• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.948-951
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• 2003

The composition and antioxidative effects of phenolic compounds in black rice were studied. The contents of free and bound phenolic compounds extracted from black rice were 845.4 and 401.6 mg respectively per 100g sample weight. Free phenolic compounds had higher antioxidation ability than those of bound phenolic compounds. Solvent fractionation of free phenolic compounds revealed that butanol fraction had the highest phenolic compounds contents and antioxidative activity among other solvent fractions. Although butanol fraction showed lower lipid peroxidation inhibition (LPI) ability than that of $\alpha$-tocopherol and BHT, free radical scavenging ability was much higher than that of $\alpha$-tocopherol and BHT, as evidenced by electron donating ability (EDA) and benzoic acid hydroxylation inhibition (BAHI) assays.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.325-334
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to compare the content and metabolic activities between fresh pine needle juice (PNJ) and fermented pine needle juice (FPNJ). A variety of factors were measured, including total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity [DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), total radical-trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), cellular antioxidant capacity (CAC)], anti-genotoxic activity, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity, and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity. The TPC was $17.3{\pm}0.2$ and $4.6{\pm}0.0$ mg GAE/g in PNJ and FPNJ, respectively. The DPPH RSA, TRAP, and ORAC values increased in a dose-dependent manner for both PNJ and FPNJ, with significantly higher activities in PNJ than FPNJ. The CAC against AAPH-induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells was protected by both PNJ and FPNJ. Pretreatment with PNJ and FPNJ in human leukocytes produced significant reductions in $H_2O_2$-induced DNA damage at a concentration of $50{\mu}g/mL$. ${\alpha}$-Glucosidase inhibitory activity was significantly higher in FPNJ than PNJ. The ACE inhibitory activity was about 87.1% and 60.0% in 1:1 diluted PNJ and FPNJ, respectively. This study suggests that the fermentation of PNJ could enhance the regulation of blood glucose metabolism and both PNJ and FPNJ might be a new potential source of natural antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and anti-hypertensive agents applicable to food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.7
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• pp.933-940
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• 2010

To confirm antioxidant activity of black garlic, methanol extract of black garlic was fractioned by hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, buthanol and water. Antioxidant activities of solvent fractions were assayed in 100, 250, 500 and $1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$ concentrations. The contents of total phenol and flavonoids were significantly higher 5.5~11.6 times in chloroform, ethyl acetate and hexane fraction than other fractions. Antioxidant activities of solvent fractions were increased by higher sample concentrations and their activities were significantly higher in chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions than others. DPPH radical scavenging activity was over 50% in $1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$ concentration, except butanol and water fraction. In the same concentration, reducing power was also significantly lower in butanol and water fraction. ABTS radical scavenging activity was higher in hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions and was over 70% at $1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$ concentration. In $1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$ concentration, the range of hydroxy radical scavenging activity was 50.27~81.02% and SOD-like ability was 26.73~47.64%. Antioxidant activity in linoleic acid reaction system was significantly higher when storage time was longer and sample concentration was higher in non-polar solvent fractions. Nitrite scavenging activity was relatively higher than antioxidant activity and the activity in $100\;{\mu}g/mL$ concentration was over than 50%, except butanol fraction.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.133-140
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of ginsenoside contents and antioxidative activities from red ginseng after treated with high hydrostatic pressure (RGHHP). Crude saponin content in traditional red ginseng (TRG) and RGHHP were 21.93 and 27.29 mg/g, respectively. The contents of total phenolics, crude saponin and ginsenoside increased after treated with high hydrostatic pressure. TRG and RGHHP showed an increase 25.60% the highest content of Rb1 (14.10 mg/g and 17.71 mg/g). Also, Rg3 content compared with TRG and RGHHP increased 10.46%. The radical scavenging activity of hot water extract from red ginseng against the DPPH and ABTS radicals increased with the increasing amount of extract and RGHHP higher than TRG. The reducing power and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays of the red ginseng were increased in a dose dependent manner. The FRAP of TRG and RGHHP were 0.30 and 0.36 absorbance, respectively at a concentration of 10 mg/mL. The present results suggest that RGHHP would have the protective potential from oxidative stress induced by free radicals.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.511-516
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• 2003

The methanol extract from leaves of Catalpa ovata 6. DoN showed DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical-scavenging activity, and its antioxidative compounds were studied. The ethyl acetate-soluble neutral fraction from the methanol extract was successively purified with silica gel adsorption column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and HPLC. Three antioxidative compounds were isolated and identified as piperitol, pinoresinol and lariciresinol by HR-MS and NMR spectroscopic analyses. The DPPH radical-scavenging activity of the identified compounds decreased in the order of lariciresinol > pinoresinol > piperitol.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.576-583
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• 2019

The effect of aeration process in causing changes in the prosapogenin content and the antioxidant activity of red ginseng powder extracts was investigated. With respect to the color change of the extracts, the L-value and b-value decreased significantly with the lapse of extraction time both with and without the aeration process. The a-value increased with the lapse of the extraction time in the non-aeration process but decreased in the aeration process. This result suggests that when the aeration process was performed, the lightness, yellowness, and redness decreased with the lapse of the extraction time, resulting in a darker color. The total polyphenolic and total flavonoid contents were the highest at 0.84 and 0.96 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE)/mL, 21.77 and 21.93 mg GAE/mL at 24 h and 36 h, respectively for the aerated red ginseng powder extracts. The DPPH, ABTS, H₂O₂ scavenging activity, and reducing power were measured to confirm the antioxidant effects of red ginseng powder extracts after the aeration process. Thus, the antioxidant activity was increased in the aerated red ginseng powder extracts. In addition, when comparing the contents of Rb1, Rg1, and Rg3, the content of Rg3 was significantly different, and it was confirmed that a large amount was produced in the aerated red ginseng extracts. These results indicate that the red ginseng extracts subjected to the aeration process are superior than the ones processed by the non-aeration process.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.138-148
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• 2023

This study compared and analyzed the antioxidant activities of various organic solvent fractions from the leaves and roots of Peucedanum insolens Kitagawa. For this study, the dried leaves and roots of P. insolens Kitagawa were first extracted using 70% ethanol. The extracts were sequentially sub-fractionated in the order of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The results revealed that the distribution of total phenolic contents by organic solvent fractions showed the same pattern in both the leaves and roots, with the highest in the ethyl acetate fraction (101.1±1.0 mg vs 71.2±3.4 mg of GAE/mg), but the lowest content in the hexane fraction (9.5±0.2 mg vs 7.5±2.1 mg of GAE/mg). The distribution of total flavonoid content in the organic solvent fractions showed the same pattern as that of total phenolic content. The results of DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays showed that the leaf and root extracts exhibited free radical scavenging activity in the same pattern, particularly, the ethyl acetate fraction had the highest activity. These results indicate that not only the roots of P. insolens Kitagawa but also the leaves possess potential substances that exhibit strong antioxidant activity. Significant correlations (R=0.903, p<0.0001, DPPH radical; R=0.891, p<0.001, ABTS radical; R=0.745, p<0.05, FRAP radical) between total phenolics and radical scavenging activities, but also significant correlations (R=0.867, p<0.001, DPPH vs. ABTS radicals; R=0.882, p<0.0001, DPPH vs. FRAP radicals; R=0.973, p<0.0001, ABTS vs. FRAP radicals) between radical scavenging activities were found in the organic solvent fractions. Therefore, as in the roots of P. insolens Kitagawa, the leaves possess strong antioxidant capacity and can be used as the main antioxidant material.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1237-1242
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• 2009

This study was conducted to isolate strain for the preparation of fermented antler (Cervus cornu parvum) and evaluate its physiological activities. The growth degrees of twenty-one samples from Bacillus sp., Lactobacillius sp. and mushroom strain on antler extract agar were evaluated in this study, and Bacillus subtilis KH-15, SCB-3, Cordyceps militaris, Phellinus linteus, Inonotus obliquus 26136, and Inonotus obliquus 26147 were selected. The fermented antler extract by C. militaris had relatively higher contents of total sugar (1619.3 ${\mu}g$/mL), uronic acid (302.0 ${\mu}g$/mL), sulfated-glycosaminoglycan (S-GAGs) (119.9 ${\mu}g$/mL) and sialic acid (21.6 ${\mu}g$/mL) than any other extracts. The anti-complementary activities of all fermented antler extracts were higher than non-fermented antler extract, and among these samples, fermented antler extract by C. militaris showed the highest anti-complementary activity (inhibition of 50% total complement hemolysis, $ITCH_{50}$; 50.1% at 1,000 ${\mu}g$/mL). The ability of fermented antler extract by B. subtilis KH-15 to scavenge 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical ($IC_{50}$; 4.97 mg/mL) was significantly the highest (p<0.05), whereas the extract from I. obliquus exerted significantly (p<0.05) high 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity ($IC_{50}$; 16.98 mg/mL) among all samples. The results of this study suggest that physiological effects including immuno-modulating and antioxidant activities of the antler may be increased through fermentation process.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1121-1129
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• 2017

The authors evaluated the scavenging activities of ABTS+ radical, hydroxy radical (OH), nitric oxide (NO), and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) from ethanol extracts of four edible alga, Enteromorpha linza, Porphyra tenera, Sargassum fusiforme, and Undaria pinnatifida. ABTS+ scavenging activity was analyzed according to the method of Brand-Williams et al. ABTS+ scavenging activity of S. fusiforme was evaluated to 61.8% at 8.0 mg/ml. ABTS+ scavenging activity of P. tenera was evaluated to 35.7% at 8.0 mg/ml. P. tenera and U. pinnatifida showed similar inhibitions of ABTS+ scavenging activity. According to the results of the OH assay in seaweed, inhibitory activities were in the order of S. fusiforme > P. tenera > U. pinnatifida > E. linza. The results showed scavenging activity for NO in the following order of potency: S. fusiforme > P. tenera > U. pinnatifida > E. linza with concentration values of 8.0 mg/ml. The NO scavenging activities of dough, which was instant noodles mixed with S. fusiforme and 3.5% salt, were 27.2% at 8.0 mg/ml. After boiling for 5 minutes, FRAP scavenging activity of instant noodles mixed with extracts of U. pinnatifida was evaluated to 31.5% at 8.0 mg/ml. S. fusiforme showed the highest inhibition activity of ABTS+, OH, NO, and FRAP among the four algae. Thus, these findings provide evidence that P. tenera, U. Pinnatifida, S. fusiforme, and E. linza extracts could become sources of natural antioxidants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.941-945
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• 2004

To increase utilities as functional materials, nine peanut varieties were evaluated on antioxidant activity and total phenol content. Peanut varieties were individually divided into three parts such as part without seed coat, seed coat, and seed. Each of the 80% ethanol-extracted solutions from the parts was used for the assay. Inhibitory activities on low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by the part without seed coat, seed coat, and seeds from 9 varieties were respectively 85.3∼91.0%, 77.4∼85.8%, -1.7∼46.1%, and those on linoleic acid oxidation were 94.0∼94.9%, 94.2∼95.0%, 69.4∼80.2%, respectively. Seed coats, parts without seed coat, and seeds from 9 peanut varieties showed scavenging activities as 88.3∼98.7%, 16.7∼56.3%, -28.0∼20.0% on superoxide anion radical and as 89.9∼90.8%, 6.0∼12.0%, 0.6∼2.1% on 1,1-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, respectively. Total phenol contents of seed coat, seed, and part without seed coat were 12.7∼21.0 mg%, 2.46∼4.24 mg%, 0.94∼1.16 mg% as tannic acid equivalent and those of Daekwang, Daesin, Bowon, Saedl, Kipung among the peanut varieties were comparatively high. In conclusion, Daekwang, Daesin, Kipung, and Saedl among the peanut varieties showed comparatively effective antioxidant activities.