• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.496-501
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• 2009

In order to promote the efficiency of strawberry breeding programs, pollen viability of strawberry, 'Seolhyang' was investigated using the fluorochromatic reaction test and seed set under controlled environment. Pistil receptivity was also assessed by hand pollination. Four varieties including 'Maehyang' were used for the test of pistil receptivity with 'Seolhyang' as a pollen parent. Pollen viability remained high for several days under dry conditions as below 33% relative humidity while the greatest loss of viability occurred at 76% relative humidity. The viability was rapidly decreased at high humidity and almost all grains were unviable in 7 days after storage. Pollen viability does not appear to be drastically reduced if the relative humidity is low. Therefore, humidity is more important factor than temperature for the pollen viability in Fragaria${\times}$ananassa. The rate of seed set by hand pollination lasted higher than the average of 77.2% from 2 to 8 days after emasculation when the daily average temperature was around $15^{\circ}C$ in plastic house. It began to decline gradually from 10 days and had decreased dramatically after 12 days except several cultivars. Based on the daily mean accumulated temperature, it is recommended to have an artificial pollination between the range of $45{\sim}140^{\circ}C$ after the emasculation to increase the rate of seed set in strawberry.

• Clean Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.74-80
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• 2019

Thermochemical treatment of sewage sludge is an energy-intensive process due to its high moisture content. To save the energy consumed during the process, the hydrothermal carbonization process for sewage sludge can be used to convert sewage sludge into clean solid fuel without pre-drying. This study is aimed to investigate co-firing characteristics of the hydrothermally carbonated sewage sludge (HCS) to a pulverized coal combustion system. The purpose of the measurement is to measure the pollutants produced during co-firing and combustion efficiency. The combustion system used in this study is a furnace with a down-firing swirl burner of a $80kW_{th}$ thermal input. Two sub-bituminous coals were used as a main fuel, and co-firing ratio of the sewage sludge was varied from 0% to 10% in a thermal basis. Experimental results show that $NO_x$ is 400 ~ 600 ppm, $SO_x$ is 600 ~ 700 ppm, and CO is less than 100 ppm. Experimental results show that stable combustion was achieved for high co-firing ratio of the HCS. Emission of $NO_x$ and $SO_x$ was decreased for higher co-firing ratio in spite of the higher nitrogen contents in the HCS. In addition, it was found that the pollutant emission is affected significantly by composition of the main fuel, regardless of the co-firing ratios.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.96-104
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• 2018

Military vessels are complex weapon systems consisting of various integrated onboard equipment. Since their acquisition of military equipment takes a long period of time and a prototype ship is deployed and tested, vessel development has relied on its proprietary process. However, due to the growing complexity of onboard equipment technology, application of systems engineering (SE) process has become indispensable. Nonetheless, an effective design process complementing the existing design with the SE has not yet been developed. As such, we have studied an improved basic design process for submarines based on SE. To do so, we analyzed the processes for the basic design, technical review, and requirement management. Included reviews and requirements are SRR, SFR and PDR, and SSRS, SSS, and SSDD. By combining the results in the SE framework, we built an improved basic design process that can be applied in parallel with the SE-based technical review and requirement management. To assess the process, we applied our proposed model to the submarine development undergoing the basic design phase. It is possible to effectively manage the requirements, design artifacts and improve traceability, and also utilize them as test and evaluation materials. The SE-based basic design process is expected to be useful in other kinds of vessel design.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.132-135
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• 2019

This study aimed to develop a new method of Lentinula edodes cultivation to reduce labor and waste disposal. To identify the optimum container for L. edodes cultivation, box, bottle, and bag containers were assessed for their effects on the cultural characteristics and mushroom yield. Among the three approaches, box-cultivation with 7 kg of substrate had the shortest browning period (42 days) and resulted in the highest mushroom yield (1,253 g). Contrastingly, bottle-cultivation was unsuitable for cultivation due to low production of the fruiting bodies and poor quality. Further studies on the box-cultivation approach will be required for commercial applications of L. edodes.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.280-285
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to increase the efficiency of starch extraction from potato sludge by different concentration of food-grade hemicellulase. The potato sludge, which is a by-product of potato processing industry, was treated with food-grade hemicellulase. Starch extraction efficiency displayed no significant difference in hemicellulase concentration. The purities of potato starch increased from 83.40 to 95.91, 97.44, 95.58, and 97.79%, with treated 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.5% hemicellulase, respectively. The physicochemical properties of the starches, such as granule structure, particle size, pasting, and thermal transition, were not affected by the concentration of hemicellulase. These results indicate that food-grade hemicellulase treatment is an efficient method for starch extraction from potato sludge.

• New Physics: Sae Mulli
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• v.68 no.12
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• pp.1315-1323
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• 2018

We studied the carbonization due to the annealing condition of waste coffee powder for application as an active anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The coffee powder used as an active anode material for LIBs was obtained from coffee beans, not from a coffee shells. The waste coffee powder was dried in air and heat-treated in an $Ar/H_2$ atmosphere to obtain a pore-forming activated carbon powder. The specific capacity of the sample annealed at $700^{\circ}C$ was still 303 mAh/g after 1000 cycles at a current density of 1000 mA/g and with a coulombic efficiency of over 99.5%. The number of pores and the pore size of the waste coffee powder were increased due to chemical treatment with KOH, which had the some effect as an increased specific surface area. The waste coffee powder is considered to be a very promising active anode material because of both its excellent electrochemical properties due to enhanced carrier conduction and its being a cost effective resource for use in LIBs.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2019

This study was carried out using Celluclast 1.5L to increase the content of 2,6-DMBQ and water extractable arabinoxylan in wheat germ extract. Extraction temperatures were 30℃, 45℃ and 60℃. The extraction times were 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30 h. The pH of the extract decreased rapidly from 18 h at 30℃ in both water- and enzyme-treated extracts. 2,6-DMBQ of water- and enzyme-treated extracts increased with the extraction time. At 30-hour extraction time, enzyme-treated extract increased 27.60% at 30℃ extraction temperature than water extraction. Extraction temperatures of 45℃ and 60℃ were increased by 65.03% and 151.05%, respectively. The highest content of water-extractable arabinoxylan was 15.23±0.08 mg/g when the enzyme was treated at an extraction temperature of 60℃ for 30 h. At 30=hour extraction time, enzyme-treated extract increased 7.92% at 30℃ extraction temperature compared to water extraction. Extraction temperatures of 45℃ and 60℃ were increased by 31.20% and 54.38%, respectively.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2020

In shipyards, internal materials are assembled after designing and manufacturing each ship's block. Internal material assembly means the installation of parts and equipment except ship's body. In this process, if the assembly of pipes and equipment existing in the block is not done correctly during the assembly between blocks, this causes a lot of costs. In addition, even if the assembly of the internal materials already completed, the production efficiency of the ship is reduced due to rework when problems such as space arrangement of the internal materials occurs. Therefore, this study introduces space arrangement and inspection system before and after hull outfitting work based on coexistence reality technology using 3D design drawing to solve these problems. The various coexistence reality algorithms and inspection systems developed and introduced in this study are based on AR service, which has never been introduced in Korea. So it will be widely applicable to various manufacturing industries using design drawings such as automobiles and architectures as well as ship building process.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.346-352
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• 2022

Mountain meteorology in South Korea that is covered mountains with complex terrain is important for understanding and managing the forest disaster and forest ecosystems. In particular, recent changes in dryness and/or rainfall intensity due to climate change may cause an increase in the possibility of forest disasters. Therefore, accurate monitoring of mountain meteorology is needed for efficient forest management. Korea Forest Service (KFS) is establishing the Automatic Mountain Meteorology Observation Stations (AMOS) in the mountain regions since 2012. 464 AMOSs are observing various meteorological variables such as air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and direction, precipitation, soil temperature, and air pressure for every minute, which is conducted the quality control (QC) to retain data reliability. QC process includes the physical limit test, step test, internal consistency test, persistence test, climate range test, and median filter test. All of AMOS observations are open to use, which can be found from the Korean Mountain Meteorology Information System (KoMIS, http://mtweather.nifos.go.kr/) of the National Institute of Forest Science and the Public Data Portal (https://public.go.kr/). AMOS observations with guaranteed quality can be used in various forest fields including the public safety, forest recreation, forest leisure activities, etc., and can contribute to the advancement of forest science and technology. In this paper, a series of processes are introduced to collect and use the AMOS dataset in the mountain region in South Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

Currently, the Korea Meteorological Administration evaluates the meteorological drought by region using SPI6(standardized precipitation index 6), which is a 6-month cumulative precipitation standard. However, SPI is an index calculated only in consideration of precipitation at 69 weather stations, and the drought phenomenon that appears for complex reasons cannot be accurately determined. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to calculate and compare SPI considering only precipitation and SDCI (Scaled Drought Condition Index) considering precipitation, vegetation index, and temperature in Gyeonggi. In addition, the advantages and disadvantages of the station data-based drought index and the satellite image-based drought index were identified by using results calculated through the comparison of SPI and SDCI. MODIS(MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite image data, ASOS(Automated Synoptic Observing System) data, and kriging were used to calculate SDCI. For the duration of precipitation, SDCI1, SDCI3, and SDCI6 were calculated by applying 1-month, 3-month, and 6-month respectively to the 8 points in 2014. As a result of calculating the SDCI, unlike the SPI, drought patterns began to appear about 2-month ago, and drought by city and county in Gyeonggi was well revealed. Through this, it was found that the combination of satellite image data and station data increased efficiency in the pattern of drought index change, and increased the possibility of drought prediction in wet areas along with existing dry areas.