• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.834-840
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• 1996

Flesh gingers harvested domestically in Seosan and Wanju area and imported from China were used to investigate their regional quality characteristics related to morphological properties-weight, maximum length, thickness, no. of branches, whole volume, hardness and surface color. Weights of ginger were mostly distributed in the range of $50{\sim}100\;g$; 47.6% of Seosan, 67.4% of Wanju and 45.7% of China gingers were in this range. Length and thickness of each gingers were increased with weight increment. The length of Seosan gingers was uniformly distributed overall, and the thickness of domestic products tends to be thinner than China ones. Branch number of domestic gingers was more widely distributed than China ones which had higher values than domestic's in volume. Domestic gingers were relatively harder than china ones, especially Seosan products was hardest among them. The surface color of China gingers was little more brighter than domestic's while domestic gingers were more yellowish. Statistical analyses showed a high correlation among physical properties except surface color and a functional relation between variables.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.419-426
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• 2006

A thermophilic microorganism, strain JE 375, which produces a thermostable protease, was isolated from soil and compost in Korea. This gram-positive, rod-shaped, catalase positive, motility positive, and hemolysis ${\beta}$ containing organism was implicated in glucose fermentation, mannitol fermentation, xylose oxidation, aerobic activity and spore formation. The color of the colony was yellowish white. The temperature range for growth at pH 6.5 was between 55 and $70^{\circ}C$, with an optimum growth temperature of $65^{\circ}C$. This result confirmed the strain JE 375 as a thermophilic microorganism. The enzyme was produced aerobically at $65^{\circ}C$ during 20 hr in a medium (pH 6.5) containing 1% trypton. 1% maltose, 0.5% yeast extract and 1% NaCl. The 16S rDNA of strain JE 375 had 97.6% sequence similarity with the 16S rDNA of Bacillus caldoxyloyticus. On the basis of biochemical and physiological properties and phylogenetic analysis, we named the isolated strain as Bacillus sp. JE 375. The thermostable protease from Bacillus sp. JE 375 had been partially purified and characterized. The molecular weight of the enzyme was deduced from SDS-PAGE and gel chromatography as 55 kDa and its optimal temperature was $60^{\circ}C$. The enzyme showed its highest activity at pH 7.5 and was stable from pH 7.0 to 8.0.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.1 s.176
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• pp.1-7
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• 2006

This paper attempts to locate and define a quartzite deposit in Geochang, Kyongsangnam Province in order to establish its commercial viability. The quartzite deposit (Poongwon Mine) occurs as lens or boudinage at the contact between mica schist of the Deogyusan formation and granite gneiss. During Precambrian, regional metamorphism and granitization may have caused the formation ot quartzite layers through recrystallization and rearrangement of silica components derived from older sedimentary rocks, probably chert and/or sandstone. The deposit is composed of fine-grained milky, or light yellowish quartz showing weak laminations with fairly dense and rough appearance in outcrop. It reaches about $60\;m(height)\times140\;m(length)\times35m(width)$ with attitude of $N57^{\circ}E-N8^{\circ}4E\;and\;51^{\circ}-60^{\circ}NW$. The average grade of the quartzite samples is $SiO_2=94.4\;wt\%,\;A1_2O_3=3.3\;wt\%,\; Fe_2O_3=0.8\;wt\%,\;K_2O=0.7\;wt\%$, which can be used for foundry, constructional materials, or concrete making. The proved reserve was estimated as 200,811 tonnage.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.6-13
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• 1992

Branchial apparatus anomaly is rarely encountered congenital neck disease, it presents a palpable non-tender mass or fistulous opening existed at any site from external auditory canal or mandible angle to lower part of neck We have reviewed the records of 50 patients operated upon for branchial cleft anomaly, at Department of Surgery, Inje University Hospital, between 1981 and 1990, and the following results were obtained. I) In the classificiation of branchial cleft anomaly, first branchial fistula was 1 case, second branchial cyst 32 cases, second branchial sinus 11 cases, second branchial fistula 5 cases and third branchial fistula 1 case. 2) There were 20 men and 30 women in this series and male to female ratio was 2:3. 3) The age at first clinical presentation was 1st decade 15 cases, 2nd decade 10 cases, 3rd decade 17 cases, 4th decade 5 cases and 5th decade 3 cases. The peak age incidence was 3rd decade in overall, but the cyst was most common in 2nd decade, and majority of sinus or fistula was seen below 10 years old age. 4) The prevalent side of this anomaly was right side in 19 cases, left side in 29 cases and bilateral 2 cases, and so left side was more common than right. 5) The clinical presentation was characterized by the lesion along anterior border of sternocleido muscle, non-tender palpable mass were 28 cases, drainage sinus 18 cases, recurrent abscess and drainage 5 cases and intermittent ear discharge 1 case. 6) The mean size of cyst was about 4cm that containing turbid white-yellowish fluid but discharge from sinus or fistula was clear mucoid. 7) The culture of cyst fluid was no bacteria, but 2 cases showed staphyloccoci suggesting secondary infection. 8) The surgical procedure were complete excision of cyst 32 cases, sinus excision 11 cases, fistula excision 6 cases and I&D 1 case. And the recurrent 1 case was that fistula tract could not be identified due to severe scar from previous several operations.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.334-337
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• 2012

A new promising kiwifruit, 'Halla Gold' variety with yellow flesh and being harvested in October, was developed at the Agricultural Research Center for Climate Change, National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Korea in 2007. This variety was derived from the seedling population crossed between Actinidia chinensis cv. Golden Yellow and A. chinensis cv. Songongu in 1997. It was selected out of 2,971 seedlings. Characteristic trials were carried out from 2001 to 2003. After the selection, adaptability test was also conducted at kiwifruit orchards in Jeju Island from 2003 to 2007. Shoots of 'Halla Gold' sprout slightly stronger than those of 'Jecy Gold' but weaker than 'Hort16A' and the color of leaf is green. Fruit shape is oblong and fruit skin color is yellowish-dark green without hair. The average weight of fruit is 106.3 g. Fruit has a moderate size soft core, yellow pericarp, and fragile and juicy flesh. Soluble solids content is $14.7^{\circ}$ Brix and acidity is 1.4%. The harvesting time is about 10 days earlier than 'Jecy Gold' and about 20 days ahead of 'Hort16A'. The storage life is about 90 days at $2^{\circ}C$. This variety can be recommended for cultivating at low land area bellow 100 m sea level in Jeju Island or under shelter to prevent disease and cold injury.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.512-516
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• 2013

Pear cultivar 'Sinhwa' (Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta Nakai) was originated from a cross between 'Niitaka' and Whasan' with the aims of improving the fruit quality and the traits of cultivation and of early maturing more than 'Whasan' cultivar at Pear Research Station of National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration in 1995. 'Sinhwa' was preliminarily selected in 2004 and named in 2009. The tree shows vigorous growth habit and semi-spread characters like 'Niitaka'. Furthermore, it has a sufficient and well upkeep of the flower bud, so it can be more easily cultivated in orchards. In the flower characteristics, flowering time of 'Sinhwa' is $11^{th}$ April like as maternal parent 'Niitaka'. Also 'Sinhwa' has short of pollen grains, so it is need above two pollinizer cultivars. 'Sinhwa' is highly resistant to black leaf spot (Alternaria kikuchiana) and relatively strong to pear scab (Venturia nashicola) in field condition. The optimum harvest time is around Sep. $15^{th}$ in Naju, which is ahead of 'Whasan' about 10 days in the harvest period. The fruit shape is oblate and fruit skin color is yellowish-brown during harvesting time. The average weight of fruit is 627 g, and the soluble solids content is $13.0^{\circ}Brix$. The flesh is very soft and juicy, and renders good eating quality. Shelf life is about 30 days under the room temperature condition.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.447-456
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• 2013

This study was carried out for the establishment of theory and foundational data for breeding, on variegated foliage plants using for potted plants, based on examination and analysis for shape, color, and area ratio of variegated leaves and chlorophyll contents. Six families, 18 genus, and 54 species of variegated plants domestically distributed in Korea were used as the plant materials. Patterns based on chlorophyll-deficient part in variegated leaves were divided into 20 types, such as steps, border, collapsed border, sandy border, half, silk, stars, vein, firewood, border and firewood, center, entirety, leaf, irregular, net, watermelon, melon, and so on. There were 10 kinds of colors including dark green, red, dark red, reddish white, reddish yellow, white, silver, silvery white, yellowish white, and yellow. The ratio of variegated area was ranged from 5.8% to 100% and it was diverse depending on species or cultivar. The ratios by patterns were highest in entirety (98.6%) and relatively high in step (60.8%), whereas, low in boarder, star and firewood (33.6-36.4%), and relatively low in half and vein (43%). Chlorophyll content of variegated leaf was rather lower compared to normal plants and chlorophyll b tended to be higher in ratio of chlorophyll a to b. Particularly content of chlorophyll b in Stromanthe sanguinea 'Triostar', Dracaena fragrans 'Massangeana Compacta', D. reflexa 'Song of India', and Tradescantia spathacea was higher than chlorophyll a in comparison with that of normal plants.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.275-285
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• 2020

Two specimens presumed to be hybrids of Rhodeus pseudosericeus and R. notatus were collected from the Sangcheon Stream of the Han River, Korea. The body color of natural hybrid individuals was yellowish brown, showing the intermediate characteristics of R. pseudosericeus and R. notatus, but overall, the characteristics of R. notatus were similar. Meristic and morphometric characters, the number of dorsal fin rays, anal fin rays and longitudinal row scales showed a hybrid index (HI) of 0, indicating the characters of R. notatus. The hybrid index of predorsal length (HI=74.6), preanal length (HI=75.3), and preventral length (HI=77.6) were similar to the characters of the R. pseudosericeus. Also four characters were appeared to have intermediate characters between R. pseudosericeus and R. notatus; number of gill rakers (HI=55.3), body depth (HI=67.9), snout length (HI=43.4), and inter orbital width (HI=44.8). The rest of 14 characters deviated between 0 and 100, showing unique characteristics of hybrid individuals. Recombination activating gene 1 (RAG1) analysis, hybrids were identified as natural hybrids due to the overlapping peaks of their parent species. Also, as a result of analysis using the cytochrome b gene (COB), one individual was derived from R. pseudosericeus, while the other was derived from R. notatus.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.104-109
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• 2013

The spawning characteristics of Hexagrammos agrammus and Hexagrammos otakii was directly observed in coastal regions of the Yellow Sea and South Sea during the spawning seasons using scuba diving. The territorial male H. agrammus showed different body size, nuptial coloration and nest location compared to those of H. otakii, even though both species caring egg masses were found at the almost same depths. In the West sea, a relatively small guardian H. agrammus male protects 1-2 egg masses laid on a clump of red algae within his territory. The territorial males in red nuptial coloration and their egg masses were well camouflaged in their surroundings. Contrary to H. agammus, a guardian H. otakii male in yellowish nuptial coloration protects 4-8 egg masses in a nest. In addition, their nests were located on the relatively open environments such as discarded fishing nets, rock crevices and a clump of algae. The results of present study shows that even though both of two species belonged to Hexagrammidae, they have different strategies for spawning and protecting their egg masses.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 1988

In the case of white cocoon, the fluorescence colors are classified as a yellowish fluorescence cocoon(Y.F.C.) and a violet fluorescence cocoon(V.F.C.) by exposing to ultra-violet ray. Accordingly, experiments were carried out to investigate the difference of sericin behaviors between Y.F.C. and V.F.C. by measuring the sericin solubility, surface tension and viscosity of the sericin solution. Also, the reelability of two different type of cocoons was investigated in the silk reeling process. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The sericin solubility of Y.F.C. shell is higher than that of V.F.C. shell with the dissolution temperature and time. It is shown that the sericin solubility curves of Y.F.c. and V.F.C. are similar in shape, but the difference of sericin solubility between Y.F.C. and V.F.C. is more significant at higher bath temperature. 2. The initial sericin dissolution curves of Y.F.C. and V.F.C. cocoon shell can be divided by four parts within the range of dissolving time from 5 minutes to 60 minutes. The initial dissolution velocity of Y.F.C. shell is faster than that of V.F.C. but the velocity difference is negligible after 30 minutes of dissolving time. 3. The gelation of V.F.C. sericin solution is faster than that of Y.F.C. at early stage(in the range of 15 minutes to 60 minutes). 4. In the silk reeling process, the reelability of Y.F.C. is better than that of V.F.C. with about 11%. This is mainly due to the higher sericin solubility in Y.F.C. followed by the fast dissolution velocity.