• BMB Reports
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• 제51권7호
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• pp.338-343
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• 2018

Transcription termination factor-1 (TTF-I) is an RNA polymerase 1-mediated transcription terminator and consisting of a C-terminal DNA-binding domain, central domain, and N-terminal regulatory domain. This protein binds to a so-called 'Sal box' composed of an 11-base pair motif. The interaction of TTF-I with the 'Sal box' is important for many cellular events, including efficient termination of RNA polymerase-1 activity involved in pre-rRNA synthesis and formation of a chromatin loop. To further understand the role of TTF-I in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-I virus production, we generated various TTF-I mutant forms. Through a series of studies of the over-expression of TTF-I and its derivatives along with co-transfection with either proviral DNA or HIV-I long terminal repeat (LTR)-driven reporter vectors, we determined that wild-type TTF-I downregulates HIV-I LTR activity and virus production, while the TTF-I Myb-like domain alone upregulated virus production, suggesting that wild-type TTF-I inhibits virus production and trans-activation of the LTR sequence; the Myb-like domain of TTF-I increased virus production and trans-activated LTR activity.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.390-399
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• 2014

Chalcones (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones), a flavonoid subfamily, are widely known for their anti-inflammatory properties. Propenone moiety in chalcones is known to play an important role in generating biological responses by chalcones. In the present study, we synthesized chalcone derivatives structurally modified in propenone moiety and examined inhibitory effect on nitric oxide (NO) production and its potential mechanisms. Among the chalcone derivatives used for this study, TI-I-174 (3-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-1-(thiophen-3-yl)prop-2-en-1-one) most potently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated nitrite production in RAW 264.7 macrophages. TI-I-174 treatment also markedly inhibited inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. However, TI-I-174 did not significantly affect production of IL-6, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), implying that TI-I-174 inhibits production of inflammatory mediators in a selective manner. Treatment of macrophages with TI-I-174 significantly inhibited transcriptional activity of activator protein-1 (AP-1) as determined by luciferase reporter gene assay, whereas nuclear factor-${\kappa}B$ (NF-${\kappa}B$) activity was not affected by TI-I-1744. In addition, TI-I-174 significantly inhibited activation of c-Jun-N-Terminal kinase (JNK) without affecting ERK1/2 and p38MAPK, indicating that down-regulation of iNOS gene expression by TI-I-174 is mainly attributed by blockade of JNK/AP-1 activation. We also demonstrated that TI-I-174 treatment led to an increase in heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression both at mRNA and protein level. Transfection of siRNA targeting HO-1 reversed TI-I-174-mediated inhibition of nitrite production. Taken together, these results indicate that TI-I-174 suppresses NO production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages via induction of HO-1 and blockade of AP-1 activation.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.223-234
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• 2016

본 연구는 AgX (Ag-함침 X zeolite)에 의해 고방사성해수폐액 (HSW)의 발생초기에 함유되어 있는 고방사성 요오드($^{131}I$)의 흡착, 제거를 목표로 수행하였다. AgX에 의한 I의 흡착 (AgX-I 흡착)은 AgX 내 Ag-함침농도가 증가할수록 증가하며, 함침농도 30wt% 정도가 적당하였다. AgX (Ag-함침 약 30~35wt%)로부터 Ag의 침출농도는 해수폐액에 함유되어 있는 chloride 이온에 의한 AgCl 침전 등으로 증류수보다 덜 침출 (<1 mg/L) 되었다. AgX-I 흡착은 초기 I 농도 0.01~10 mg/L의 경우 m/V(흡착제량/용액부피의 비)=2.5 g/L에서 99% 이상 흡착제거 되어 I의 효율적 제거가 가능함을 알 수 있다. AgX-I 흡착제거는 해수폐액 보다는 증류수에서 수행하는 것이 효과적이고, 온도의 영향은 미미한 것 같으며, 흡착평형등온선은 Languir 보다는 Freundlich 등온선으로 표현하는 것이 양호하였다. 한편 AgX-I 흡착속도는 유사 2차 속도식을 만족하고 있으며, 속도상수 ($k_2$)는 $C_i$ 증가에 따라 감소하고 있지만, m/V 비 및 온도 증가에 따라서는 증가하고 있다. 이때 흡착 활성화에너지는 약 6.3 kJ/mol 로 AgX-I 흡착은 약한 결합형태의 물리적흡착이 지배적일 것으로 보인다. 그리고 열역학적 매개변수를 평가(음수 값의 Gibbs 자유에너지 및 양수 값의 엔탈피)에 의해 AgX-I 흡착이 자발반응(정반응)의 흡열반응이며, 고온에서 반응이 양호함을 나타내었다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.171-175
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• 2004

젖소 초유 유청을 ultrafiltration으로서 30kDa 사이의 IGF-I rich fraction을 분획하였다. 분획한 IGF-I rich fraction은 SDS-PAGE와 Western blotting으로 IGF-I이 존재하는 것을 확인하였고, sandwich ELISA로써 그 함량을 측정한 결과 fraction중 IGF-I의 함량은 단백질 mg당 10ng으로 나타났다. IGF-I rich fraction으로 IEC-6, Detroit 551, EL-4 및 L6 in vitro세포의 증식에 미치는 효과를 실험한 결과 IEC-6 cell은 IGF-I 기준으로 10ng, 1 ng, 0.1ng, 0.01ng에서 각각 대조구에 비해서 60%, 53%, 30 그리고 20%의 세포증식효과를 나타내었다. IEC-6의 증식은 ICF-I의 투여량이 증가할수록 세포의 증식효과가 더 높게 나타났다. Detroit 551 cell은 10ng과 1ng수준에서 각각 56%와 26%의 세포증식 효과를 나타내었다. 그리고 EL-4 cell과 L6 cell은 10ng 수준에서 각각 53%와 46%의 세포증식 효과를 나타내었다. 모든 세포주에서 IGF-I 함유농도가 10 ng 투여구에서 세포 증식율이 가장 높았으며 IEC-6 cell, Detroit 551 및 EL-4 cell은 모두 약 60%의 세포 성장률을 나타내었고 L6 cell은 약 50%의 성장률을 보였다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2007

Prediction of fatigue duration is attainable from the analysis of the growth rate of the fatigue crack, and the property of the fatigue crack growth is determined by the calculation of the stress intensity factor. And the evaluation of the stress intensity factor, K comes from the stress analysis of the vicinity of crack tip of the continuum. This study describes a simple method to decide the stress intensity factor for the small crack at the sharp edge notches. The proposed method is based on the similarities between elastic stress fields of the notch tip described by two parameters, the stress concentration factor K, the radius of arc of the notch. And it is applicable to the analysis of the semi-elliptical penetration cracks and the edge notches.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2003년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2271-2273
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• 2003

Control Rod Control System(CRCS) is to control nuclear reaction of reactor by moving Control Rod Drive Mechanism(CRDM) with speed and direction signal from Reactor Regulating System(RRS). CRCS is made up of two parts : control cabinet and power cabinet. And this paper presents mainly power cabinet design for system reliability. To increase reliability of power cabinet, controller, power supply and communication line arc doubly designed and supervision and diagnosis function are applied.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.649-657
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• 2013

Let R be a commutative Noetherian ring, I an ideal of R and T be a non-zero I-cofinite R-module with dim(T) ${\leq}$ 1. In this paper, for any finitely generated R-module N with support in V(I), we show that the R-modules $Ext^i_R$(T,N) are finitely generated for all integers $i{\geq}0$. This immediately implies that if I has dimension one (i.e., dim R/I = 1), then $Ext^i_R$($H^j_I$(M), N) is finitely generated for all integers $i$, $j{\geq}0$, and all finitely generated R-modules M and N, with Supp(N) ${\subseteq}$ V(I).

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈B:순수및응용수학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.155-162
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• 1996

We will show that let X and Y be M -finite Banach spaces with canonical M-decompositions $X{\cong}{{\prod}^{{\gamma}_{\infty}}_{i=1}}{X^{n_i}}_{i}\;and\;Y{\cong}{{\prod}^{{\bar{\gamma}}_{\infty}}_{j=1}}{\tilde{Y}^{m_j}}_{j}$, respectively and M and N nonzero locally compact Hausdorff spaces. Then I : $C_{0}$(M,X) ${\longrightarrow}\;C_{0}$(N,Y) is an isometrical isomorphism if and only if r = $\bar{r}$ and there are permutation and homeomorphisms and continuous maps such that I = ${I^{-1}}_{N.Y}\;{\circ}I_{w}^{-1}{\circ}({{\prod}^{\gamma}}_{i=1}I_{t_i,u_i}){\circ}I_{M,X}$.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제22권1_2호
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• pp.21-38
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• 2006

Programmed grammars, one of the most important and well investigated classes of grammars with context-free rules and a mechanism controlling the application of the rules, can be described by graphs. We investigate whether or not the restriction to special classes of graphs restricts the generative power of programmed grammars with erasing rules and without appearance checking, too. We obtain that Eulerian, Hamiltonian, planar and bipartite graphs and regular graphs of degree at least three are pr-universal in that sense that any language which can be generated by programmed grammars (with erasing rules and without appearance checking) can be obtained by programmed grammars where the underlying graph belongs to the given special class of graphs, whereas complete graphs, regular graphs of degree 2 and backbone graphs lead to proper subfamilies of the family of programmed languages.

• 대한수학회지
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• 제54권5호
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• pp.1505-1519
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• 2017

Assume that M is an R-module where R is a commutative ring. A proper submodule N of M is called a weakly 2-absorbing primary submodule of M if $0{\neq}abm{\in}N$ for any $a,b{\in}R$ and $m{\in}M$, then $ab{\in}(N:M)$ or $am{\in}M-rad(N)$ or $bm{\in}M-rad(N)$. In this paper, we extended the concept of weakly 2-absorbing primary ideals of commutative rings to weakly 2-absorbing primary submodules of modules. Among many results, we show that if N is a weakly 2-absorbing primary submodule of M and it satisfies certain condition $0{\neq}I_1I_2K{\subseteq}N$ for some ideals $I_1$, $I_2$ of R and submodule K of M, then $I_1I_2{\subseteq}(N:M)$ or $I_1K{\subseteq}M-rad(N)$ or $I_2K{\subseteq}M-rad(N)$.