• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.27-31
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• 2003

In order to monitoring the chicken meat hygiene, 165 chicken samples were tested for contamination agents such as the total bacterial counts, coliform bacterial counts and falling bacterial counts. The prevalence of level on number of standard plate count(SPC), total bacterial counts in less than 10$^3$cfu/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 10$^3$∼10$^4$cfu/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 10$^4$∼10$\^$5/cfu/$\textrm{cm}^2$ were 30 samples (18.2%), 98 samples(59.4%) and 37 samples(22.4%), respectively. The coliform bacterial counts in less than 10$^2$cfu/$\textrm{cm}^2$, 10$^2$∼10$^3$cfu/$\textrm{cm}^2$ and 10$^3$∼10$^4$cfu/$\textrm{cm}^2$ were 7 samples(4.2%), 66 samples (40.0%), 92 samples(55.8%), respectively. The falling bacterial counts in plants were higher 9.1, in summer 8.4, in fall 7.2 in spring and 6.7 in winter decreased.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.221-225
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• 2003

In order to monitoring the chicken meat hygiene, 165 chicken samples were tested for contamination agents such as the total bacterial counts, coliform bacterial counts and falling bacterial counts. The prevalence of level on number of standard plate count, total bacterial counts in less than $10^3\;cfu/cm^2$, $10^3{\sim}10^4\;cfu/cm^2$ and $10^3-10^5\;cfu/cm^2$ was 30 samples(18.2%), 98 samples(59.4%) and 37 samples(22.4%), respectively. The coliform bacterial counts in less than $10^2\;cfu/cm^2$, $10^2{\sima}10^$\;cfu/cm^2$ and $10^3{\sim}10^4\;cfu/cm^2$ was 7 samples(42.2%), 66 samples(40.0%), 92 samples(58.8%), respectively. The falling bacterial counts in plants was higher 9.1 in summer, 8.4 in fall, 7.2 in spring and 6.7 in winter, in order.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.764-769
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• 1994

본 실험은 원유내외 세균을 빠르고, 일관성있고, 신뢰성이 있는 평가 system을 얻기 위함이며, 원유 내외 총균수와 저온성균수, 대장균군수를 malthus의 detection time과 regression equation과 상관관계를 조사하였다. Conductance method는 종래의 plate count method보다빠르고 자동적이며, 노동력을 최대한 절감할 수 있다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Conductance detection time을 (Y), total bacterial log count를 (X)라고 할 때 regression equation Y=18.27651-2.07550X, 상관계수는 -0.95(n=201)로 나타났다. 2. Conductance detection time을 (Y), total bacterial log counts를 (X)라고 할때 regression equation Y=9.32048-1.15598X, 상관계수는 -0.90(n=207)로 나타났다. 3. Conductance dotection time을 (Y), psychrotrophic bacterial log counts를 (X)라 할때 regression equation Y=29.96008-3,02487X 상관계수는 -0.90(n=201)로나타났다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2020

Standard samples were prepared for this study, and applied for BactoScan^TM and BactoCount^TM in order for quality control evaluation for total bacterial count in raw milk. Accordingly, the preparation of two lots of standard samples for quality control were lyophilized, which contain Lactobacillus lactis. The standard samples were prepared into three different levels of bacterial counts, those were Low 30,000~40,000, Medium 70,000~90,000, High 150,000~220,000 CFU/mL, respectively. Then, the proficiency tests were performed in total 19 laboratories for measuring total bacterial counts. The total bacterial counts in the standard samples showed 37~42, 82~105, 214~240 CFU/mL in the first lot, and it showed 30~36, 67~75, 131~163 CFU/mL in the second lot in low, medium and high levels, respectively. Based on these results, the absolute values of z-scores of six standard samples in 18 laboratories were ≤2, which means the samples are satisfactory. However, z-score in one laboratory was ≤3, which means the sample is questionable. Using two standard samples, the correlation between BactoScan^TM and BactoCount^TM was 0.9982, which means the results of total bacterial count measurement of both equipment were equivalent. Therefore, the standard samples manufactured in this study for quality control of total bacterial count using BactoScan^TM and BactoCount^TM in the raw milk could be applied to proficiency tests.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.433-437
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• 2002

본 연구는 손착유 모유와 breast-pump에 의한 기계착유모유 중의 총균수와 대장균수를 검사하고 또한 냉장 및 실온보존에 따른 모유(초유, 성숙유)와 환원조제분유의 저장성을 파악하고자 시험하였다. 시험 결과 breast-pump로 수집한 모유 중의 총균수는 2.02$\times$$10^4$CFU/mL로 손착유에 의한 총균수 1.06$\times$$10^4$ CFU/mL보다 약 2배 가량 많이 나타났으며 특히 대장균의 경우, 손착유에 의한 감염율이 12.9%인 반면 breast-pump로 수집한 모유의 감염율은 19.5%로 높게 나타났다. 또한 모유와 환원조제분유를 냉장(4$^{\circ}C$) 및 실온(2$0^{\circ}C$, 3$0^{\circ}C$)상태에서 보존하면서 총균수와 대장균수의 변화를 시험한 결과, 4$^{\circ}C$에서 대장균수의 변화는 10일 동안 뚜렷한 변화를 보이지 않았으며 총균수는 지속적으로 약간 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 2$0^{\circ}C$에서 총균수의 변화는 모유 성숙유와 모유 초유에서 뚜렷한 증가 추세를 보이지 않았으나 대장균의 경우 지속적인 증가 추세를 보였으며, 특히 환원조제분유에서 대장균수는 12시간 이후 급속히 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다. 3$0^{\circ}C$에서 총균수의 변화는 모유 성숙유의 경우 12시간 이후 급속히 증가하는 경향을 보였으나 모유 초유의 경우 뚜렷한 증가 추세를 보여주지 않았다. 반면에 환원조제분유는 6시간 이후 급속히 증가하는 추세를 나타냈다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.151-156
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• 1986

경기도 일원의 각 목장에서 집유한 원유의 일반세균수와 저온세균수를 조사하고, 유질의 변화를 검토하였다. 원유의 총 균수는 1980년 여름에 $10^{7}/ml$, 겨울에는 $10^{6}/ml$을 유지하였다. 대장균군도 1982년 여름에는 $10^{6}/ml$였고 겨울에는 $1{\times}10^{5}/ml$였으나 매년 감소하여, 1985년에는 년중 균일하게 $1{\times}10^{5}/ml$ 이하였다. 저온성 세균은 매년 증가하는 추세에 있고, 원유를 $5^{\circ}C$나 혹은 $10^{\circ}C$에 저장하는 경우에도 저온성 세균은 증식하며 동시에 단백질과 지방이 분해하여 유리지방산과 유리아미노산의 생성량이 증가하였다.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.1828-1833
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• 2016

The purpose of this research was to investigate the bacterial flora of healthy olive flounder larvae (Paralichthys olivaceus) and live feeds (Rotifer spp. and Artemia spp.). The total bacteria counts were $9.2{\times}10^7$ and $1.2{\times}10^{10}cfu/g$ and Vibrio sp.(82.8%) was dominant in rotifers. The total bacteria counts were $3.8{\times}10^6$ and $9.2{\times}10^6cfu/g$ and Vibrio sp.(73.3%) was dominant in artemia. In olive flounder larvae, the total bacteria counts were $1.4{\times}10^6{\sim}8.3{\times}10^7cfu/g$ and V. harveyi (38.5%) was dominant. It might be potential marker of disease outbreak in olive flounder larvae.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.239-245
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• 2001

This research was performed to investigate the dynamics of microbial community by RBC (Rotating Biological Contactor) using Rhodococcus sp. EL-GT and activated sludge. Cell counts revealed by DAPI were compared with culturable bacterial counts from nutrient agar. Colony counts on nutrient agar gave values 20~25% and 1~15% of cell counts (DAPI). The cell counts for the dynamics of bacterial community were determined by combination of in situ hybridization with fluorescently-labelled oligonyucleotide probes and epifluorescence microscopy. Around 90~80% of total cells visualized DAPI were also detected by the bacteria probe EUB 338. For both reactors proteobacteria belonging to the gamma subclass were dominant in the first stage (1 and 2 stage) and proteobacteria belonging to the gamma subclass were dominant in the last stage (3 and 4 stage).

• 한국식품저장유통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식품저장유통학회 2003년도 제23차 추계총회 및 국제학술심포지움
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• pp.188.1-188
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• 2003

To examine the effect of vacuum packaging on the quality of chicken during storage, microbial (total bacterial counts, mold and yeast, E. coli, and Pseudomonas) changes and drip loss were determined. fresh chicken breasts were prepared and packaged using polyethylene film under vacuum and normal atmosphere, respectively. Samples were then stored at 4$^{\circ}C$ for two weeks. At various time intervals during storage, sample was taken homogenized, and diluted with 0.1% sterile peptone water, and followed by microbial counts. Microbial changes of total bacterial counts, mold and yeast, E. coli, and Pseudomonas during storage of chicken were significantly decreased by vacuum packaging. Drip loss was also significantly decreased. These results indicate that vacuum packaging of chicken should be recommended as a suitable storage method in terms of microbial safety as well as quality of chicken.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.278-284
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• 2004

Changes in the soil bacterial community of a coniferous forest were analyzed to assess microbial responses to wildfire. Soil samples were collected from three different depths in lightly and severely burned areas, as well as a nearby unburned control area. Direct bacterial counts ranged from $3.3­22.6\times10^8\;cells/(g{\cdot}soil).$ In surface soil, direct bacterial counts of unburned soil exhibited a great degree of fluctuation. Those in lightly burned soil changed less, but no significant variation was observed in the severely burned soil. The fluctuations of direct bacterial count were less in the middle and deep soil lay­ers. The structure of the bacterial community was analyzed via the fluorescent in situ hybridization method. The number of bacteria detected with the eubacteria-targeted probe out of the direct bacterial count varied from $30.3\;to\;84.7\%,$ and these ratios were generally higher in the burned soils than in the unburned control soils. In the surface unburned soil, the ratios of $\alpha,\;\beta\;and\;gamma-proteobacteria,$ Cytoph­aga-Flavobacterium group, and other eubacteria groups to total eubacteria were 9.9, 10.6, 15.5, 9.0, and $55.0\%,$ respectively, and these ratios were relatively stable. The ratios of $\alpha,\;\beta\;and\;gamma-proteobacteria,$ and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group to total eubacteria increased immediately after the wildfire, and the other eubacterial proportions decreased in the surface and middle layer soils. By way of contrast, the composition of the 5 groups of eubacteria in the subsurface soil exhibited no significant fluctuations dur­ing the entire period. The total bacterial population and bacterial community structure disturbed by wildfire soon began to recover, and original levels seemed to be restored 3 months after the wildfire.