• 제목/요약/키워드: ubiquitin ligase

검색결과 101건 처리시간 0.024초

식물 CRL4 복합체의 구조, 기능 및 식물 세포 내 다양한 이벤트와의 연계성 (Structure and Biological Function of Plant CRL4, and Its Involvement in Plant Cellular Events)

  • 이재훈
    • 생명과학회지
    • /
    • 제26권3호
    • /
    • pp.364-375
    • /
    • 2016
  • 번역 후 변형 과정은 외부 자극으로부터 세포의 신속한 반응을 야기하는데 있어서 매우 효율적인 기작이다. 이 중, 유비퀴티네이션은 진핵생물 내 대표적인 번역 후 변형 과정으로서, 이러한 유비퀴티네이션에 의해 매개되는 UPS (유비퀴틴/프로테아좀 시스템)는 세포 내 다양한 단백질들의 분해과정을 통해 그들의 안정성을 조절한다. 유비퀴티네이션 과정에 참여하는 3종류의 효소 중에서, E3 효소는 분해할 대상 기질을 결정한다는 면에서 그 중요성을 가지고 있다. CRL (cullin-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase)은 E3 효소 중 가장 거대한 그룹을 형성하고 있는데, 이들은 생체 내에서 cullin, RBX1, 어댑터, 기질 수용체로 이루어진 복합체의 형태로서 그 기능을 발휘한다. 이 중, SCF 복합체로도 알려진 CRL1 복합체의 기능은 다양한 연구를 통해 광범위하게 알려져 온 반면, CRL4 복합체에 대한 연구 및 고찰은 상대적으로 미흡한 실정이다. 또한, 애기장대는 DCAF로 명명된 잠재적 기질 수용체를 총 119개 보유하고 있는데, 현재까지 이들 중 일부 기질 수용체들의 기능만이 밝혀진 상태로서, 나머지 기질 수용체들의 기능 규명은 향후 활발히 탐색되어야 할 연구분야라 할 수 있다. 본 총설에서는 식물의 CRL4 복합체의 구조 및 활성 조절을 알아보고, 각 CRL4 복합체가 관여하는 다양한 식물 내 이벤트에 관하여 최근까지 보고된 CRL4 기질 수용체들을 중심으로 그 연구 진행 사항을 업데이트하고자 한다. 이러한 접근은 각 CRL4 복합체가 기능하는 식물의 다양한 신호 전달 기작들을 보다 명확히 이해하고, 향후 전체 CRL4 복합체의 작용 네트워크를 구축하는데 있어 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

진핵 미생물에서의 COP9 signalosome의 역할 (The COP9 Signalosome Network in Eukaryotic Microorganisms)

  • 천영미;이수진
    • 한국균학회지
    • /
    • 제41권1호
    • /
    • pp.1-8
    • /
    • 2013
  • Cop9 signalosome(CSN)은 최초 식물 발달 과정에서의 빛에 의한 전사 조절 과정에서의 억제 유전자로 처음 분리된 이후 이들이 다양한 진핵 생물 에서 매우 잘 보존되어 있음이 알려지게 되었다. 이들은 대부분 8개의 subunit으로 구성되며 26S proteasome lid와 eIF3와 구조적으로는 물론 기능적으로도 유사성을 보인다고 알려져 있다. 이들은 특히 Cullin-Ring ubiquitin ligases(CRL)의 구성 요소인 Cullin의 deneddylation을 매개하여 ubiquitin ligase의 활성을 조절한다고 알려져 있으며, 또한 세포 주기 및 checkpoint 조절에 관여한다고 보고되었다. 분열효모의 경우 CSN1 및 CSN2 결손 세포에서 S-phase로서의 진행이 지연됨이 관찰되었고 감마선 혹은 UV에 좀더 민감해지는 현상이 관찰되어 CSN이 checkpoint 조절에 관여한다는 것을 보여주었다. 곰팡이의 CSN 경우 구조적으로 더욱 상위 개체들의 그것과 더욱 유사한데, CSN이 생체 시계 리듬, 빛과 연관한 호르몬 생산, 곰팡이의 발달 과정 및 생식 주기를 조절함이 보고되었다. 또한 Aspergillus nidulans의 경우 상위개체에서 보여준 DNA 합성 및 손상, 세포 주기 조절에서의 기능이 알려지면서 CSN은 곰팡이 생활사에 필수적인 여러 과정들을 조절하는 중요한 인자임을 알 수 있다. 이로써 식물이나 포유동물 등에서 보고되었던 CSN의 주요 기능을 미생물에서도 대부분 공유하고 있음을 알 수 있고 이들이 CRL을 통한 주요 세포 활성 조절 연구에 좋은 툴로서 활용할 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

Cullin 3/KCTD5 Promotes the Ubiqutination of Rho Guanine Nucleotide Dissociation Inhibitor 1 and Regulates Its Stability

  • Cho, Hee Jun;Ryu, Ki-Jun;Baek, Kyoung Eun;Lim, Jeewon;Kim, Taeyoung;Song, Chae Yeong;Yoo, Jiyun;Lee, Hee Gu
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
    • /
    • 제30권10호
    • /
    • pp.1488-1494
    • /
    • 2020
  • Rho guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor 1 (RhoGDI1) plays important roles in numerous cellular processes, including cell motility, adhesion, and proliferation, by regulating the activity of Rho GTPases. Its expression is altered in various human cancers and is associated with malignant progression. Here, we show that RhoGDI1 interacts with Cullin 3 (CUL3), a scaffold protein for E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. Ectopic expression of CUL3 increases the ubiquitination of RhoGDI1. Furthermore, potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 5 (KCTD5) also binds to RhoGDI1 and increases its interaction with CUL3. Ectopic expression of KCTD5 increases the ubiquitination of RhoGDI1, whereas its knockdown by RNA interference has the opposite effect. Depletion of KCTD5 or expression of dominant-negative CUL3 (DN-CUL3) enhances the stability of RhoGDI1. Our findings reveal a previously unknown mechanism for controlling RhoGDI1 degradation that involves a CUL3/KCTD5 ubiquitin ligase complex.

제브라피쉬를 이용한 새로운 유전자의 발굴 및 기능분석 (Zebrafish as a Tool for Function Genomics)

  • 김현택;김철희
    • 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
    • /
    • 제7권2호
    • /
    • pp.69-80
    • /
    • 2003
  • 대량의 발생 유전학적 연구가 가능한 척추동물로서 최근 제브라피쉬가 새로운 동물모델로 급부상하고 있다 다양한 형태의 돌연변이들로부터 새로운 유전자들이 발굴되어지고 있으며, 인간 유전체의 기능 분석 수단으로 활용되어지고 있다. 신경계의 형성과 분화에 이상이 있는 hendless와 mind bomb이라는 두 가지 돌연변이주에서 positional cloning에 의한 원인 유전자의 발굴과 기능 분석의 예로써 현재 제브라피쉬의 연구 현황을 살펴보고자 한다. headless의 원인 유전자로 Tcf-3가 밝혀졌으며, 초기 발생단계에서 Wnt 신호전달이 두뇌의 형태형성과 영역 결정에서 핵심적 역할을 하고 있다는 사실이 밝혀졌다. mind bomb에서의 비정상적인 신경세포의 운명 결정은 lateral inhibition과 Notch 신호전달의 결함에 의한 것이고, 그 원인 유전자는 Notch ligand인 Delta에 결합하는 새로운 ubiquitin E3 ligase로 밝혀졌다. 이러한 돌연변이를 통한 연구는 현재 인간 질환모델의 개발이라는 방향으로 확대되고 있다.

  • PDF

Bioinformatics Analysis of Autophagy and Mitophagy Markers Associated with Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Following Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

  • Youn, Dong Hyuk;Kim, Bong Jun;Hong, Eun Pyo;Jeon, Jin Pyeong
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
    • /
    • 제65권2호
    • /
    • pp.236-244
    • /
    • 2022
  • Objective : To evaluate the interactions among differentially expressed autophagy and mitophagy markers in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) patients with delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI). Methods : The expression data of autophagy and mitophagy-related makers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cells was analyzed by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. The markers included death-associated protein kinase (DAPK)-1, BCL2 interacting protein 3 like (BNIP3L), Bcl-1 antagonist X, phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced kinase (PINK), Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1, nuclear dot protein 52, and p62. In silico functional analyses including gene ontology enrichment and the protein-protein interaction network were performed. Results : A total of 56 SAH patients were included and 22 (38.6%) of them experienced DCI. The DCI patients had significantly increased mRNA levels of DAPK1, BNIP3L, and PINK1, and increased expression of BECN1 compared to the non-DCI patients. The most enriched biological process was the positive regulation of autophagy, followed by the response to mitochondrial depolarization. The molecular functions ubiquitin-like protein ligase binding and ubiquitin-protein ligase binding were enriched. In the cluster of cellular components, Lewy bodies and the phagophore assembly site were enriched. BECN1 was the most connected gene among the differentially expressed markers related to autophagy and mitophagy in the development of DCI. Conclusion : Our study may provide novel insight into mitochondrial dysfunction in DCI pathogenesis.

SCFFBS1 Regulates Root Quiescent Center Cell Division via Protein Degradation of APC/CCCS52A2

  • Geem, Kyoung Rok;Kim, Hyemin;Ryu, Hojin
    • Molecules and Cells
    • /
    • 제45권10호
    • /
    • pp.695-701
    • /
    • 2022
  • Homeostatic regulation of meristematic stem cells accomplished by maintaining a balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is critical for proper plant growth and development. The quiescent center (QC) regulates root apical meristem homeostasis by maintaining stem cell fate during plant root development. Cell cycle checkpoints, such as anaphase promoting complex/cyclosome/cell cycle switch 52 A2 (APC/CCCS52A2), strictly control the low proliferation rate of QC cells. Although APC/CCCS52A2 plays a critical role in maintaining QC cell division, the molecular mechanism that regulates its activity remains largely unknown. Here, we identified SCFFBS1, a ubiquitin E3 ligase, as a key regulator of QC cell division through the direct proteolysis of CCS52A2. FBS1 activity is positively associated with QC cell division and CCS52A2 proteolysis. FBS1 overexpression or ccs52a2-1 knockout consistently resulted in abnormal root development, characterized by root growth inhibition and low mitotic activity in the meristematic zone. Loss-of-function mutation of FBS1, on the other hand, resulted in low QC cell division, extremely low WOX5 expression, and rapid root growth. The 26S proteasome-mediated degradation of CCS52A2 was facilitated by its direct interaction with FBS1. The FBS1 genetically interacted with APC/CCCS52A2-ERF115-PSKR1 signaling module for QC division. Thus, our findings establish SCFFBS1-mediated CCS52A2 proteolysis as the molecular mechanism for controlling QC cell division in plants.

Aryl Sulfonamides Induce Degradation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Nuclear Translocator through CRL4DCAF15 E3 Ligase

  • Kim, Sung Ah;Jo, Seung-Hyun;Cho, Jin Hwa;Yu, Min Yeong;Shin, Ho-Chul;Kim, Jung-Ae;Park, Sung Goo;Park, Byoung Chul;Kim, Sunhong;Kim, Jeong-Hoon
    • Molecules and Cells
    • /
    • 제43권11호
    • /
    • pp.935-944
    • /
    • 2020
  • Aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) plays an essential role in maintaining cellular homeostasis in response to environmental stress. Under conditions of hypoxia or xenobiotic exposure, ARNT regulates the subset of genes involved in adaptive responses, by forming heterodimers with hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIF1α and HIF2α) or aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Here, we have shown that ARNT interacts with DDB1 and CUL4-associated factor 15 (DCAF15), and the aryl sulfonamides, indisulam and E7820, induce its proteasomal degradation through Cullin-RING finger ligase 4 containing DCAF15 (CRL4DCAF15) E3 ligase. Moreover, the two known neo-substrates of aryl sulfonamide, RNA-binding motif protein 39 (RBM39) and RNA-binding motif protein 23 (RBM23), are not required for ARNT degradation. In line with this finding, aryl sulfonamides inhibited the transcriptional activities of HIFs and AhR associated with ARNT. Our results collectively support novel regulatory roles of aryl sulfonamides in both hypoxic and xenobiotic responses.

Nuclear Localization of Chfr Is Crucial for Its Checkpoint Function

  • Kwon, Young Eun;Kim, Ye Seul;Oh, Young Mi;Seol, Jae Hong
    • Molecules and Cells
    • /
    • 제27권3호
    • /
    • pp.359-363
    • /
    • 2009
  • Chfr, a checkpoint with FHA and RING finger domains, plays an important role in cell cycle progression and tumor suppression. Chfr possesses the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and stimulates the formation of polyubiquitin chains by Ub-conjugating enzymes, and induces the proteasome-dependent degradation of a number of cellular proteins, including Plk1 and Aurora A. While Chfr is a nuclear protein that functions within the cell nucleus, how Chfr is localized in the nucleus has not been clearly demonstrated. Here, we show that nuclear localization of Chfr is mediated by nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequences. To reveal the signal sequences responsible for nuclear localization, a short lysine-rich stretch (KKK) at amino acid residues 257-259 was replaced with alanine, which completely abolished nuclear localization. Moreover, we show that nuclear localization of Chfr is essential for its checkpoint function but not for its stability. Thus, our results suggest that NLS-mediated nuclear localization of Chfr leads to its accumulation within the nucleus, which may be important in the regulation of Chfr activation and Chfr-mediated cellular processes, including cell cycle progression and tumor suppression.

Heterogeneous overexpression of Oryza sativa salt induced RING Finger protein OsSIRF1 positively regulates salt and osmotic stress in transgenic Arabidopsis

  • Chapagain, Sandeep;Jang, Cheol Seong
    • 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
    • /
    • pp.150-150
    • /
    • 2017
  • Plants suffer from various abiotic stresses among them; soil salinity is one of major adverse factor in declining agricultural productivity. So, development of salt stress tolerance crops have potential role to increase crop production. The RING finger proteins are known to play crucial roles in abiotic stress environment to plants. In this study, we identified one Salt-responsive Really${\underline{I}nteresting}$ ${\underline{n}ew}$ ${\underline{g}ene}$ (RING) E3 ubiquitin ligase gene OsSIRF1 from rice root tissues during salt stress and studied its molecular function. Expression of OsSIRF1 was induced under various abiotic stress conditions, including salt, heat, drought, and ABA. Result of an in vitro ubiquitination assay clearly showed that OsSIRF1 Possess an E3 ligase activity. Moreover, OsSIRF1 was found to be localized to the nucleus within the cell. Heterogeneous overexpression of OsSIRF1 in Arabidopsis improved seed germination and increased root length under salt and Manitol stress conditions. Taking together, these results suggested that OsSIRF1 may be associated with plant responses to abiotic stressors and positively regulates salt and osmotic stress environment.

  • PDF