This paper examines existing approaches to exceptive constructions, which typically serve to maintain the use of universal quantifiers by diminishing the domain quantified over. It places a particular focus on constructions involving Korean oyey, Dutch behalve, and English apart from, other than, and aside from. These lexical items all share an interesting semantic property that they mean either 'except' or 'besides' depending upon their linguistic contexts, but they have largely been ignored in the literature of exceptive constructions. An observation is made that the two meanings of the ambiguous exceptive words are in complementary distribution with respect to types of quantifiers and that they are not an isolated fact. Based on this, a unifying formal semantic analysis is attempted for the constructions.

This paper explores Discourse Rep-resentation Structures which can successfully describe the mental representations that discourse participants form when they hear so-called double access sentences. The syntactic, semantic and pragmatic characteristics of double access sentences are discussed. The analysis proposed in this paper, employing a modified version of the 'conditional beliefs' of Chung(1997), successfully explains the semantic and pragmatic characteristics of present or future tense in double access sentences as well as when and why the speaker should take or can be exempted from the responsibility for using present or future tense in double access sentences.

This paper addresses the issue of constraints on the conversion of the participle II in German, proposing a constraint-based lexical semantic approach. I argue against the widely accepted syntactic view which is based on the dichotomous distinction of intransitive verbs, which has been advanced by the Unaccusative Hypothesis [Perlmutter (1978)]. Several arguments are also given against the semantic view which is based on some aspectual notions such as 'telicity', 'transformativity' or 'terminativity'. The crucial constraints on the conversion of the participle II in German, it is argued, is instead two lexical semantic entailments, movement with a definite change of location and affectedness. These and other lexical semantic entailments in the sense of Dowty (1991) are encoded into the multiple inheritance type hierarchy of qfpsoa. The proposal made in this paper is based on the multiple inheritance hierarchy which is envisaged in a recent framework of head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar.

This paper proposes that concession should be analysed in terms of inferences based on the likelihood of event occurrence and that an alternative set of events should be presupposed in such inferences. In order to give an empirical content to this proposal this paper discusses the pragmatic aspects of the English word even and the Korean morpheme -lafo and claims that the notion of likelihood is the basis of the pragmatic inference of concession and the quasi-universal quantification erect. It is also claimed that unexpectedness, which is conceptually tied to concession, on the other hand, pertains to the same kind of pragmatic inference but presupposes the existence of an alternative set of individuals instead of an alternative set of situations.

The temporal structure of events on the discourse level has long been of great interest in both theoretical and computational linguistics. In this paper, we offer a unified approach to the temporal relationships related to a hierarchical discourse structure. We apply the method of pronoun resolution to the interpretation of tense. It is based on an analysis within the framework of the controlled information packaging theory. A unique aspect of our account is that temporal interpretation across discourse segments in global discourse is subject to the same principles as the interpretation of global anaphora, and that there is thus no need to postulate independent principles to account for the discourse behaviour of tense. In this way, we can neatly explain the general view that tense parallels the anaphoric nature of pronouns.

This paper investigates the effect of semantic argument structure on the comprehension and production of sentences by observing the prosodic realizations of English secondary predications. Specifically, the goal of this study is to show how the theory of predication, argument structure, and focus semantically interact to account for similarities and differences between English resultative and depictive predications. To address this issue, production and comprehension tests were performed. In the fried focus domain (verb phrase), subjects were asked to utter and to comprehend ambiguous sentences in the context monologues. The experimental results were generally consistent with general linguistic analyses: In the resultative constructions, secondary subject NPs tend to be accented, as in other argument-head constructions, while in the depictive constructions, secondary predicates tend to have accents, as in other adjunct-head constructions.

This paper discusses issues in building a 54-thousand-word Korean Treebank using a phrase structure annotation, along with developing annotation guidelines based on the morpho-syntactic phenomena represented in the corpus. Various methods that were employed for quality control are presented. The evaluation on the quality of the Treebank and some of the NLP applications under development using the Treebank are also pre-sented.