CALS, being widely adopted by industry, is a strategy to share integrated digital product data through a set of standards to achieve effieciencies and competition in business. For CALS implemetation, creating a shared information system is necessary and CITIS is proposed for that. CITIS shall provide on-line access and automated exchange of all the technical information between contractor and service provider, and the function of CITIS is difined in MIL-STD-974. In this paper, regarding CITIS as a infrastructure of information for CALS, we proposed CITIS server system which comprise global data sharing software, global data management system, workflow manager, and configuration management maneger.

The communication between members who participate in the product development project has an effect on the project time, cost, and quality. This reason requires the engineering database which is the kernel of product information. This study focuses on data and process modeling for engineering database related to electronic consumer product. First, Through the definition of engineering database, the characteristics of engineering data, mainly product data are analyzed. Second, The object and class for engineering database are defined. This results of the study can be applied with engineering database design and workflow design of PDM. It also can be used as a reference model when the company develops product with suppliers.

Exchange of product model data becomes a key issue in the globalized enterprise environment. Sharing heterogeneous information resides in diverse information resources is not easy. To share automotive product information among different organizations, a reliable neutral information standard and communication methods are needed. World wide sharing of automotive product information can be implemented based on the STEP AP214, the standard for exchange of automotive product model through its whole life cycle. This paper suggests an automotive PDM implemented on the internet and based on the STEP AP214. Physical files containing design data can be shared on the internet using JAVA applets and VRML.

With the enormous growth of the Internet, an increasing number of people in corporations use the Internet for communicating with the outside world, for gathering information, and for doing business. Internet technology may have its greatest impact not on general culture, but rather on corporations. It has already begun to revolutionize the way that companies operate and do business. When Internet technology is applied and used inside a corporation, and open only to its employees, it is referred to as an Intranet. The same technologies that underlie corporate Intranets form the basis of the larger Internet. The benefit of Intranet is 1) low construction cost 2) easy system management 3) friendly user interface 4) OS and H/W independent, etc. This paper provides the concept of Internet and Intranet, compares client/server and Intranet environment, and propose case study of implementation from client/server to Intranet environment.

The importance of Electronic Commerce and internet has been rapidly increasing. For the global information society in the $21^{st}$ century, government aims for the successful execution of the project for the construction of KII(Korea Information Infrastructure). However, the research on applications of KII is not enough to relate with Electronic Commerce and its impact. In this paper, we present a brief introduction to KII and its characteristics. Through the detailed analysis of application factors on KII, the relationship and inter-necessity between KII and Electronic Commerce are investigated. Also, This, work studies the aspects of law, security, and Informatization- mind for the guided directions of activating Electronic Commece on KII. Finally, the implementation strategy for Electronic Commerce is suggested.

Among the driving methods of CALS, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), the pivot of procurement and logistics, is becoming the standard of data interchange. In this article, we examine the standard, growth, and status of EDI, and present a scheme to make it available via Internet that grow to be a standardized network, in comparison with a method to use a Value Added Network(VAN). So we studied an implementation of EDI system to exchange and process the business intra-works in order to integrate it into Intranet environment. As well, we present a client/server model running under Intranet environment, and a system with a format server to share the load of server and client. To do this, we list the functions and requirements of EDI system, connect a database to the Intranet, and develop applications using $Java^{TM}$.

This paper presents requirements for workflow management systems supporting CITIS. We propose an architecture of global workflow management system which aims at supporting external workflow among different organizations rather than internal one. The architecture consists of five key elements, that is process definition language, process graphic design tool, control engine, status monitoring tool, and interface models. For each of these elements, implementation requirements are presented and its major functions are described. A key concept to the CITIS standard is the integration of disparate systems in distributed environment. This leads us to place a special emphasis on the interface models that can enhance the interoperability between externally participating workflow systems. Two interface models for the global workflow management system are explained. CORBA, the most widely accepted standard for distributed object management, can be adopted to facilitate the integration. World Wide Web can be used for the underlying platform on which information is exchanged and the status of processes instances is monitored. The workflow management system can provide a ready and easy access to and management of the data for CALS environments.

Unlike individual applications, it is extremely hard to obtain user requirements for group systems, since there exists very complicated dynamics in group. This may result in spreading a great amount of products with a broad range of contents. Thus, this study presents a comparative analysis of groupware products. As a result, these products have been categorized into three areas which include cooperation/document management systems, collaborative writing systems, and decision-making/meeting systems. While the systems reviewed here focus on the cooperation/document management systems, the other two areas will be dealt in details in part Ⅱ. The first area ends up with two large categories such as proprietary groupware products and intranet groupware products. However, it has been observed that there is a natural convergence between these two categories. Consequently, the comparative analysis has been performed in terms of functions provided on the two categories and a combined category. Each group of the functions has been divided into three parts which consist of basic functions, quasi-basic functions, and others. Such a decision has been made based on the frequency rate of the functions provided in the products. With a more strict rule, the basic functions comprise electronic mail, sanction, bulletin board, document management, scheduling, security, Web browser, and Internet connectivity. This study also provides a framework for integrated functional model of groupware systems. The basic functions are merged into the model. However, the model is so flexible that it can partially include the quasi-functions in addition to the basic functions. In the future, it is expected that a large number of products will stem from the modification of the functional model.

In this paper, we suggest the system analysis method that integrate IDEFO and IDEFIX. Based on the method, we propose the procedure which can be used to build CALS/EC system in manufacturing industry. Also, applying the procedure and method to electronic company, we construct the CALSEC prototype system. With the three types of view-point, process, information technology and standard, we proceed the implementation of CALS/EC in manufacturing industry. We divide the electronic company's process into five core process, 1)processes-product concept planning process. 2)product development process, 3)procurement process, 4)delivery/distribution process and 5)customer service process.

Document management system is a tool, based on the document life cycle concept, for structured management of various documents within an organization. In this paper, we address a development process of document management system based on SGML. We have developed a document management system which can support a variety of types in documents such as informal data, HTML, CGI and so on. Using the developed system, users can access documents in the system through an internet browser, and also add or modify existing documents.

This paper presents the results of analysis for the Flexible Computer Integrated construction(FCIC) system to adapt CALS on the construction industry. Acquisition and supply process of the system are represented by IDEFO function models and FCIC information systems are briefly described in this paper. The model presented here can be used as a reference for the development of CALS system.

We proposed a 2-step neural network approach for estimating machining parameters of electric discharge wire cut. The first step net, which is described as a backward neuro-estimation, is designed for estimating coarse cutting parameters while the second phase net, as a polishing forward neuro-estimation, is utilized for determining fine parameters. Sequential estimation procedure, based on backward and forward net, is performed using the net's approximation capability which is M to 1 and 1 to M mapping property. Experimental results an given to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed 2-step neuro-estimation.

In this paper, an improved method is developed for automatic inspection system using simbology patterns. The developed method uses the two previously developed matching methods the template maching method and the feature matching method. The template matching method is very sensitive to variations of target images such as translation and rotation of objects. On the other hand, the feature matching method doesn't extract proper features in some types of symbology patterns. The proposed method shows the improvement of precision in recognition of defects and flexibility of different types of symbology patterns.

This paper deals with constructing a scheduling system for a mold manufacturing factory. The scheduling system is composed of 4 submodules such as pre-processor, neural network training, neural networks and simulation. Pre-processor analyzes the condition of workshop and generates input data to neural networks. Network training module is performed by using the condition of workshop, performance measures, and dispatching rules. Neural networks module presents the most optimized dispatching rule, based on previous training data according to the current condition of workshop. Simulation module predicts the earliest completion date of a mold by forward scheduling with the presented dispatching rules, and suggests a possible issue date of a material by backward tracking. The system developed shows a great potential when applied in real mold factory for automotive parts.

기초자료는 시스템 구축과정에서 시스템 테스트 및 운영을 위한 가장 기본이 되는 원시자료(source data)로서 프로그램 개발과 병행하여 구축해야 한다. 이러한 기초자료의 구축없이 시스템 운영은 어려우며, 따라서 기초자료 구축 및 검증기간을 단축시키는 것은 결국 시스템 개발 기간을 단축시키는 하나의 효과적인 방법이 된다. 이러한 측면에서 본 연구에서는 공정관리 시스템 개발시 필요한 기초 자료 구축 및 이에 따른 검증 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

This paper deals with an application of process value analysis method for a manufacturing process in order to redesign facility layout in a paper company. We have used the value analysis method which permits an overall and rigorous study of process by a functional approach. Firstly, customer's expectations for the future process are clearly and precisely expressed with specifications of the Functional Extern Analysis. The existing process is analyzed using various tool of the Functional Internal Analysis in the second part. From the results of these analysis, we find out that the main problems of current facility are due to scheduling and facility layout. This paper is devoted to resolve the second problem. We suggest an ideal solution in order to have a reference solution. Nextly, We give realistic choices and the final solution for the facility layout.

The efficiency of material flow systems in terms of optimal network flow and minimum cost flow has always been an important design and operational goal in material handling and distribution system. In this research, an attempt was made to develop a new algorithm and the model to solve a stochastic material flow network with bidirectional and uncertain flows. A stochastic material flow network with bidirectional flows can be considered from a finite set with unknown demand probabilities of each node. This problem can be formulated as a special case of a two-stage linear programming problem which can be converted into an equivalent linear program. To find the optimal solution of proposed stochastic material flow network, some terminologies and algorithms together with theories are developed based on the partitioning and subgradient techniques. A computer program applying the proposed method was developed and was applied to various problems.

This paper presents a cell formation approach for a cellular manufacturing system to minimize the inter-cell moves considering operation sequences. Two new factors are introduced: (1)flow-similarity(FS) for integrating direct/indirect inter-machine flow and similarity (2)machine cell-part moves (CPM) for exactly computing inter-cell moves. FS is used for combining machines and CPM is used for assigning the parts to the preliminary machine cells. In addition, we develop an aggregated heuristic algorithm to form manufacturing machine cells and assign the parts to those cells based on these concepts. We use performance criterion called total inter-cell moves(TICM), which is the total material flow between internal cells and external cells. Results of computational tests on a number of randomly generated test problems show that the suggested heuristic is superior to existing methods.

In workplace design, an ergonomic solution should ensure low postural stress in the operator during his/her work. Stress caused by awkward working postures of the trunk, shoulders and legs can result in fatigue, discomfort, musculo-skeletal disorders and nerve entrapment syndromes. Since discomfort and musculo-skeletal disorders are both related to exposure to biomechanical load on the musculo-skeletal system, minimization of discomfort will contribute to reduction of the risk for musculo-skeletal disorders as well. Therefore, in this study, perceived discomfort on the human body joints was measured in the standing postures using the magnitude estimation in order to have a standardized numerical scale for joint discomfort. Nine healthy graduate students participated voluntarily in the laboratory study. The results revealed that perceived discomfort of all the joints increased as the joints deviated from neutral position. Especially, it showed drastic increment on perceived discomfort when deviation from neutral position in each human body joint increased from 75% to 100%. in terms of relative range of motion(R0M). On the basis of these experimental results, a preliminary ranking for assessment of stressfulness of non-neutral postures around the human body joints was suggested.

This mixed push and pull production system defines that all stages are not ordered by either of the production systems. Some stages are ordered by a push-type production system and the other stages are ordered by a pull-type production system. A decision support system is built by using a combination of optimization program and the "tunable" SIMAN discrete-event simulation for the implementation of an optimally mixed production system. Finding this optimal system requires 6 CPU hours for the case study on a Pentium. Both the simulation and optimization model are validated with a case study of Phoenix company that manufactures transmitters. This paper uses survey from experts in this company for evaluation and validation of this system.

An economic sortie model involving N identical aircrafts attacking a single active target is developed. Using the concepts of Markovian properties, mathematical expressions for the probability of the various events associated with the sortie are obtained. The obtained results are used to derive cost related measures of effectiveness. Then, the most economic sortie time attacking the given target is computed based on maximization of the expected gain of the sortie. A numerical example is provided.

정보 기술 발전의 가속화와 더불어, 고객의 요구가 다양화되고, 고급화되어지는 가운데, 기술개발 경쟁력의 심화에 따른 기술환경에도 많은 변화가 일고 있다. 최근 들어 많은 제조업체들은 기업 내 외부적으로 직면하고 있는 여러 가지 환경 변화들로 인하여 통합생산관리시스템 구축의 필요성을 인식하고 있다. 통합생산관리시스템은 기업의 주요기능을 전사적인 관점에서 통합하여 수주에서 납품까지 일관된 정보흐름을 제공하는데 역점을 두어야 한다. 최근 많은 기업들이 보다 체계적으로 통합생산관리시스템을 구축하고자 노력하고 있으나 구축 경험 부족 및 체계적인 개발계획 방법론의 부족에 따라 많은 어려움을 겪고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존 시스템의 진단, 개발계획 수립, 상세설계, 프로트타입 시스템 개발에 이르는 통합생산관리시스템 구축 과정을 프랜트 공장의 사례를 통하여 소개하려고 한다.