Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the validity of the 'Enterprise Health Promotion Index', a tool for assessing health promotion activities of worksite developed by the Ministry of Employment and Labor and the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency. Methods: This is designed a methodological study that evaluates the validity of the Enterprise Health Promotion Index. For this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted for the workplace health professional and safety professional, and a total of 297 data were extracted as final data. We developed the informal health promotion needs and activity measurement tools. The correlation coefficient between the score of the enterprise health promotion index and the score of the informal health promotion tool was analyzed for the criterion validity evaluation. Results: The criterion validity of the Enterprise Health Promotion Index and activity index were supported by finding moderate (r=.597) and high (r=.783) correlation coefficient. However, the requirement index has low levels of criterion validity (r=.364). Conclusion: Based on these results, we suggest to improve the utility of the corporate health promotion index by developing user manual, active public relations, and providing briefing sessions.

Purpose: This study identified the prevalence of depressive symptoms and explored correlates of depressive symptoms among Korean women care-workers caring older adults living in community. Methods: A total of 465 participants were recruited for the study. Depressive symptoms was measured by the CES-D10 and distress was assessed using a single question given 5 Likert scale. Results: The prevalence of depressive symptoms and distress among care-workers were 32.5% and 32.0% respectively. Work environment safety, violence exposure experience, work-family conflict, weekly care work time, and poor health status were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Only violence exposure experience and poor health status were associated with distress. Conclusion: Our findings suggest more attention on mental health of care-workers and their risky work condition such as violence.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to define and clarify the concept of reality shock in new graduated nurses. Methods: The hybrid model was used to develop the concept of reality shock. The model included a field study. The participants were 9 newly graduated nurses with a nursing career spanning less than a year. Results: The reality shock in newly graduated nurses was identified to have three dimensions and seven attributes. Specifically: 1) the dimension of performance included two attributes (conflict between theory and practice, and being overwhelmed by the workload), 2) the dimension of relationship included three attributes (loss of support, embarrassment from interference, and relational withdrawal), 3) the dimension of expectations included two attributes(value confusions and incongruity in personal life). Conclusion: Newly graduated nurses' reality shock was defined as a state of incongruence in their entire life that the new nurses experienced owing to value confusions that occurred due to the conflicts between theory and practice in an unfamiliar work environment, getting overwhelmed by the workload, and withdrawing establishing relationships with others due to the loss of support and excessive interference. These findings could help develop intervention strategies to decrease reality shock in newly graduated nurses.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore the association between psychosocial work environments and depressive symptoms among Korean registered nurses. Methods: The study population of 331 registered nurses was derived from the 2014 Korean Working Condition Survey (KWCS). Depressive symptom was assessed using the WHO-5 wellbeing index. Results: The thirty-five percentage of Korean registered nurses reported the risk for depressive symptom. Korean nurses with higher 'work-family conflict' were more likely at the risk of depression almost 1.83 (95% CI 1.04~3.20) times than their counterpart. Higher 'possibilities for development' were more likely decrease almost 60% of the risk of depressive symptom. Conclusion: Work-family conflict and possibility of development were associated with depressive symptom among Korean registered nurses. We suggest future researches identifying strategies for decreasing work-family conflict and its negative effects.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating effect of resilience on the relationship between emotional labor and happiness of clinical nurses. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 224 clinical nurses who had one or more years of clinical experiences from four general hospitals in D city in Korea. Data collected from the survey using self-reported questionnaires were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analysis using IBM SPSS statistics 21.0 program. Results: There were statistically significant correlations among variables; a negative correlation between happiness and emotional labor, a positive correlation between happiness and resilience, and a negative correlation between emotional labor and resilience. Meanwhile, resilience had a partial mediating effect on the relationship between emotional labor and happiness. That is, resilience can play an important role between emotional labor and happiness of clinical nurses as a mediator. Conclusion: Considering the findings of this study, developing programs that can improve resilience of clinical nurses who experience emotional labor are needed to increase their level of happiness.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to examine the impact of job stress on the patient safety nursing activities among nurses. Methods: The subjects of the study are 258 nurses working at 15 small-medium sized hospitals in D city. Data analysis was done using frequency, percentage, average and standard deviation, t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}test$, Pearson's correlation coefficient, stepwise multiple regression. Results: The job stress scored average 3.67 and patient safety nursing activity scored average 4.35. Job stress was positively associated with patient safety nursing activity. It explains 9.49% of the variance. Conclusion: Universal and inevitable job stress among nurses should not exceed optimum level to assure patient safety. So, personal and organizational efforts to manage job stress are needed.

Purpose: This study was performed for the effective management of nursing organization as surveyed choice motives and job satisfaction about nurses who changed to public hospitals. Methods: This study is a descriptive study. This study surveyed 214 nurses who changed jobs to public hospital in six Gyeonggi-do hospitals from October 23 to November 20, 2015. The collected data were analyzed for descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, sheffe test, multiple linear regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Results: Most of the nurses chose public hospitals due to benefits correspond to public officials. They had worked in general hospitals located on provinces and changed jobs due to a heavy workload and low benefits. Of the participants 84.1% were satisfied with changing jobs to public hospitals and the advantages of public hospitals of their choice were job stability and good employee benefits(guaranteed maternity and paternity leave, etc). On the other hand there were complaints about low salaries compared to the workload after changing jobs to public hospitals. Conclusion: Hospitals need to enhance job stability and provide nurses with good employee benefits to reduce turnover rate.