The aim of this study to distinguish Yin-Deficiency and Blood-Deficiency in Donguibogam To Investigate the Donguibogam Hu-Ro Sector "Yin-Deficiency Medication" and other parts and associating Herb(Bencao) In Donguibogam Hu-Ro Sector "Yin-Deficiency Medication", Yin-Deficiency is divided Blood-Deficiency and Em Hu Hwa Dong. But Si Wu Tang treating Blood-Deficiency be used at Em Hu Hwa Dong and Da Bu Yin Wan treating Em Hu Hwa Dong be used at Blood-Deficiency. But in the use of each Herb(Bencao), Yin-Deficiency Medicine and Blood-Deficiency Medicine are distinguised. One can understand that Donguibogam's use of prescription might not distinguish Yin-Deficiency and Blood-Deficiency, But each Herb(Bencao) distinguish those conceptions. Because each view is both meaningful, choosing of view in accordance with the purpose of treatment is necessary for successful clinical trial.

This study was designed to understand the patho-physioloigcal mechanism of effects of Bojungikitangchunbang on Allergic Rhinitis. The mechanism was examined in three parts of concept of allergic rhinitis, composition of prescription, and concept of ascending and descending principle. And the relationship between the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity during respiration was also explored. The mechanism of Bojungikgitangchunbang on rhinitis treatment was systematically analyzed from the pathophysiological perspectives, and it was found to treat nose, spleen and lungs related to the ascending and descending principle. The water-dampness and edema causing allergic rhinitis are formed by disturbed ascending and descending mechanism when the Junggi goes down. The Bojungikgitangchunbang eliminates water-dampness and edema by ascending the troubled Junggi.

The purpose of this study is to investigate reasearch trend of acupuncture treatment on shoulder impingement syndrome. This study investigated the recent studies about acupuncture treatment for shoulder impingement syndrome via searching Korean and foreign electronic databases(Research Information Services, National Digital Science Library, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integated Services, PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure). The search term was searched by combining 'shoulder impingement sydrome', 'subacrominal pain', 'acupuncture', 'needle therapy', and was limited to the articles published from 2005 to 2017. 14 studies were found to be analyzed according to the type of study, the number of cases, the type of treatment, the instruments for assessment and published year. 14 studies were published since 2005, 6 case reports, 8 randomized controlled trials. In the treatment of shoulder impingement syndrome, treatments such as acupuncture, acupotomy, pharmacopuncture, laser acupuncture, combined treatment of exercise and rehabilitation were performed. Visual analogue scale(VAS), range of motion(ROM) and various questionnaires were used as primary assessments. In each study, acupuncture treatment was reported to have a significant effect in the pain, range of motion and disability of shoulder impingement syndrome. In order to ensure objective evidence on acupuncture treatment, large scale case reports and randomized controlled trials should be continued.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Cuscuta chinensis Lamark ethanol extract (CL) on wrinkle improvement. Cuscuta chinensis Lamark is known to contain dried saccharide, alkaloids, flavonoids, lignans and rein glycoside as major components of dried mature seeds of Cuscuta japonica Choisy. In this study, we evaluated the anti-wrinkle effects of CL and investigated bio-markers (e.g ; MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-1, type I procollagen) associated with skin wrinkle improvement. We tested the anti-wrinkle effect of CL using human fibroblast called CCD-986Sk cell. We observed an increase in MMPs, TIMP-1, and type 1 pro-collagen CL in CCD-986Sk cells irradiated with UVB at an intensity of $2mJ/cm^2$ for 60 seconds. As a result, CL decreased UVB-induced MMPs levels and mRNA expressions in CCD-986Sk cell. The levels and mRNA expressions of type I procollagen and TIMP-1 were increased by CL. These results suggest that CL has activities on improvement of skin wrinkle, which is induced by UVB radiation. Taken together, this study proposed the possibility of developing herbal medicine and functional herbal cosmetic materials with wrinkle-improving effects of Cuscuta chinensis Lamark.

In this study, Banhasasim-tang extracts (BSTE) have an inhibitory effects on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mouse model. Cisplatin is the most widely used anticancer drug for treatment of various cancer. However, cisplatin treatment to cancer patients leads to many side effects such as nephrotoxicity and body weight decrease. We hypothesize that BSTE improve the cisplatin-induced side effects in mouse model. We found that BSTE administration protected tubular injury by cisplatin in mouse model. BSTE also inhibited increase of creatinine and BUN induced by cisplatin injection in serum. Collectively, our data suggest that BSTE could be a therapeutic agent for reducing kidney injury induced by cisplatin treatment in cancer patients.

Gamiguibi-tang (GGBT) is a traditional herbal medicine generally used to treat anemia, insomnia, anxiety, and nervousness. GGBT is being commercially produced in the form of extract granule and the quality control methods are specified in the Korean Herbal Pharmacopeia (KHP). However, there is no method to simultaneously analyze compound preparations. In this study, a HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of marker compounds in GGBT. And the contents of marker components and biological activities of the commercial GGBT extract granules (GGBT-2 and GGBT-3) were compared with those of the GGBT decoction (GGBT-1). We confirmed the robustness of simultaneous analytical method by monitoring the contents of the commercial GGBT products and carrying out validation. The marker components of GGBT were geniposide ($8.03{\sim}12.70{\mu}g/mL$), paeoniflorin ($2.79{\sim}4.25{\mu}g/mL$) and glycyrrhizic acid ($5.06{\sim}6.30{\mu}g/mL$). DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 47.34~63.17% and 21.52~33.61% in the GGBT products concentration of $1,000{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The GGBT products significantly decreased NO, iNOS and COX-2 production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner. The GGBT-2 had higher contents of marker components and biological activities than GGBT-1 and GGBT-3. The research suggest that be used in developing quality control methods for enhancing the quality of herbal medicines.

The aims of this study were to evaluate the reliability and validity of the cold and heat pattern identification questionnaire (CHPIQ). From July 2015 to December 2015, 120 participants, university faculties, filled out CHPIQ by the way of self-reporting. Then two Korean medical doctors independently diagnosed them whether they belonged to cold pattern (CP) or not, and heat pattern (HP) or not. We evaluated the internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and the validity using the sensitivity and specificity through receiver operating characteristic-curve. The internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient) showed 0.754 (CP) and 0.753 (HP). The area under the curve was recorded with 0.884 (CP) and 0.786 (HP). The agreements between CHPIQ and experts were 82.8% (CP) and 72.9% (HP). The sensitivities showed 0.707 (CP) and 0.719 (HP), and the specificities were 0.935 (CP) and 0.736 (HP). This study suggests that CHPIQ is a reliable and valid instrument for estimating cold-heat pattern identification.

There are some controversies about the safety of herbal medicine. In order to examine the safety of herbal medicine, this study investigated the level of liver function test(AST/ALT) in patients taking herbal medicine for more than 6 months We checked liver function in 121 patients who took herbal medicine for more than 6 months. AST/ALT were measured before treatment and every 3 months (from 3 month to 9 month). In 121 patients taking herbal medicine for more than 6 months, mean AST level after 6 months was lower than before treatment and mean ALT level after 6 months was lower than before treatment. In 20 patients with abnormal AST/ALT before herbal treatment, 18 patients's AST/ALT changed to normal after 6 month herbal treatment. 2 patients's AST/ALT was slightly higher than normal. One woman patient met the criteria for herb-induced liver injury(HILI) with RUCAM scores 4 after taking herbal medicine for 6 months. Although her RUCAM score decreased to zero after taking herbal medicine for 9 months. This study suggests that long-term herbal medicine for 6 months or longer is very unlikely to injury liver function. Individual-specific liver damage may occur, it can be recovered.