• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1445-1453
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• 2013

Human skin is constantly exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation, polluted air, and chemical products. UV rays, in particular, will affect the skin in a variety of ways, including causing wrinkles, fine lines, rough skin, and xeroderma, thereby resulting in skin aging. This study aimed to investigate the whitening effects of Juniperus rigida Sieb., which is a cedar tree that is found throughout the world. The whitening efficacy that was measured by tyrosinase inhibition revealed 49.4% efficacy in water extract and 80.0% efficacy in ethanol extract. Among the B16F10 black cells, the effect of the ethanol extract was higher than the effect of the water extract in the restrain creation of melanin pigment, tyrosinase, microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), and tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2). Thus, the results of these studies demonstrated that the ethanol extract had greater efficacy than the water extract and Juniperus rigida Sieb. Ethanol extracts could be utilized as materials for functional cosmetics, such as whitening products.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.432-438
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• 2016

This study was peformed to investigate the mechanism of ethanol extract of Eclipta Prostrata (L.) L. (EEP) induced melanogenesis. EEP enhanced tyrosinase activity and melanin contents of B16F10 cells. Moreover, EEP increased the protein expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1). But EEP did not increase the protein expression of tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2). These results suggest that melanogenesis-promoting effect of EEP was involved in regulation of tyrosinaase and TRP-1 protein, and EEP may be a potent pigmentation darkening agent in hypopigmentation condition.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.337-342
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• 2009

Acquired pigmentary skin diseases such as abnormal melanogenesis, vitiligo, chloasma and inflammatory pigmentation are related to regulate the melanin production, In this study, an ethanol extract of Hovenia dulcis Thunb.(EHD) makedly inhibited melanin biosynthesis and suppressed, the protein expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1(TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2(TRP-2) in B16F10 cells. On the other hand, EHD did not inhibit mushroom tyrosinase activity. These results indicate that EHD may contribute to the inhibition of melanin biosynthesis through regulating tyrosinase activity and expression, and serve as a new candidate in the design of new skin-whitening or therapeutic agents.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.327-332
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• 2017

In this study, the whitening activity of Nymphoides indica extract in B16F10 cells were measured. Inhibition rate of tyrosinase from mushroom was 42% at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$. And inhibition of tyrosinase and melanin biosynthesis in B16F10 cells were 26 and 25% at $5{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The expression levels of cAMP and protein kinase A (PKA), which are higher levels of melanin-related factors, were found to be decreased in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the expression rate of protein and mRNA of tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein 1 (TRP1), tyrosinase related protein 2 (TRP2) and microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF). In this study, it was confirmed that the N. indica extract effectively inhibited the activity of tyrosinase, TRP1, TRP2 and MITF as well as the activity of PKA by effectively inhibiting cAMP. Therefore, it was confirmed that the N. indica extract has high value as a functional material.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.226-232
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• 2017

In this study, ethanol extract of Epimedium koreanum Nakai(EEKN) enhanced melanogenesis by inducing expression of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1). But EEKN did not increase the protein expression of tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2). Moreover, EEKN enhanced tyrosinase activity and melanin contents of B16F10 cells. EEKN raised the expression of CREB phosphorylation and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) as a key transcription factor for tyrosinase expression regulating melanogenesis. And PKC inhibitor H89 supressed that EEKN induced tyrosinase activity, melanin contents, and expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1. These results suggest that melanogenesis-promoting effect of EEKN was correlated with regulation of tyrosinase and TRP-1 protein through cAMP/PKC pathway.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.24-30
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate melanogenesis inhibition of ethanol extract of Polyporus (EP) by using B16F10 melanoma cells. Methods : We measured antioxidant effect of EP by using 1,1-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay and we confirmed melanin contents and tyrosinase activity of EP in cells. Additionally, the expression of tyrosinase-related protein-1 (TRP-1) and TRP-2 was observed by Western blot. Results : EP showed significantly high radical scavenging activity and inhibition of melanogenesis in dose-dependent manner by decreasing cellular tyrosinase activity and melanin content with or without α-melanin stimulating hormone. TRP-1 and TRP-2 expressions were also suppressed by EP in B16F10 cells. Conclusions : These results suggest that EP inhibits the melanogenesis and it could be a new organic ingredient for hyper-pigmentation.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 2022

It has been reported that the ethanolic extract of the root of Piper methysticum (P. methysticum) inhibits melanogenesis in melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)-activated B16 melanoma cells. Flavokawain B (FKB) and Flavokawain C (FKC) isolated from this extract have been found to inhibit melanin production based on anti-melanogenesis activity. This study was designed to find out the inhibition and its process of FKB and FKC on melanin synthesis in melan-a melanocytes. FKB and FKC inhibited melanogenesis at 10 μM, 5 μM respectively in melan-a melanocytes. However, they did not inhibit extracellular tyrosinase activity from melan-a melanocytes. FKB reduced the protein level of tyrosinase (Tyr), tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2), microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) and the mRNA level of Tyr and TRP-1. FKC reduced the protein level of TRP-2 and MITF and the mRNA level of TRP-1 and Tyr. The reduced expression of Tyr and TRP-1 might be resulted from the decreased MITF which regulates major melanogenic proteins. However, since the mRNA expression of MITF did not change by FKB and FKC treatment, the effects of FKB and FKC on extracellular signal regulating kinase (ERK)/AKT phosphorylation, known to regulate the degradation of MITF, were confirmed. FKB and FKC significantly increased the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, not in AKT. These results suggest that FKB and FKC may be helpful as a potential depigmenting agent for various hyper-pigmentary disorders.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.157-163
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• 2014

Objectives : Gamisoyo-san complex prescription were made with Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Paeoniae Radix, Atractylodes rhizome white, Hoelen, Bupleuri Radix, Moutan Cortex Radicis, Gardeniae Fructus, Zingiberis Rhizoma Crudus, Menthae Herba. The purpose of this study was to research the whitening effect of the extract from Gamisoyo-san, which is one of the used herbal complex prescription. Methods : This study investigated inhibitory effect of Gamisoyo-san in tyrosinase activity. Cell viability were performed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Then, Gamisoyo-san measured reversed-transcription-PCR for mRNA expression using B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Results : For whitening effects, the tyrosinase inhibition effect of extract was shown to 52.4% at $5,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. The cell viability on B16F10 melanoma cells of Gamisoyo-san extract showed higher than 75% at $1,000{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ concentration. In this study, an experiment was performed by setting the non-toxic concentration range of 50, 150, $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. The Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used as a positive control. The microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF), tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1), tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2), tyrosinase mRNA expression inhibitory by reverse transcription-PCR of Gamisoyo-san extract were decreased by 95.3%, 98.8%, 96.3% and 49.5% at $250{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ which the highest concentration. Conclusions : All these findings could verify that whitening effects of Gamisoyo-san extract by tyrosinase inhibitory activity and mRNA expression. The Gamisoyo-san could be used as material for functional cosmetics, such as skin whitening products.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.707-713
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• 2015

Royal jelly has been widely used as a health supplement worldwide. However, royal jelly has been implicated in allergic reactions, and we developed a water-soluble royal jelly (WSRJ) without the allergy inducing protein. In this study, we aimed to identify the anti-melanogenic efficacy of WSRJ. B16F1 melanoma cells were first treated with 10 nM α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) and then with various doses of WSRJ. In addition, we investigated the mRNA and protein expression of melanogenesis-related genes such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein-1 (TRP-1) and TRP-2 by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. WSRJ directly inhibited tyrosinase and cellular tyrosinase activity, which decreased melanin synthesis in α-MSH stimulated B16F1 melanoma cells a level comparable to that observed with arbutin. WSRJ decreased the mRNA and protein expressions of tyrosinase, TRP-1, and TRP-2, which was comparable to that observed with arbutin. WSRJ has strong anti-melanogenic activity, which invoice direct inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme activity and suppression of expression of melanogenesis related genes. Results from this study suggests that WSRJ is a potential candidate for the treatment of skin pigmentation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.10
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• pp.1418-1424
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• 2010

This study was performed to assess the antioxidant activities and whitening effects of Sorbus commixta HEDL cortex on melanin synthesis. The whitening effects of Sorbus commixta HEDL cortex water extracts were examined by in vitro mushroom tyrosinase assay and B16BL6 melanoma cells. We assessed inhibitory effects of Sorbus commixta HEDL cortex water extracts on expression of melanogenic enzyme proteins including tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) and tyrosinase-related protein 2 (TRP-2) in B16BL6 cells. Inhibitory effects of Sorbus commixta HEDL cortex onto free radical generation were determined by measuring DPPH and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities. Our results indicated that Sorbus commixta HEDL cortex water extracts effectively inhibited free radical generation. In DPPH radical scavenging activity, Sorbus commixta HEDL cortex water extracts had a potent anti-oxidant activity in a dose-dependent manner. They significantly inhibited tyrosinase activity in vitro and in B16BL6 melanoma cells. Also, Sorbus commixta HEDL cortex suppressed the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 and TRP-2 in B16BL6 melanoma cells. These results show that Sorbus commixta HEDL cortex inhibited melanin production on the melanogenesis. The underlying mechanism of Sorbus commixta HEDL cortex on whitening activity may be due to the inhibition of tyrosinase activity and tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2 expression. We suggest that Sorbus commixta HEDL cortex may be contain new natural active ingredients for antioxidant and whitening cosmetics.