• Title/Summary/Keyword: 가축분

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Isolation and characterization of a Bacillus spp. for manufacturing the feed additives in livestock (가축의 보조사료 개발을 위한 Bacillus spp.의 분리 및 특성)

  • Park, Hae Suk;Jo, Seung Wha;Yim, Eun Jung;Kim, Yun Sun;Moon, Sung Hyun;Cho, Ho Seong;Kim, Hyun-Young;Cho, Yong Sik;Cho, Sung Ho
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.51 no.4
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    • pp.419-426
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    • 2015
  • The aims of this study were to isolate spore-forming Bacillus strains that exhibit high digestibility and anti-pathogenic bacteria toward feed for calves. Total 136 spore-forming strains were isolated from finished feeds and their ingredients. Among them, 93 strains were identified as Bacillus species when analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. For industrial use, three strains named as Bacillus licheniformis SHS14, B. subtilis LCB7, B. amyloliquefaciens LCB10 were selected after evaluating the industrial standards that are related with heat and acid resistance, enzyme activities, and anti-pathogenic activities against Samonella dublin ATCC15480 and E. coli K99. After each culture, 3 selected strains were mixed together at 1:1:1 (v/v/v) ratio and then prepared as the mixed starter culture for feeding. The changes in microbial community were analyzed via 16S rRNA metagenomics. The initial community ratio among three strains was maintained even after manufacturing into final products. Also, in vitro, enzymatic and anti-pathogenic activities were almost same as those when cultured in single culture, and results of anti-pathogenic activities conducted with calves showed 90% activities against lincomycin, which would be indicative of a promising feed starter.

Probiotic Properties and Immunomodulator Evaluation of the Potential Feed Additive Pediococcus acidilactici SRCM102607 (잠재적 사료첨가제로서 Pediococcus acidilactici SRCM102607의 생균제 특성 및 면역활성 효과)

  • Shin, Su-Jin;Ha, Gwangsu;Jeong, Su-Ji;Ryu, Myeong Seon;Kim, Jinwon;Yang, Hee-Jong;Kwak, Mi-Sun;Sung, Moon-Hee;Jeong, Do-Youn
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.30 no.10
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    • pp.896-904
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the probiotic characteristics and immune activities of selected lactic acid bacterial (LAB) strains as feed additives in livestock. 301 LAB strains isolated from traditional fermented foods were first assessed for their antibacterial activity potential. Of the 301 isolates, five showed antibacterial activity against five livestock pathogens (Esherichia coli KCCM11234, Listeria monocytogens KCTC3710, Salmonella Typhimurium KCTC1926, Staphylococcus aureus KCCM11593, and Shigella flexneri KCTC2517). The probiotic characteristics of the five selected strains were also investigated by antioxidative activity, hemolysis, bile salt hydrolase, acid resistance and bile tolerance. The SRCM102607 strain was found to have superior probiotic properties and was selected for further experimentation. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that SRCM102607 is Pediococcus acidilactici, which was labeled as P. acidilactici SRCM102607 (KCCM 12246P). The survival characteristics of P. acidilactici SRCM102607 in artificial gastrointestinal conditions were assessed under exposed acidic (pH 2.0) and bile (0.5% and 1.0%) conditions. P. acidilactici SRCM102607 was also confirmed to have resistance to various antibiotics, including amikacin, gentamicin, vancomycin, and etc. The TNF-α production by P. acidilactici SRCM102607 was 171.86±4.00 ng/ml. These results show that P. acidilactici RCM102607 has excellent potential for use as a probiotic livestock feed additive.

Effects of Mixing Ratios of Cow Manure and Stall Bedding on Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Earthworm (Eisenia foetida) Survival (우분에 깔짚 혼입 수준이 퇴비화 과정중 이화학적 성상 변화와 지렁이 생존에 미치는 영향)

  • Hwangbo, Soon;Jo, Ik-Hwan;Son, Jang-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.183-195
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    • 2014
  • The present study was conducted to provide basic data for environmentally friendly treatment of manure using vermicomposting by investigating the influence of physiochemical property change during the composting period on the survival of earthworms after mixing cow manure in different levels (0(CSD0), 10(CSD10), 20(CSD20), 30(CSD30), and 40%(CSD40)) with the sawdust that is used bedding in livestock pens. As composting proceeds, earthworms were able to survive in all treatments after 3 weeks. In terms of the C/N ratio by treatment groups, the sawdust mix treatment was significantly higher than the CSD0 treatment (p<0.05). The C/N ratio in the 3rdweek when earthworms started surviving was 23.26-61.05. As composting progressed, pH and electrolytic conductivity were highest in the CSD0 treatment and tended to decrease with higher proportion of sawdust in the mix. It was found that pH and electrolytic conductivity that earthworms starting to survive are 7.4-7.7 and 0.28-1.17 mS/cm respectively. To summarize, when composing cow manure with various levels of sawdust mix, all physiochemical property changes turned out to allow the survival of earthworms, but the results suggest that efficient vermicomposting requires the tests to examine growth and reproduction according to the sawdust mix ratio.

Evaluation of Ammonia Emission from Arable Soil applied Liquid Manure and Compost (가축분 퇴.액비 시용에 따른 암모니아 휘산량 평가)

  • Lee, Yong-Bok;Yun, Hong-Bae;Lee, Youn;Kaown, Dug-In
    • 한국환경농학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2009.07a
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    • pp.329-338
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    • 2009
  • Emission of ammonia to the atmosphere are considered a threat to the environment. The application of livestock manure and compost contributes significantly to the emission of ammonia from agriculture. The reduction in NH3 losses from field-applied manure and compost would be a good strategy to reduce national $NH_3$ emission. In this study, various application techniques of liquid manure and compost were compared to evaluate their potential for reducing $NH_3$ emission. In compost application, the reductions in $NH_3$ emission were 70 and 15% for immediately rotary after application (IRA) and rotary at 3-day after application (RA-3d) in comparison with surface application (SA). Total ammonia emissions for 13 days, expressed as % ammonia-N applied in compost, were 42, 35.7, and 12.7% for SA, RA-3d, and IRA treatments, respectively. Mean reductions in NH3 emission from application of liquid pig manure were 26 and 50% for rotary harrow after surface broadcast application in spring and fall, respectively, in comparison with surface broadcast application. Ammonia emission rate was decreased with increasing water content in soil due to dilution effect, but this reduction only was temporary up to 12 hours after application and cumulative $NH_3$ emission was increased with increasing water content in soil. However, the delay would be beneficial because it allows time for rotary hallow of the applied liquid pig manure. Therefor, ammonia emission can be reduced by immediately incorporation of liquid manure and compost after surface application.

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Evaluation of Ammonia Emission Following Application Techniques of Pig Manure Compost in Upland Soil (밭 토양에서 돈분 퇴비 시용방법에 따른 암모니아 휘산량 평가)

  • Yun, Hong-Bae;Lee, Youn;Lee, Sang-Min;Kim, Suk-Chul;Lee, Yong-Bok
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.15-19
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    • 2009
  • Ammonia in atmosphere has a negative effect on the natural ecosystems, such as soil acidification and eutrophication, by wet and dry deposition. Livestock manure, compost, and fertilizer applications to arable land have been recognised as a major source of atmospheric ammonia emissions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of compost application techniques in reducing ammonia loss in upland soil. The reductions in ammonia emission were 70 and 15% for immediate rotary after application (IRA) and rotary at 3 day after application (RA-3d) in comparison with surface application (SA). Total ammonia emissions for 13 days, expressed as % ammonia-N applied with compost, were 42, 35.7, and 12.7% for SA, RA-3d, and IRA treatments, respectively. The ammonia emission rate fell rapidly 6 h after application and 61 % of total ammonia emission occurred within the first 24 h following surface application. The lime application along with compost significantly enhanced the total ammonia emission. Total ammonia emission for 22 days were 40.1, 31.4, and 27.7 kg/ha for immediate incorporation in soil after lime and compost application, lime incorporation in soil following 3 days after compost surface application, and compost incorporation in soil following 3 days after lime surface application, respectively. Therefore, lime and livestock manure compost application at the same time was not recommended for abatement of ammonia emission in upland soil.

Analysis of the Composting Effect on Cow Manure by Aeration and Comparison of Characteristics of Cow Manure Pellet Composts According to Granulation Processing Method (송풍유무에 따른 우분퇴비화 효과분석 및 우분퇴비의 입상화방법별 특성비교)

  • Jeong, Kwang-Hwa;Kim, Jung-Kon;Lee, Dong-jun;Ravindran, B.;Kwag, Jung-Hoon
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.69-76
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    • 2017
  • In the Korea, 80 percent of livestock manure were converted into compost and used as organic fertilizers. The livestock manure compost has two types of powder and pellet type (ID= 5~10 mm). The aim of this study was to investigate the properties of two types of cow manure compost pellet (cylinder and sphere type). Nitrogen concentrations of cylinder type and sphere type of compost pellets were 1.23 and 1.24%, respectively. There were similar with nitrogen concentration of cylinder and sphere types of compost pellets. As a result of analyzing the effect of granulation processing, it was found that the moisture content of the raw material was the most influential factor in the granulation processing in both of the processing types of the screw pressing method and the rotating cylinder method. When the cylinder and sphere types of compost pellets were dry to 20% of moisture content, the specific gravities of these compost pellets were 1.38 and 1.13, respectively. The compressive strength of cylinder type pellet and sphere type pellet were 27.6 and $11.3kg/cm^2$, respectively.

pH Dependence on EC in Soils Amended with Fertilizer and Organic Materials and in Soil of Plastic Film House (비료와 퇴구비를 처리한 토양과 시설재배지 토양에서 토양의 EC에 따른 pH변화)

  • Kim, Yoo-Hak;Kim, Myeong-Sook;Kwak, Han-Kang
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.38 no.5
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    • pp.247-252
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    • 2005
  • Soil pH is an intensity factor of releasing hydrogen ion which is buffered by aluminum. It depends on pH buffer capacity of Al whether soil pH is governed directly by cations or not. A study was conducted to elucidate the pattern of pH changes by soil EC. Fertilizer and three kinds of organic manures composed of cow and pig and fowl dropping and one kind of rice straw compost were added independently into upland sandy loam soil. This treated soils and four upland soils under plastic film house having different levels in electrical conductivity (EC) were incubated with field capacity at $30^{\circ}C$ for 5, 10, 20 and 40 days. Soil pH varied directly as the cations contained in organic materials according to degree of saturating pH buffer capacity (pBC) of sandy loam soil. pH of the soils under plastic film house was lowered by soil EC due to governing by overplus of cation beyond pBC.

The Role of Glutamic Acid-producing Microorganisms in Rumen Microbial Ecosystems (반추위 미생물생태계에서의 글루탐산을 생성하는 미생물의 역할)

  • Mamuad, Lovelia L.;Lee, Sang-Suk
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.520-526
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    • 2021
  • Microbial protein is one of the sources of protein in the rumen and can also be the source of glutamate production. Glutamic acid is used as fuel in the metabolic reaction in the body and the synthesis of all proteins for muscle and other cell components, and it is essential for proper immune function. Moreover, it is used as a surfactant, buffer, chelating agent, flavor enhancer, and culture medium, as well as in agriculture for such things as growth supplements. Glutamic acid is a substrate in the bioproduction of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This review provides insights into the role of glutamic acid and glutamic acid-producing microorganisms that contain the glutamate decarboxylase gene. These glutamic acid-producing microorganisms could be used in producing GABA, which has been known to regulate body temperature, increase DM intake and milk production, and improve milk composition. Most of these glutamic acid and GABA-producing microorganisms are lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB), such as the Lactococcus, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, and Streptococcus species. Through GABA synthesis, succinate can be produced. With the help of succinate dehydrogenase, propionate, and other metabolites can be produced from succinate. Furthermore, clostridia, such as Clostridium tetanomorphum and anaerobic micrococci, ferment glutamate and form acetate and butyrate during fermentation. Propionate and other metabolites can provide energy through conversion to blood glucose in the liver that is needed for the mammary system to produce lactose and live weight gain. Hence, health status and growth rates in ruminants can be improved through the use of these glutamic acid and/or GABA-producing microorganisms.

A Study on the Design of Hanwoo Farming Model (한우 창업모델 설계에 관한 연구)

  • Shin, Yong Kwang
    • Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.12-22
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    • 2022
  • The purpose of this study is to design a farming model for Hanwoo start-up farmers. I prepared a Hanwoo production plan model according to the growth cycle of Hanwoo using EXCEL. The Hanwoo production plan model was simulated in two model: Model 1 (a model that only purchases Hanwoo calf) and Model 2 (a model that purchases both Hanwoo cow and Hanwoo calf). Next, I reviewed the profits and costs of two Hanwoo simulation models. As a result of the analysis, Model 2 has the following characteristics compared to Model 1. First, Model 2 requires a lot of initial investment. Second, Model 2 is advantageous in terms of farm cash balance because imports occur every year. Third, Model 2 can efficiently use facilities and machines.

Comparison of DNA Extraction Methods for the Detection of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria from Livestock Manure Composts (퇴비에서 식중독균 검출을 위한 DNA 추출 방법 비교)

  • Kim, Sung-Youn;Seo, Dong-Yeon;Moon, Ji-Young
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.34 no.6
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    • pp.557-561
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    • 2019
  • This study investigated the efficacy of DNA extraction methods for real-time PCR detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in livestock manure composts. Livestock manure composts were inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella Typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus and incubated in enrichment broth. For DNA extraction, enriched samples were treated following boiling method, by chloroform, C18 powder, and proteinase K. As a result, 4 species of bacteria were detected by real-time PCR when subjected to boiling for 30 min and treated with proteinase K. These results suggest that detection of foodborne pathogens by real-time PCR from livestock manure composts could be applicable using effective DNA extraction methodology such as the boiling method or proteinase K.