• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.463-472
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• 2004

This study was carried out to investigate the chemical composition of essential oils, absolutes and oleoresins isolated from Elsholtzia ciliata and the biological activities of them. Yields of essential oils, absolutes and oleoresins were 0.34%, 11.33% and 15.24%, respectively. The major component was naginate ketone in essential oils, methyl linolenate in absolutes and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid in oleoresins. Eseential oils and oleoresins showed the inhibitory activities in enzyme-dependent, enzyme-independent and autooxidatve lipid peroxidation systems. $EC_{50}$ values in neutral red uptake assays 24 h of exposure times were $23.3\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$, $341.0\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and $17.2\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ in essential oils, absolutes and oleoresins, respectively, and essential oils and oleoresins showed the cytotoxic effect at the only high dose. Absolutes and oleoresins did not show antibiotic and mutagenic activities. On the contrary, essential oils with over $500\;{\mu}g/plate$ showed antibiotic and mutagenic activities in Ames test. Essential oils and oleoresins have a prolongating effect the ciliostasis of rat trachea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.293-301
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• 2011

The material of the dental prosthesis was required bio-compatibility for biological, chemical, and physical stabilities. This study was conducted the stability evaluation of mechanical, biological characteristics through comparing Co-Cr alloy(SC group), Ti alloy(ST group) made by the selective laser melting method with Co-Cr alloy(CC group), Ni-Cr alloy(CN group) made by the casting method. Modulus of elasticity for mechanical characteristic evaluation was measured by the tensile test. And we conducted the release material analysis using lactic acid-NaCl solution for the evaluation of biological stability and were observed cytotoxicity through the content of this release medium. Taking these results into account, the Co-Cr alloy made by the selective laser melting method was observed modulus of elasticity higher than he Co-Cr alloy made by the casting method. And the Co-Cr alloy made by the selective laser melting method had more superior biological stability than the other groups as the result of cytotoxicity evaluation through the release material analysis. By this results, we think that alloys made by the selective laser melting method can be applied as materials for making the dental prosthesis.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.769-772
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• 2008

The problem of disposing construction waste materials has become a national and social problem. Recycled powder generated in the process of making aggregate, and the recycled powder is land-filled in its entirety. Results of toxicity testing of recycled power show that it contains base-pair substituent mutagenicity. As recycled powder is disposed of as landfill, it can cause secondary contamination such as soil and underground water contamination. There has been very little research made on recycled powder. This study has examined the utilization of concrete mixture by using recycled powder in a mixture instead of cement and compared and analyzed the characteristics of dynamics and workability. This study has examined the application of recycled powder in concrete. Depending on the replacement rate and workability, test piece was manufactured using different mixing rate by CP, WCP, PCP. The CP was used to examine the physical property of concrete and characteristics its dynamics. The letters W of WCP and P of PCP are the initials of water and mixture. They were made using the standard mixing ratiosemphasizing the workability to determine the characteristic of dynamics of concrete based on the mixing ratio of recycled powder. With the increase in the replacement rate, CP had very little change in the strength. But with the decline of slump, the workability was not good. The result of manufacturing WCP and PCP using the standard mixing ratio showed that WCP had a drop in strength compared to the plain. PCP had almost the same value as the plain only when the replacement rate was 10%. When it was higher than that, a reduction in strength was observed.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2013

To substitute animal test, skin equivalents (SEs) have been developed for skin irritation and corrosion test. Recently, we have developed new SEs containing Cervi cornus Colla (CCC). In the present study, we used the SEs for cutaneous cytotoxicity test. Sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) or sodium carbonate was applied to the SEs-, and the epidermal damage by H&E and immunohistochemical stains was evaluated. Our results showed that SDS or sodium carbonate affected the epidermal part of SEs containing CCC in a dose-dependent manner and decreased the expression of p63. It is concluded that SEs containing CCC could be used for an alternative model of animal test and would be greatly helpful in the development of in vitro irritation and corrosion test.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.500-510
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition of essential oil, absolute and oleoresin isolated from Elsholtzia splendens and their biological activities. Yields of essential oil, absolute and oleoresin extracted from Elsholtzia splendens were 0.28%, 12.45% and 9.95%, respectively. The major component was 2-cyclohexen-1-one in essential oil, methyl linolenate in absolute and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid in oleoresin. Essential oil and oleoresin showed the inhibitory activities in enzyme-dependent, enzyme-independent and autooxidative lipid peroxidation system. $EC_{50}$ values in nuetral red uptake (NRU) assays for the exposure times of 24 h were $46.4{\mu}g/ml$, $681.7{\mu}g/ml$ and $17.6{\mu}g/ml$ in essential oil, absolute and oleoresin, and oleoresins showed the cytotoxic effect at the only high dose. Any mutagenic and antibiotic activity did not show in absolute and oleoresin, but, there were mutagenic and antibiotic activities only when treated with essential oil $500{\mu}g/ml$ above in Ames test. Essential oil and oleoresin might be somewhat effective in prolongating the ciliostasis of rat trachea.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.548-551
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• 2014

In order to reduce toxicity on the human body, four new cleaning agents (1-4) containing ester and ether functionalities have been invented. The synthesized cleaning agents's physical properties, biodegradabilities, and $LD_{50}$ values, which were conducted by Korea Testing Certification Institute by using standard method, showed excellent values. A specimen for cleaning ability was prepared by cutting in $60{\times}40mm$ size of stainless steel plate. The surface of the above specimens was treated with four different kinds of contaminants, such as cutting oil, anti-rust oil, drawing oil, and lubricating oil. Contaminated specimens were then immersed in compounds (1-4) for 1 to 5 minutes to dissolve oil in the cleaning agent. The data indicate that all compounds (1-4) exhibit good cleaning ability toward four contaminant oils. It is also confirmed that these compounds can be applicable to various industrial cleaning fields as nontoxic and biodegradable cleaning agents because of their excellent biodegradabilities and $LD_{50}$ values.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.181-186
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• 2017

This paper aimed to evaluate the results of alternative acute toxicity test on 83 wastewater samples. Each sample was tested by traditional method (using laboratory cultured D. magna as a test organism) and alternative method (using Toxikit which can be purchased from a specialized company). The relationship between Lab. culture toxicity and Toxkits toxicity indicated good relation ($r^2=0.84$, p<0.01, n = 83). Number of samples which showed a small difference of lower than 0.5 between two test methods were 52 and they account for 63 percent of collected samples. In addition, these 52 samples had a lower average toxicity of TU 0.5 (Lab. culture method) and TU 0.45 (Toxkits method). Whereas samples which indicated big difference of test results between two methods, had a tendency to show higher toxicity. From these results, alternative toxicity test method could be applied to the official test method, if samples would have a lower toxicity less than TU 2. Also, Toxikit standard toxicant test results indicated $EC_{50}$ values between 0.93 and 1.68 mg/L and these results were considered as valid for quality control standard.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.478-482
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• 2010

Inhibitory melanogenesis by Bambusae caulis in Teaniam (Phyllostaachys nigra var. henonis Stapf) was studied. Tyrosinase inhibition activities were evaluated with six different extracts. Among them the extract with methanol showed the highest tyrosinase activity inhibition. MTT assay with B16 melanoma showed that the extract was not toxic up to the concentration of 50 ppm. The melanogenesis was clearly inhibited by the extract when it was examined by the melanin content assay in the cell. When the extract was dosed as 10 ppm, the melanogenesis was reduced to 68% in culture medium and 74% in the cell. By the proteome analysis with 2-D electrophoresis, 171 protein spots were found in the control gel and 282 spots were detected in the sample gel. Among 120 spot proteins matched, 12 spots were identified as proteins involved in the melanogenesis mechanism.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2019

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) has a intrinsic function of inducing growth and proliferation of cells through interacting with cell membrane receptors in human epidermis and dermis layer. These functions of EGF are used as a main ingredient for wound healing medicines and anti-aging cosmetics. As a cosmetic ingredient, the EGF has a problem in exhibiting its natural efficacy due to the lack of the ability to penetrate through the stratum corneum, which is known as the skin barrier. In this study, a recombinant human epidermal growth factor ($MTD_{151}-EGF$) fused with the macromolecule transduction domain $(MTD)_{151}$ with the skin penetration ability was developed to improve the skin penetration efficiency of the EGF. Expression of $MTD_{151}-EGF$ was performed in E. coli transformed with a vector encoding the $MTD_{151}-EGF$ gene and then purified. The purified $MTD_{151}-EGF$ was evaluated using cell proliferation assay, cytotoxicity test and skin penetration test by franz diffusion cell assay and artificial skin. Cell proliferation activity of $MTD_{151}-EGF$ purified to high purity of 99% or above was equivalent to the EGF or better, and cytotoxicity was not observed. In addition, the $MTD_{151}-EGF$ showed an excellent penetration efficiency compared to the EGF in the skin penetration test with EGF and $MTD_{151}-EGF$ labeled by FITC in an artificial skin penetration model. Based on the quantitative analysis of the penetrating substance using franz diffusion cell assay, the amount of penetration was about 16 times more than that of EGF. These results can be regarded as an effective alternative to improve the existing physical transdermal penetration method related to the use of various active ingredients for cosmetics.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2006

The use of underarm and body care cosmetics with oestrogenic chemical excipients (particularly the parabens) and the hypothesized association with breast cancer incidence, particularly in women. It is noted that the type of cosmetic product is irrelevant (e.g. antiperspirant/deodorant versus body lotion, moisturizers or sprays versus creams) and attention must focus on issues of actual exposure to chemicals through continued dermal application of body care products and the endocrine/hormonal activity and toxicity of the chemicals in the formulations. To evaluate the estrogenic activities of parabens such as ethylparaben, butylparaben, propylparaben, isobutylparaben and isopropylparaben, we used recombinant yeasts containing the human estrogen receptor [Saccharomyces cerevisiae ER+LYS 8127], human breast cancer MCF-7 cell lines and human estrogen receptor ${\alpha}\;and\;{\beta}$. In E-screen assays, isopropylparaben is the most estrogenic paraben, and in ER competition assay, isobutylparaben is the most estrogenic paraben. We evaluated isopropylparaben was most active in the recombinant yeast assay, followed by propylparaben, ethylparaben, isobutylparaben and butylparaben. Results from this study demonstrate that parabens are observed in human endocrine system. Therefore, we have shown that the parabens is induced the estrogenic activities similar to $17{\beta}$-estradiol and Bisphenol-A.