• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제39권3호
• /
• pp.449-463
• /
• 2020

This study was to analysis teaching strategies, types of inquiry activities and the relationship between science concepts and inquiry activities presented in science textbooks. As a result of the study, first, the inquiry-based teaching strategies presented in science textbooks were experiment, simulation, demonstration, and field study. Second, there were 53 inquiry activities presented in 8 units related to the earth science area of science textbooks, and the types of inquiry activities were experimental observation (EO) 18, mock activity (SA) 20, investigation discussion and presentation (IP). It was analyzed as 12, data interpretation (ID) 2, and express (EX) 1 piece. Third, the relationship between inquiry activities and science concepts presented in science textbooks was analyzed. As a result of the analysis, out of a total of 42 inquiry activities, 21 inquiry activities corresponded to EA (explicit activities), in which the result of inquiry activities was directly and explicitly linked to science concepts. And IA (implicit activities), which is an implicit inquiry activity in which science concepts must be inferred using the results of inquiry activities, were analyzed as 21. In particular, IA (implicit activities), which is an implicit inquiry activity, can be said to be the result of reflecting the characteristics of earth science areas where many simulated activities (SA) are used. This is considered to be a matter to be considered in the process of developing various elementary science textbooks in the future.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제38권4호
• /
• pp.453-464
• /
• 2019

In this study, the types of inquiry activities in the $5^{th}$ & $6^{th}$ grade science textbooks according to the 2015 revised science national curriculum were analyzed and compared according to grade level and science area. Science textbooks for elementary school $5^{th}$ & $6^{th}$ graders contain quite diverse types of inquiry activities, which are student-centered inquiry activities. There were comparatively higher proportions of inquiry types such as experiment & observation and simulation, but relatively lower of inquiry types of investigation-discourse & presentation, discussion, expression. Elementary science textbooks are expected to cultivate science key competencies for elementary school students. Considering the science area, the motion & energy, substances, earth & space, and integration areas had the most experiment & observation among activity types, while the life area had the most simulation activities. Even in some area of the 6th grade science textbook, there was little or no data interpretation, discussion, and simulation activities. In order to achieve the goal of elementary science education, science textbooks should be developed considering the revision of future elementary science curriculum.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.132-143
• /
• 2013

본 연구에서는 2009 개정 과학 교육과정에 따른 고등학교 물리 교과서에 제시된 탐구활동을 과학적 실천 개념을 이용하여 분석하고, 교과서를 통해 학생들에게 제공되는 가능한 탐구 학습의 경험을 알아보았다. 분석 결과 '자료를 분석하고 해석하기'와 '설명 구성하고 문제해결 고안하기'가 다른 과학적 실천에 비해 강조되는 것으로 나타났다. 반면 '질문하고 문제 규정하기'는 물리 교과서 4권을 통틀어 단 1건이 있었다. 단원별로 강조되는 과학적 실천의 차이가 거의 없어 특정 과학적 실천의 강조가 교과 내용과는 무관한 것으로 드러났다. 또한 탐구활동에서 수행한 과학적 실천이 교과서 내용 전개상의 탐구활동의 목적과는 무관하게 사용되고 있음이 드러났다. 교육과정과 교과서 그리고 교사 교육에 대한 시사점과 후속 연구 과제를 제시하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.202-212
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the connection among inquiry activities related to 'Metabolism' presented in life science textbooks developed according to the national common basic curriculum. To perform this, the type, process and context of inquiry activities of life science textbooks were analyzed. The number of inquiry activities is gradually increased from elementary to secondary school. As result of analysis, types, processes and skills, and context of inquiry were not balanced according to textbooks and school levels. It is suggested that the framework of evaluating inquiry activities based on curriculum objectives be provided when developing science textbooks. It also implies that teachers need to reconstruct inquiry contents and activities suitable to school situations when they teach in the real fields of education.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.275-286
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the features of inquiry activities using technology in the 2015 revised elementary science digital textbooks. For this, we analyzed the features of inquiry context and inquiry method presented in inquiry activities using three kinds of technology: Virtual experiment, virtual reality and augmented reality. As a result, firstly, the most common types of 77 inquiry activities were realistic type which shows the phenomenon actually and vividly as possible and realistic-abstract type which shows the phenomena with the abstract concepts. Second, the ways of using three technologies were different depending on the processes of inquiry and the sub-domains of science. For example, virtual experiment technologies were mostly used in the contents of physics and chemistry with the inquiry context of realistic-abstract type for investigating the relationship between variables of experiments and describing the phenomena mechanically. On the other hand, virtual reality and augmented reality techniques tended to be used more frequently in biology and earth science contents with the inquiry context of realistic type for observing and describing the phenomena. Finally, we discussed educational implications in terms of developing and applying technology-based inquiry activities.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.295-306
• /
• 2022

본 연구에서는 2022학년도부터 초등학교에서 과학 교과서가 검정교과서 체제로 변경되어 운영됨에 따라, 새로 개발된 초등과학 검정교과서 7종과 국정교과서의 탐구활동을 비교·분석하였다. 3차 교육과정부터 꾸준하게 강조해 온 '탐구활동'을 중심으로 검정교과서에 어떻게 반영되어있는지 등을 심층 분석하였다. 분석 대상은 지구과학 영역의 '지층과 화석' 단원을 선정하였고, 탐구활동 유형과 세부 탐구활동 유형 분석을 위하여 분석틀을 마련한 후, 교과서를 분석하였다. 첫째, 탐구활동의 전체적인 유형 분석을 위하여 6가지 탐구활동 유형(실험 관찰, 모의 활동, 조사 토의 및 발표, 자료 해석, 글쓰기 읽기, 표현하기) 분석 틀을 활용하였다. 그 결과, 국정교과서와 검정교과서에 제시된 7가지 탐구활동 중 2가지 탐구활동(여러 가지 지층 관찰하기, 과거 생물과 환경 추리하기)에서만 유형이 다르게 나타났다. 즉, 대체로 국정교과서의 탐구활동과 크게 다르지 않은 모습이었다. 이로써 탐구활동의 전체적인 유형 측면에서는 국정교과서를 활용할 때와 비교했을 때, 검정교과서의 도입을 통하여 교수 학습활동의 자율성과 다양성이 향상되었다고 하기에는 다소 무리가 있었다. 둘째, 세부 탐구활동 유형 분석을 위하여 탐구 기능, 소재, 탐구과정을 기준으로 선정하고, 중요 학습 요소와 관련한 탐구활동(지층의 형성 과정과 특성 알아보기, 퇴적암 생성 알아보기, 화석의 생성 알아보기)을 분석한 결과, 전체적인 탐구활동 유형 측면에 비해 더욱 다양성이 드러난 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 이로써 7종의 검정교과서의 도입으로 동일하거나 비슷한 탐구활동 유형이지만, 소재, 탐구과정 범주에서 작은 변화들이 생겼고, 현장에서는 7개의 다양한 활동을 진행할 수 있게 되었음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 분석을 통하여 다음과 같은 시사점을 얻을 수 있었다. 첫째, 교육과정 체제가 바뀌지 않은 상태에서 검정교과서로의 체제 변환이 이루어짐에 따라 기존의 국정교과서의 커다란 틀을 벗어나는 것이 쉬는 일이 아니었을 것으로 판단된다. 둘째, 검정교과서 체제 변화로 인하여 기대되는 자율성과 다양성 향상을 위하여 교육과정 자체를 너무 세분화하여 제시하지 않는 등의 체제 마련이 필요하다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제26권1호
• /
• pp.24-31
• /
• 2007

Research into scientific inquiry methods indicates that providing various types of inquiry methods can enhance students' science loaming in terms of providing students with actual science in various ways' more so than exposure to one type of inquiry method. This article develops a framework for an analysis of scientific inquiry types based on the nature of scientific enterprise. We selected three types of scientific inquiry: these were minds-on activities, hands-on activities, and experimenting. Elementary science textbooks in the 7th national science curriculum were analysed according to the following subject areas; earth science, physics, biology, and chemistry. A total of 61 teaching units from 3rd through 6th grade science textbooks were investigated. The frequencies of each type of scientific inquiry method were slightly different among four science subject areas. The most frequent type which appeared in physics and chemistry was the hands-on type, while the minds-on activity type was the most frequent type which appeared in earth science and biology.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.773-783
• /
• 2014

In National Curriculum of Science revised in 2007, the Free Inquiry was newly introduced to increase students' interest in science and to foster creativity by having students make their own question and find answer by themselves. The purpose of the study was to analyze characteristics, in cognitive domain, appeared in the processes of performing the Free Inquiry activities applying a brain-based evolutionary science teaching and learning principles. For this study, 106 fifth grade students participated, and they performed individually Free Inquiry activities. In order to characterize of the diversifying, estimating-evaluating-executing, and extending-applying activities in cognitive domain (C-DEF), the Free Inquiry diary constructed by the students, observations by a researcher, and interviews with the students were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively. The major results of this study were as follows: First, at C-D step, many students (71.5%) had difficulty in searching the meanings of their results and the contents of interpretations were at the level of simple description of their results. A few students (15.2%) derived interpretations based on causal relationships between specific variable and result. Also, the tendency that the numbers of interpretation about meaning of their results were increased as the scores of science attitude and achievement was appeared. Second, at C-E step, the students showed tendency of considering facts exactly explaining inquiry topic and being appliable to daily life rather than objectivity or accuracy of scientific knowledge. Third, at C-F step, there were three types of extension and application: simple repetition (8.2%), extension (64.0%), and upward application (17.6%) types. Based on these findings, implications for supporting appropriate interpretation, evaluation, and application of inquiry results are discussed.

• 한국지구과학회지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.501-510
• /
• 2005

10학년 과학 교과서 지구 단원의 학습 내용에 포함되어 있는 탐구 과제가 제7차 교육 과정의 목표에 따라 제시되었는지를 판단하기 위해 11종 과학 교과서의 기본 과정에 제시되어 있는 탐구 과제의 유형과 기본 탐구 기능, 통합탐구 기능, 탐구 활동의 빈도를 조사하였고, 제시된 탐구 기능과 활동이 적절한지를 분석하였다. 분석한 결과 탐구 과제는 평균 24.0개가 제시되었으나 교과서마다 차이가 있었고 제시하는 유형이 달랐다. 탐구 활동의 빈도는 교과서마다 달랐고 제시된 것보다 더 많이 분석되었으며 통합적인 활동으로 제시되지 않고 하나의 탐구 기능처럼 제시되어 있었다. 또한 교과서에 제시된 통합 탐구 기능은 $77.2\%$로 기본 탐구 기능 $22.8\%$보다 많은 것으로 보였지만, 실제로 기본 탐구기능과 통합 탐구 기능의 분포 비율은 각각 $45.6\%$와 $56.4\%$로 조사되었다. 각 탐구 기능 중에서는 추리$(49.5\%)$와 자료해석$(68.7\%)$이 가장 많이 있었고, 문제 인식, 가설 설정, 일반화 등의 탐구 요소는 제시되고 있지 않았다. 또한 제7차 교육 과정에서 탐구 기능, 탐구 활동에 대한 의미를 제시하고 있지 않기 때문에 교과서마다 본질적 의미와 일치하지 않거나 협소한 의미로 사용되고 있었다. 이는 교육 과정이 탐구, 탐구 기능, 탐구 활동에 대한 의미를 조작적 수준으로 제시하고, 탐구 활동을 구성하기 위한 기준을 마련한 필요가 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2014

This study analyzed the inquiry activities in the 'matter' units from each science textbook for the fifth and the sixth graders developed by the 2007 revised national curriculum, using Practical Activity Analysis Inventory proposed by Millar(2009) to examine types of learning objectives, hands-on contents(what students have to do with objects and materials), minds-on contents(what students have to 'do' with ideas), and logical structure each activity had. The results of this study are as follows: First, most learning objectives of the inquiry activities seems to be suitable for the standards of 2007 revised national curriculum. Second, the standards of 2007 revised national curriculum are properly reflected in hands-on contents of inquiry activities. Third, minds-on contents of inquiry activities are well developed to meet the standards of 2007 revised national curriculum as a whole. Fourth, the logical structures of inquiry activities are mostly adequate for achieving the goals of the 2007 revised national curriculum. In the textbook for the fifth graders, however, all the activities are focusing too much on using students' current ideas to generate a prediction and collecting data to explore or test it. Based on these findings, this research has concluded that learning objectives, minds-on contents and logical structures of inquiry activities need to be designed carefully for students to be exposed to various activities when developing following textbooks.