• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-40
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• 2016

This thesis is a study on the symbolism of 'Yeondo', a prayer for the souls in purgatory of Korean Catholic Church as a 'psychic container' for the spiritual transformation in the psyche from a perspective of analytical psychology. Yeondo' could be the 'rites of passage' of the last judgement for the souls in purgatory which is in between the heaven and the hell. And both the bereaved and the dead go through the stages of separation, transition and incorporation which are the schema of the 'rites of passage'. In particular, they have a special sense of solidarity at the stage of transition, a middle state. The symbolic process of 'Yeondo' is a spiritual transformation of recovery of paradise which could access by the confusion of death, purification and the rebirth. A spiritual reborn process of death and rebirth takes place by contacting the collective unconscious. In 'Yeondo', the death is not the end of life but the beginning of the eternal life. The confusion and disintegration caused by death can be purified and start incorporating. The rites of a paradise recovery has the meaning of trying constantly for the recovery of a wholeness. Praying for the blessing of God and a help from saints in paradise for the sake of the dead means to require conscious cooperation for the Self-realization. Integrating and recognizing unconscious also means something beyond the conscious. The blessed souls in purgatory recovers the paradise experiencing specific purifying process heading towards Self. Going into the center, abyss of unconscious will be recognized as an absolute part of oneself. One becomes the inner man, the transformed personality who is reached by the path of self-knowledge, the kingdom of heaven within oneself and can have the transpersonal energy, which enables to access to God's world and union with God. All desire and the will become one with God. In the final analysis, praying for the blessing of God and a help from saints in paradise for the sake of the dead becomes the path for the more and more conscious expansion of the alive. Therefore, 'Yeondo' as an initiation is the individuation process of the alive and the dead to reflect on themselves.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.27-64
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• 2010

The main focus of this article investigates Jung's analytic implications of the Spiritual Exercises by St. Ignatius of Loyola. The Exercises is referred to not only as the tool for transformation that transformed Ignatius from a soldier of the world into a soldier of God and led him to a completely changed life but also as a tool which galvanizes self-realization, i.e., individuation process, in which a faithful experiences the presence of God in his life and is in search for himself in a new way. The interest in the Exercises regarded as a Western version of Yoga of the East which is a tool for transformation led Jung to give a series of 20 lectures on the Exercises in a seminar held in Zurich from 1939 to 1940. Curiosity about Jung's understanding on the Exercises provokes my desire to step into this research. The Exercises is a book for spiritual exercises that prepare and dispose one's soul to rid itself of all disordered attachments and to order one's life. The Exercises is made up of four Weeks. The First begins with 'Principle and Foundation' which illustrates what human beings are created for. It leads retreatants to rid themselves of disordered attachments and to have a new perspective on life by the consideration and contemplation of sins as the subversion of the Principle and Foundation. The Second is the period in which retreatants accept Christ as the Master of their lives through the meditation and contemplation of the life of Christ. In the Third, retreatants take part in the salvation history of Christ not only by actively participating in the Passion of Christ but also by incorporating the Passion into their lives. The Fourth aids retreatants to undergo their transformation and experience it deeply in order to participate in the new life of Christ who by His resurrection overcame death. In conclusion, Jung viewed the Exercises as a Western tool which plays the similar role of Yoga of the East which engenders inner transformation. The four-week-long retreat helps retreatants to meditate on God who unifies everything and is Himself/Herself the perfect union or the unity so that imperfect retreatants are given opportunities to undergo complete metamorphosis into the immortal, indivisible, and impeccable God. Jung understood that this metamorphosis leads human beings to the totality, that is, the genuine self as the image of God. The author interprets that it is the transformation that the Exercises tries to attain, which resonates with individuation, the key element of analytic psychology.

• Sim-seong Yeon-gu
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-44
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• 2023

Hexagram Bi (比 ䷇ 8) is one of the hexagrams comprised of one-unbroken line and five-broken lines. The hexagrams of one-unbroken and five-broken lines symbolize the relationship and dynamics between one yang-consciousness and the five-yin unconsciousness. The hexagram of one-unbroken line and five-broken lines has six different images depending on the position of the one unbroken line from the beginning line to the top line. In terms of psychology, this means that the position change of one yang line in relation to five yin lines may symbolize the function of consciousness which clarifies and determines the content of the psyche. In addition, the flow of psychic energy can be examined through the process of one unbroken line's movement. In other words, the psychic contents of the beginning line of hexagram Bok (復 ䷗ 24), which is the beginning of the hexagram of one-unbroken line and five-broken lines, proceed sequentially, and then arrive at the process of the last sixth, hexagram Bak (剝 ䷖ 23) through the fifth, the hexagram Bi (8). That is, it can be said that the content of the hexagram and the line determined according to the position of one unbroken line show a certain psychic flow. As a result, the first hexagram Bok (復 ䷗ 24), after recovering and starting newly, means the beginning of consciousness. After that the process of proceeding with the second, third, and fourth lines represents the flow of consciousness. And in the fifth place, the fifth line of hexagram Bi, it reaches its peak and is placed in the optimal state of consciousness because of its right and centered position at this hexagram Bi. Like nature, the psyche gradually enters the path of decline from the highest state, which leads to the last sixth, the top line of hexagram Bak. However, the top line of the hexagram Bak, where everything falls off, contains the content of starting again in its top line. It is the beginning line of hexagram Bok to inherit this. This means the circumambulation of the psyche that changes from a psychologically difficult state of depression to a stage of recovery. There is a stage that must be passed in this circulation process, and that is the hexagram Gon (坤 ䷁ 2). October(tenth month)'s hexagram Gon is placed between hexagram Bak, the ninth month of the lunar calendar, and hexagram Bok, the eleventh month of the lunar calendar. This represents that the flow of recovery must go through a maternal process of hexagram Gon. The retreat to the psychological uterus is inevitable in regenerating the psyche. This process flows from the hexagram Bak and through hexagram Gon to the hexagram Bok. At this situation the hexagram Gon acts the absolutely necessary role. In addition, the main body of the hexagrams of one-unbroken and five-broken lines, including the Bi hexagram, is also the Gon hexagram composed of six-broken lines. In other words, all six hexagrams of one-unbroken and five-broken lines have a certain relationship with the Gon hexagram, and it would be meaningful to look at the correlation between the unbroken lines of the hexagrams of one-unbroken and five-broken lines and the corresponding broken lines of the hexagram Gon. This can be said to be the dynamics of the maternal unconscious connected to the state of consciousness in six forms. Therefore, each hexagram of one-unbroken and five-broken lines symbolizes the expression of the integration the mother archetype with the consciousness. Revealing this well is the meaning of the hexagram of one-unbroken and five-broken lines. Its hexagram image consists of a combination of Gon (☷), which symbolizes the mother, and the thunder (☳) the eldest son, the water (☵) the middle son and the mountain (☶) the third son. As a result, the hexagram Bok (復 ䷗ 24), Sa (師 ䷆ 7), Gyeom (謙 ䷠ 15), Ye (豫 ䷏ 16), Bi (比 ䷇ 8) and Bak (剝 ䷖ 23) are sequentially created in the order of the unbroken line. This is symbolically the evolutionary process of consciousness. In this way, the hexagrams of one-unbroken and five-broken lines, which mean the conjunction of mother and son, represent the advancing relationship between the maternal unconscious and consciousness. In addition, the relationship with the mother according to the position of the son is related to the dynamics of mother archetype to the attitude of consciousness. The psychological meaning can be deduced from the flow of six lines of hexagrams of one-unbroken and five-broken lines. And the state in which the activation of the consciousness is at its peak is the fifth line of the hexagram Bi, and comparing it with the contents of the corresponding fifth line of hexagram Gon not only can find the state and meaning of the conjunction of consciousness and the maternal unconscious, but the entire flow can be compared to the individuation process.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.147-157
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• 2013

With the advent of the digital environment that can be accessed anytime, anywhere with the introduction of high-speed network, the free distribution and use of digital content were made possible. Ironically this environment is raising a variety of copyright infringement, and product images used in the online shopping mall are pirated frequently. There are many controversial issues whether shopping mall images are creative works or not. According to Supreme Court's decision in 2001, to ad pictures taken with ham products is simply a clone of the appearance of objects to deliver nothing but the decision was not only creative expression. But for the photographer's losses recognized in the advertising photo shoot takes the typical cost was estimated damages. According to Seoul District Court precedents in 2003, if there are the photographer's personality and creativity in the selection of the subject, the composition of the set, the direction and amount of light control, set the angle of the camera, shutter speed, shutter chance, other shooting methods for capturing, developing and printing process, the works should be protected by copyright law by the Court's sentence. In order to receive copyright protection of the shopping mall images by the law, it is simply not to convey the status of the product, the photographer's personality and creativity can be recognized that it requires effort. Accordingly, the cost of making the mall image increases, and the necessity for copyright protection becomes higher. The product images of the online shopping mall have a very unique configuration unlike the general pictures such as portraits and landscape photos and, therefore, the general image watermarking technique can not satisfy the requirements of the image watermarking. Because background of product images commonly used in shopping malls is white or black, or gray scale (gradient) color, it is difficult to utilize the space to embed a watermark and the area is very sensitive even a slight change. In this paper, the characteristics of images used in shopping malls are analyzed and a watermarking technology which is suitable to the shopping mall images is proposed. The proposed image watermarking technology divide a product image into smaller blocks, and the corresponding blocks are transformed by DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform), and then the watermark information was inserted into images using quantization of DCT coefficients. Because uniform treatment of the DCT coefficients for quantization cause visual blocking artifacts, the proposed algorithm used weighted mask which quantizes finely the coefficients located block boundaries and coarsely the coefficients located center area of the block. This mask improves subjective visual quality as well as the objective quality of the images. In addition, in order to improve the safety of the algorithm, the blocks which is embedded the watermark are randomly selected and the turbo code is used to reduce the BER when extracting the watermark. The PSNR(Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) of the shopping mall image watermarked by the proposed algorithm is 40.7~48.5[dB] and BER(Bit Error Rate) after JPEG with QF = 70 is 0. This means the watermarked image is high quality and the algorithm is robust to JPEG compression that is used generally at the online shopping malls. Also, for 40% change in size and 40 degrees of rotation, the BER is 0. In general, the shopping malls are used compressed images with QF which is higher than 90. Because the pirated image is used to replicate from original image, the proposed algorithm can identify the copyright infringement in the most cases. As shown the experimental results, the proposed algorithm is suitable to the shopping mall images with simple background. However, the future study should be carried out to enhance the robustness of the proposed algorithm because the robustness loss is occurred after mask process.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.1180-1187
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• 2006

We Studied the method of structuring the sign system for pedestrians in the underground space by investigating and analyzing the sign system at Tae-jon Underground Commercial Area in Korea by 1) classifying the signs by types and comparing their numder for each type in sections, 2) classiflying the signs by the points of installation, types, functions and contents of information and comparing their numbers, 3) classifying the signs by their height and comparing by the points of installation, and 4) classifying the signs by their points of installation finding patterns. As a result, we found out that the current pedestrian signs in Tae-jon Underground Commercial Area could by classified into those installted with a certain regularity and those concentrated in at certain points. We also found out that there were many problems with the current signs system. The big gap of the type and numble of the signs, concentration of the signs at the gate (entrance), and the big gap of the function of the signs by their points of installation. And the gap of the signs by the number of installation is big between the North side and the South side. Most of signs concentrated in the South side show the problems of installation attached by the types and quantity of information. We suggest that type of information has consistency by posting of signs, at the same time, the necessary information should be offered in order for the pedestrians to easily recognize as they more in the Underground space.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.13-35
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact on job satisfaction of the chinese bank staff by judging their motivators and hygiene factors. To explore the regulation of demographic characteristics between motivators, hygiene factors and job satisfaction. In the banking organization through the use of various elements of motivation duties assigned to meet organizational objectives put forward in order to achieve an effective incentive scheme given. In summary the results of analysis, the impact on motivator and job satisfaction in the work itself the result of regression analysis, promotion and recognition of the growth and job satisfaction in order to affect a positive sense of accomplishment and responsibility on the other hand, the task appeared was found not to affect satisfaction. The motivators of the bankers its positive influence on job satisfaction than hygiene factors were relatively high. And moderating effect of demographic characteristics and to validate the results, demographic characteristics and health factors are motivation and job satisfaction in the relationship between the presence of the control effect was analyzed. The relationship between motivation and job satisfaction is the demographic characteristics were analyzed to control that acts as a tour director, Hygiene factors influence job satisfaction is based on demographic characteristics was analyzed the age and education have been shown to exist, while Sex, tours, position the relationship between job satisfaction and hygiene factors do not exist in the control effect was analyzed.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.33
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• pp.363-382
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• 2013

Up until about ten years ago, the use of typography played only an auxiliary role on broadcast television programs, primarily by transmitting information in order to facilitate a basic understanding of content. Recently, however, kinetic typography has become an important component in broadcast production. In fact, kinetic typography has developed into a visual language and a means of artistic expression, one that is increasingly used in the production of entertainment programs on television. This paper analyzes six aspects of kinetic typography: manner of development, location, intent, expressive techniques, color and font selection. Particular attention is placed on their use in three highly rated television entertainment programs: "2 Days & 1 Night", "Running Man", and "Infinite Challenge". The development way consists of the technique : starts off with cut and ends with cut. While, other techniques show conversation and situation representation using Z axis : zoom-in, zoom-out in , X axis : pan in <2 Days & 1 Night>. and Y axis : tilt in . Typographic design elements, expression technique, color, font are shown up according to the feature of each program. The resulting analysis suggests new ways for motion arts designers and the broadcast media to use kinetic typography in the development of television programs.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.17
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• pp.83-110
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• 2004

In modern society, there exists a growing tendency that the product image, rather than the substance of the product, is given more and more emphasis. In other words, consumers tend to purchase a product whose brand image coincides with their self image. Today, it is one of the essential factors for marketing strategy of a modern enterprise to have brand image perceived by consumer self-image. The image, by affecting the perception of consumers, explains the reason why some consumers choose one brand out of many brands that are available to them. Furthermore, brand-image perceived by consumers becomes more important factor in improving the company's market share. For this research, we investigated the theoretical background based on previous studies and collected statistical data through a market survey. The results of the actual research indicate that the attributes of the images differ notably depending upon demographic attributes; that the brand image judged by a customer is positively correlated to the customer's self image; and that the regression analysis of the purchase intention in accordance with coincidence of independent variables proved to be insignificant. But the correlation analysis of the variables shows that the sensuous image of a perceived brand image product notable differences in the purchase intention. Most of Consumers tend to prefer certain brand of causal wears in accordance with their cognized brand-image and self-image: social self-image and actual self-image. Corporate must not spare any effort to establish differential advantage. through better image or changing image. Also marketers have to identify the strengths and weakness of their brand in relation to the competition in setting up their brand management strategy. In conclusion, the outcomes of the study suggest that the consumers purchase the images of the brands, rather than the products themselves. Accordingly, in the clothes markets with similar quality levels, the emphasis should be put on differentiation of the brand images in order to further increase sales and maximize profits.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.563-572
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• 2014

Art Nouveau started from the purpose of making art young by reforming art. Rising in revolt against historical style imitation, Art Nouveau was a movement that demanded modern and trend-fitting styles which were embracing general revolution of life and surrounding environment. In jewelry, new styles were tried to be constructed too, breaking from previous styles. Together with new trial of materials, fine jewelry that technical skills of master craftsmen were emphasized on were shown. Styles of Art Nouveau had been diversely developed, fitting to culture of each country in the whole Europe. They were the bases of styles after the 20th century. Jewelry after Art Nouveau repeated development by being divided into industrial and artistic jewelry. They have influenced on a lot of development until modern times. Art Nouveau led jewelry to the establishment of artistic worth, exceeding the worth of goods. There is a difference between aesthetic jewelry expressed through diverse formativeness of Art Nouveau and modern jewelry designs centered on simple precious jewelry which is biased toward productivity and functionality. Modern times are the times of culture and art that are laying stress on personality and ego-expression and pursue creative and ingenious designs. So, various color expression of Art Nouveau and jewelry styles of diverse materials and motives which were expressed through time period and thought will become examples in leading new design development and design flows of modern jewelry.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.124-137
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• 2020

The need for customized products has also been increasing as more active consumers consume according to their values in recent years. Accordingly, fashion customizing web is becoming popular, but because custom freedom is low, we want to increase custom freedom by applying knitwear. To this end, a theoretical review was conducted through prior research and literature research on customization, knit design, and GUI, and based on this, a case analysis was conducted focusing on knit-making programs and fashion customizing web. Knit designs have more considerations than other fashion design process, resulting in more UIs, so users should use visual elements that are easily recognizable. Therefore, a draft assessment item was derived based on the preceding survey and three Delphi surveys were conducted on experts based on the draft. Each item was modified and deleted during the Delphi research process to produce the Custom Knitware Web GUI Design Guide. Through this study, we were able to identify the need for intuitive understanding and application of knit custom functions in GUI design of custom knitwear web. Through this research, it is expected that this data will be used to improve the usability of custom knitwear websites and to refer to knit design fields that utilize knit machines.