• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.552-565
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• 2016

This study aimed to examine the association between material hardship and alcohol use among low-income households in Korea, with particular attention to whether the association was mediated by family conflict and self-esteem. Using a nationally representative sample of 960 low-income households, this study conducted a path analysis to test a structural model liking material hardship to alcohol use through family conflict and self-esteem. The significance of indirect paths was tested by a Sobel test. This study found that experiencing material hardship was directly associated with low levels of coping skills for family conflict and low levels of self-esteem, but not with alcohol use. However, material hardship was indirectly associated with alcohol use through low levels of coping skills for family conflict as well as low levels of self-esteem. The findings of this study suggest that experiencing material hardship among low-income households would be a socio-structural stressor for alcohol use, particularly in that it increases secondary role and intra-psychic strains. Implications to address material hardship and alcohol use among low-income households were discussed.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.251-260
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• 2022

This study analyzed the relationships between changes in family life due to COVID-19, daily stress, work-family balance conflict and the job satisfaction of married working women. The subjects of this study were 1,934 married women wage workers who were extracted from the data of the 8th year of the female family panel survey surveyed in 2020. Path analysis was conducted to analyze the hypothesis using AMOS 21.0. The study results revealed that family life change doesn't directly affect work-family balance conflict, but increases job satisfaction. But family life change indrectly affects increasing work-family balance conflict and decreasing job satisfaction through daily stress. And daily stress affects increasing work-family balance conflict and decreasing job satisfaction. Additionally work-family balance conflict has an effect on reducing job satisfaction. Based on the results, practice and policy suggestions were made to reduce work-family balance conflict and increase job satisfaction of married working women.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.193-202
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of EDI in Channels of Distribution. The author presents a theoretical model related EDI and suggests how this model should be conceptualized. A model was estimated with data from 92 suppliers. The results revealed that suppliers' satisfaction was positively related to the performance of EDI. Also, the performance of EDI and dependence of suppliers were positively related to EDI.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.445-452
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• 2009

In this study, the influences of the context of discrepant events on the conceptual change process using cognitive conflict strategy were investigated in terms of students' cognitive and motivational variables such as cognitive conflict, situational interest, attention, effort, conceptual understanding. A preconception test was administered to 536 seventh graders. A test of response to a discrepant event and a situational interest questionnaire were then administered. The context of discrepant events, either scientific or everyday, was randomly presented to the subjects. After learning the concept of density, the tests of attention, effort, and conceptual understanding were administered. The reponses of 194 students who had been found to possess the target misconception were analyzed. The results revealed that the scientific-context discrepant event induced higher cognitive conflict than everyday-context one. The context of discrepant events, however, did not show significant correlations with situational interest, attention, effort, and/or conceptual understanding. The result of path analysis indicated that the context of discrepant events both directly influenced cognitive conflict and indirectly influenced conceptual understanding via cognitive conflict.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.293-303
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• 2015

This study examined the relationships among work-family role conflicts(WFC, FWC), work distress(WDIS), and life satisfaction(LS) for female workers using child daycare center in workplace. From the data of 137 female workers, it showed statistically significant results that FWC on WDIS and WDIS on WFC were positive. It also demonstrated the degree of WFC was higher, the LS level was lower. The results revealed not only WDIS fully mediated between FWC and LS, but also WFC partially mediated the relationship between WIDS and LS. Comparing to the previous studies that failed to tell the directions of work-family role conflicts on LS, this study distinguished the bi-directional work-family role conflicts in searching for causal relationships among WFC, FWC, WDIS, and LS. This study recommended further studies for comparing female workers using child daycare center in workplace or not.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.3924-3933
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships of social support, marital conflict, self-efficacy, and mothers' parenting stress, which are known as affecting mothers' parenting behaviors of infants a lot. To this study, We used of Korea Institute of Child Care and Education's "Panel Survey of Korea Child; 2009" data. The subjects of mothers of 11~18 months infants 1,467(M=739, F=728). In order to analyze collected data, Person correlation analysis, regression/path analysis were used. The results of the study were as follows: First, the correlations among social support, marital conflict, self-efficacy, and mothers' parenting stress were between -.475 and .401, which are all significant on the level of within p<.01. Of those the correlation between the variable of self-efficacy, and mothers' parenting stress was shown highest as of -.475. Second, the correlations among these variables and mothers' parenting behaviors of infants were between -.484 and .350(all, p<.01). Mothers' parenting stress shows the highest correlations of all, next social support, self-efficacy, marital conflict in order. Third, multiple-correlation of .533, which explains at 28.4 percentage of total variance of the mothers' parenting behaviors. And -.396 in the degree of mothers' parenting stress, which explains at 15.7 percentage of the total variance of the mothers' parenting behaviors, while .223 in social support(4.97%). But marital conflict has not direct effects but indirect effects.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.206-217
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to explore the causal relationships between turnover intention and its influencing factors among married female nurses. The participants included 148 married nurses at 5 general hospitals in J city. Data were collected by using self-reported questionnaires and were analyzed by using SPSS and AMOS software. The overall fitness of the modified path model to the data was good ($x^2/df=0.002$, GFI = 1.00, AGFI = 1.00, RMSEA = 0.00, NFI = 1.00, CFI = 1.00, TLI = 1.09). Job stress, social support, work-family conflict, and burnout explained 32.0% of the variance in turnover intention of the participants. In particular, work-family conflict had a complete mediating effect between job stress and burnout. In addition, work-family conflict had partial mediating effects between social support and burnout as well as between social support and turnover intention. Social support had direct and indirect effects on work-family conflict, burnout, and turnover intention. In conclusion, strategies for decreasing married nurses' burnout and turnover intention should focus on reducing work-family conflict and increasing social support.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-32
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• 2011

I. Introduction: In Chinese electronics industry, the local wholesalers are still dominant but power is rapidly swifting from wholesalers to retailers because in recent foreign big retailers and local mass merchandisers are growing fast. During such transient period, conflicts among channel members emerge important issues. For example, when wholesalers who have more power exercise influence strategies to maintain status, conflicts among manufacturer, wholesaler, and retailer will be intensified. Korean electronics companies in China need differentiated channel strategies by dealing with wholesalers and retailers simultaneously to sell more Korean products in competition with foreign firms. For example, Korean electronics firms should utilize 'guanxi' or relational quality to form long-term relationships with whloesalers instead of power and conflict issues. The major purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of conflict, dependency, and influence strategies between local Korean-products-selling retailers and wholesalers on performance in Chinese electronics distribution channels. In particular, this paper proposes effective distribution strategies for Korean electronics companies in China by analyzing moderating effects of 'Guanxi'. II. Literature Review and Hypotheses: The specific purposes of this study are as follows. First, causes of conflicts between local Korean-products-selling retailers and wholesalers are examined from the perspectives of goal incongruence and role ambiguity and then effects of these causes are found out on perceived conflicts of local retailers. Second, the effects of dependency of local retailers upon wholesalers are investigated on local retailers' perceived conflicts. Third, the effects of non-coercive influence strategies such as information exchange and recommendation and coercive strategies such as threats and legalistic pleas exercised by wholesalers are explored on perceived conflicts by local retailers. Fourth, the effects of level of conflicts perceived by local retailers are verified on local retailers' financial performance and satisfaction. Fifth, moderating effects of relational qualities, say, 'quanxi' between wholesalers and retailers are analyzed on the impact of wholesalers' influence strategies on retailers' performances. Finally, moderating effects of relational qualities are examined on the relationship between conflicts and performance. To accomplish above-mentioned research objectives, Figure 1 and the following research hypotheses are proposed and verified. III. Measurement and Data Analysis: To verify the proposed research model and hypotheses, data were collected from 97 retailers who are selling Korean electronic products located around Central and Southern regions in China. Covariance analysis and moderated regression analysis were employed to validate hypotheses. IV. Conclusion: The following results were drawn using structural equation modeling and hierarchical moderated regression. First, goal incongruence perceived by local retailers significantly affected conflict but role ambiguity did not. Second, consistent with conflict spiral theory, the level of conflict decreased when retailers' dependency increased toward wholesalers. Third, noncoercive influence strategies such as information exchange and recommendation implemented by wholesalers had significant effects on retailers' performance such as sales and satisfaction without conflict. On the other hand, coercive influence strategies such as threat and legalistic plea had insignificant effects on performance in spite of increasing the level of conflict. Fourth, 'guanxi', namely, relational quality between local retailers and wholesalers showed unique effects on performance. In case of noncoercive influence strategies, 'guanxi' did not play a role of moderator. Rather, relational quality and noncoercive influence strategies can serve as independent variables to enhance performance. On the other hand, when 'guanxi' was well built due to mutual trust and commitment, relational quality as a moderator can positively function to improve performance even though hostile, coercive influence strategies were implemented. Fifth, 'guanxi' significantly moderated the effects of conflict on performance. Even if conflict arises, local retailers who form solid relational quality can increase performance by dealing with dysfunctional conflict synergistically compared with low 'quanxi' retailers. In conclusion, this study verified the importance of relational quality via 'quanxi' between local retailers and wholesalers in Chinese electronic industry because relational quality could cross out the adverse effects of coercive influence strategies and conflict on performance.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.69-89
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• 2012

This study was to examine the effects of young children's temperament and teacher-child relationship on young children's problem behaviors. The subjects of this study were 231 3-, 4- and 5- year old children and their teachers. The collected data were analyzed by correlations and pathway analysis. The results were as follows: First, young children's temperament were found to affect young children's problem behaviors directly and indirectly though teacher-child relationship. 'Negative emotionality' and 'attention span/persistence' temperament were found to be important for externalizing problem behaviors, and 'activity level' temperament to be important for internalizing problem behaviors. Second, teacher-child relationship was found to affect young children's problem behaviors directly and to mediate between young children's temperament and problem behaviors. Additionally teacher-child conflict relationship was found to be the most important variable predicting young children's externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.18-27
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• 2007

This study examined the influences of cognitive conflict and non-cognitive variables induced by a discrepant event on process of conceptual change, and the processes that a discrepant event lead to situational interest. Seventh graders participated in this study. A preconception test was administered to select students possessing misconceptions about density. The tests of cognitive response and situational interest to a discrepant event were administered. After learning with a CAl program, the tests assessing attention and effort allocated to the CAl, and conceptual understanding were also administered. A path analysis revealed that cognitive conflict induced by a discrepant event caused situational interest, which in turn increased attention and/or effort and thus, resulted in conceptual change. The results of the path analysis on the processes in which a discrepant event led to situational interest suggested that novelty may be a primary source of situational interest. Novelty influenced situational interest directly as well as through attention demand, exploration intention, and instant enjoyment. Moreover, novelty exerted a direct effect on challenge, which in turn had negative effects on instant enjoyment directly as well as through cognitive conflict, and thus, decreased situational interest. However, the path coefficients of the latter were relatively smaller than those of the former. Educational implications are discussed.