluntary involvement of market participants in management,' as important factors to create a management environment for business ethics. In the $21^{st}$ century firms will be more sustainable by implementing business ethics. Therefore ethical management is not only a management philosophy but also a business strategy for a firm to survive.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.158-170
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• 2008

In response to the changing demands of ever competitive market, SK Telecom has built a new marketing system that can support dynamic marketing campaigns and, at the same time, scale up to the large volumes of data and transactions for the next decade. The system which employs Unix-based client-server (using Web browser interfaces) architecture will replace the current mainframe-based COIS system. The project, named NGM (Next Generation Marketing ), is unprecedentedly large in scale. However, both managerial and technical problems led the project into a crisis. The application framework that depended on a software solution from a major global vendor could not support the dynamic functionalities required for the new system. In March 2005, SK telecom declared the suspension of the NGM project. The second phase of the project started in May 2005 following a comprehensive replanning. It was decided that no single existing solution could cope with the complexity of the new system and hence the new system would be custom-built. As such. a number of technical challenges emerged. In this paper, we report on the three key dimensions of technical challenges - middleware and application framework, database architecture and tuning, and system performance. The processes and approaches, adopted in building NGM system, may be viewed as "best practices" in the telecom industry. The completed NGM system, now called "U.key System," successfully came into operation on the ninth of October, 2006. This new infrastructure is expected to give birth to a series of innovative, fruitful, and customer-oriented applications in the near future.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2006

A 4,971 bp chromosomal DNA fragment containing the pqrA, paraquat resistance gene, was cloned from Ochrobactrum anthropi JW-2, and the complete nucleotide sequence was determined. Nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the fragment revealed the presence of 4 complete ORFs (orf2, pqrA, orf3, orf4) and two incomplete ORFs(orf1, orf5). Orf1, pqrA, orf4 and orf5 exists at the direct strand but orf2 and orf3 exists at the reverse complementary strand. Orf1 which of incomplete sequences without start codon shares homology with ATP binding region of the response regulator receiver. Orf2 shares high homology with members of the tetR family of transcriptional repressor which have a helix-turn-helix (H-T-H) motif. Therefore, the orf2 is predicted as a transcriptional repressor of pqrA and is designated as pqrR2. Orf3 shares high homology with the members of the lysR family acting as a transcriptional activator which have both of a H-T-H motif at the N-terminal region and substrate binding domain at the C-terminal region. Therefore, the orf3 is predicted as a transcriptional activator of pqrA and is designated as pqrR1. Orf4 shows homology with the periplasmic substrate-binding protein of amino acid ABC transporter. Orf5 which of incomplete sequences without stop codon revealed the homology with the permeases protein of amino acid ABC transporter.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.518-528
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to observe the effects of road facilities that have adopted digital media such as total road facility called L.E.D media pole installed on U-street, Gangnam-gu on the pedestrians' satisfaction. Through the study, we would like to improve the brand competitiveness, increase the revisiting decision factors and suggest the fundamental development direction for the digital media road facilities on the typical pedestrian road, Gangnam street. The three factors from the studies came out to be spatial component, design component, and functional component. In order to analyze the factors, the pedestrians' behaviors were observed through a direct survey which provided 35 reserved factors. Also, the preliminary factors derived through survey questionnaires were revised by experts which compressed the result into 20 factors. The result of the regression analisis states that the 'Factor of the spatial component' is the statistically significant factor among the five elicited factors of the effect of the media pole on the pedestrian satisfaction. U-street's media pole provides the comfortable and various contents and application methods and will provide the new perspective on the purpose of pedestrians by new experience that is based on digital technology.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.339-346
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• 2007

The MJP1 bacterial strain, which possesses antifungal activity, was isolated from meju and identified as Bacillus subtilis based on its morphological and biochemical properties, as well as its 16S rRNA sequence. Antimicrobial activity was found against various species of Gram-positive bacteria, yeasts, and molds, including food-spoilage microorganisms. The antifungal activity was found to be stable after heat and proteolytic enzyme treatment, and in the pH range of $6.0{\sim}10.0$. The antibacterial activity was stable in the pH range of $6.0{\sim}10.0$, but about 50% of the activity was lost after 24 hr at $30^{\circ}C$. The antibacterial compound was also inactivated by proteolytic enzyme treatment, indicating its proteinaceous nature. The apparent molecular masses of the partially purified antifungal and antibacterial compounds, as indicated by using the direct detection method in Tricine-SDS-PAGE, were approximately 2.4 kDa and 4.5 kDa, respectively. These studies suggest that B. subtilis MJP1 produces two bacteriocin-like substances with antifungal and antibacterial activities.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.217-225
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• 2006

Among the seven taxa of the genus Vigna, Leguminosae vegetated in Korea peninsula, only two taxa, V. unguiculata subsp. unguiculata and V. vexillata var. tsusimensis, are recognized in Vigna. The rests are still remained in the genus Phaseolus in many floras and illustrations of Korea although they were placed into the genus Vigna by Verdcourt in 1970. There has been misidentification between V. angularis var. nipponensis and V. nakashimae because of their similar morphological characters and habit. It was also found that V. nakashimae has not been recorded in many floras. Objectives of this study are 1) to discuss the taxonomic differences between Vigna and Phaseolus, 2) to have a recommendation for using correct scientific names of Vigna taxa, 3) to discuss the taxonomic characteristics of the subgenus Ceratotropis, and 4) to provide a simple taxonomic key of V. angularis var. nipponensis and V. nakashimae.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.143-147
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• 2013

'Sangdojosaeng' is a new cultivar from bud spot of Citrus unshiu 'Sasaki unshiu' which has late maturity habit. It was found in 1996, and primary selected and named as 'JARES108' in 1998. 'JARES108' was grafted on to adult satsuma mandarin trees in Seogwipo-si and Jeju-si in 2000. Four years survey on the characteristics of trees and fruits from 2003 to 2006 was carried and confirmed the superiority. Thus it was finally selected as 'Sangdojosaeng'. 'Sangdojosaeng' is a very early wase type satsuma mandarin. It shows relatively strong tree vigor among the very early wase type varieties and its branches are spreading. Its ripening time is late October, 25 days earlier than 'Sasaki unshiu'. Compared to 'Ueno wase' which has similar characteristics with 'Sangdojosaeng' such as ripening time, tree vigor, fruit type and peel color, its soluble solid content of fruit is $0.6^{\circ}Bx$ higher and acidity was a little lower than 'Ueno wase'. Because this cultivar has good quality and its tree makes vigorous growth among very early wase type varieties in Jeju, we expect to substitute it for some very early wase type varieties such as 'Miyamoto wase', 'Ichifumi wase', 'Yamakawa wase', etc.