• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.1309-1314
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• 2008

This study was undertaken to elucidate the antioxidant activity of the ethanol (EEPB) and water (WEPB) extracts of Prunus persica branches. The extracts contained a high phenolic content and revealed a potent hydrogen donating activity in DPPH scavenging assay. Compared to $\alpha$-tocopherol, EEPB (p < 0.001) and WEPB (p < 0.05) significantly inhibited $FeCl_2$-ascorbic acid-induced lipid peroxidation, and also exhibited potent antiradical activities against hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. In copper- and AAPH-mediated human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation systems, the extracts demonstrated a strong antioxidant function by metal chelating, rather than direct scavenging, action. Furthermore, EEPB at 5 ${\mu}g/mL$ concentration showed 80.77% inhibition of the electrophoretic mobility of LDL, compared to 77.69% for ascorbic acid and 76.92% for BHT. These results suggest that PB branch extracts may protect against oxidative stress-induced diseases.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.865-872
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• 2002

In the course of the investigations of natural antioxidants, we examined the antioxidant activities of the methanol (MeOH) extracts of some selected Prunus species, including P. buergeriana, P. davidiana, P padus, P. pendula for. ascendens, P. sargentii, P. serrulata var. spontanea and P. yedoensis by three methods as represented by the 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, total ROS (reactive oxygen species) and the peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) scavenging activity tests. We also evaluated the activities of the organic solvent-soluble fractions, including the dichloromethane ($CH_2Cl_2$), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH) fractions and the water ($H_2O$) layer of P. serrulata var. spontanea leaves. By means of bioassay-directed fractionation, we isolated eleven known flavonoids (1-11) from the EtOAc soluble fraction of the MeOH extract of the Prunus serrulata var. spontanea leaves, exhibiting strong antioxidant activity and characterized as prunetin (1), genistein (2), quercetin (3), prunetin $4'-O-{\beta}-glucopyranoside$ (4), kaempferol $3-O-{\alpha}-arabinofuranoside$ (5), prunetin $5-O-{\beta}-glucopyranoside$ (6), kaempferol $3-O-{\beta}-xylopyranoside$ (7), genistin (8), kaempferol $3-O-{\beta}-glucopyranoside$ (9), quercetin $3-O-{\beta}-glucopyranoside$ (10) and kaempferol $3-O-{\beta}-xylopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)-{\beta}-glucopyranoside$ (11). Compounds 3 and 10 showed good activities in all tested model systems. Compounds 2 and 8 showed scavenging activities in the DPPH and $ONOO^-$ tests, while compounds 5, 7, 9 and 11 were active in the $ONOO^-$ and ROS tests. On the other hand, compounds 1, 4 and 6 did not show any activities in the tested model systems.

• Nutritional Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2003

Fruits and vegetables reportedly have a protective effect against hyperlipidemia and oxidative disease. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the lipid-lowering effect and antioxidative capacity of persimmon leaf extract (PLE) in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Male rats were fed a high-cholesterol (1% wt/wt) or high-cholesterol diet supplemented with Lovastatin (0.02% wt/wt) or PLE (0.2% wt/wt) for 5 weeks. The concentration of plasma total cholesterol was significantly lower in the PLE group than in the lovastatin group. However, the concentration of plasma HDL-cholesterol and the ratio of HDL-cholesterol/total-cholesterol (%) were significantly higher in the PLE group than in the control group. The PLE supplement also significantly lowered the contents of hepatic cholesterol and triglyceride. In comparing fecal sterol contents, the PLE group saw a significant increase of both neutral and acidic sterol compared to the other groups. The PLE supplement significantly lowered plasma GOT and GPT activity, which ave indices of hepatic toxicity. Plasma TBARS concentration was significantly lower in the PLE group than in the control group, while hepatic TBARS level was not significantly different between the groups. In a comparison of hepatic antioxidant parameters, SOD, catalase and GSH-Px activity were significantly higher in the PLE group than in the control group. However, the PLE supplement significantly towered antioxidant enzyme activity in the erythrocyte. Furthermore, these results suggest that supplementation of PLE promoted the excretion of fecal sterols, thereby leading to decreased absorption of dietary cholesterol. In addition, PLE may play an important role in regulating antioxidative capacities by altering SOD and ChT activity.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권11호
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• pp.1763-1769
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• 2020

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the effect of L-carnitine on the pig semen characteristics during storage. Methods: Spermatozoa samples were examined for spermatozoa quality and then randomly divided into 5 groups: 0 (control), 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mM L-carnitine. Sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity and antioxidant parameters (total reactive oxygen species, total antioxidant capacity, and malondialdehyde) were evaluated after 0, 3, 5, and 10 day cooled-storage at 17℃. Moreover, ATP content, mitochondria activity as well as sperm-binding and in vitro fertilizing ability of preserved boar sperm were also investigated. Results: Supplementation with 50 mM L-carnitine could effectively maintain boar sperm quality parameters such as sperm motility and membrane integrity. Besides, we found that L-carnitine had positive effects on boar sperm quality mainly through improving antioxidant capacities and enhancing ATP content and mitochondria activity. Interestingly, by assessing the effect of L-carnitine on sperm fertility and developmental potential, we discovered that the extender containing L-carnitine could improve sperm quality and increase the number of sperms bounding to zona pellucida, without improving in vitro fertility and development potential. Conclusion: These findings suggested that the proper addition of L-carnitine to the semen extender improved boar sperm quality during liquid storage at 17℃.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.188-194
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• 2009

In this study, we evaluated the phytochemical compositions of the fruits of the pear cactus, mulberry, and Korean black raspberry to determine how they related to antioxidant capacity. Specifically, the total soluble polyphenol, flavonoid and anthocyanin contents were determined, and the phenolic compounds were evaluated by HPLC. In addition, the antioxidant capacity was evaluated by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), SOD-like activity and nitrate scavenging activity. Korean black raspberry was found to have the highest level of phytochemicals, followed by mulberry and pear cactus (p<0.05). Furthermore, EPR revealed that Korean black raspberry extract (100 ${\mu}g$/mL) removed 78.6% of the superoxide radicals in a xanthin-xanthin oxidase. Additionally, when the removal of hydroxyl radicals was evaluated, the extract of pear cactus showed 50% scavenging activity at 1000 ${\mu}g$/mL. Korean black raspberry extract showed the highest SOD-like activity, which was 44% (p<0.05). Finally, the nitrate scavenging activity of both extracts of mulberry and Korean black raspberry were found to be 93%, while that of the pear cactus was 63% at pH 1.2 (p<0.05).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.3766-3773
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 천연 항산화제로써의 활용을 위해 부산물인 사과 껍질, 포도 껍질과 고구마 껍질의 에탄올 추출물의 총 폴리페놀, 총 플라보노이드, DPPH 라디칼 소거능, ABTS 양이온 소거능, FRAP 환원능과 ORAC 지수를 측정하였다. 결과적으로 총 폴리페놀과 총 플라보노이드의 함량은 사과 껍질 1g에 각각 7.76 ${\mu}M$ quercetin 당량과 1.03 ${\mu}M$ quercetin 당량으로 존재하여 포도 껍질과 고구마 껍질 보다 유의적으로 다량 함유되어 있는 것으로 관찰되었다. 또한 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 사과껍질 1 g이 각각 포도 껍질보다는 3.2배, 고구마 껍질보다는 4.6배로 나타났고, ABTS 양이온 소거능 또한 사과껍질 1g이 각각 포도 껍질보다는 2.8배, 고구마 껍질보다는 5.4배로 강력하게 소거하는 것으로 나타났다. 뿐만 아니라, FRAP 환원능과 ORAC 지수 또한 사과 껍질이 포도 껍질이나 고구마 껍질보다 유의하게 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과로 사과껍질을 이용한 천연 항산화제로의 활용이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 산업식품공학
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.326-331
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• 2017

과일에는 플라보노이드, 탄닌, 카테킨 등의 폴리페놀 뿐만 아니라 여러 항산화능과 관련된 성분을 많이 함유하고 있으며, 과일의 껍질에는 과육부분보다 2-9배 이상 높은 각종 기능성 성분이 많은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 국내에서 사과는 가장 많이 생산되는 과일 중에 하나이며, 사과껍질에는 quercetin의 함량이 높은 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 국내에서 사과껍질의 항산화능을 분석하거나 이를 이용하여 식품에 적용한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 국내산 사과껍질 원물 균질액, 동결건조분말, 열풍건조분말 및 초미세분말의 총페놀함량(TPC), 총플라보노이드함량(TFC), ABTS radical 소거능(ABTS), DPPH radical 소거능(DPPH)을 비교하고, 이를 통해 사과껍질을 식품 소재로 활용 시 최적 분말화 및 추출조건을 알아보고자 했다. TPC는 동결건조분말, 열풍건조분말의 추출물에서 가장 높게 나타났고, TFC는 초미세분말 추출물에서 가장 높게 나타났다. ABTS 라디컬 소거능은 초미세분말에서, DPPH 라디컬 소거능은 동결건조분말에서 가장 높게 측정되었다. 이상의 결과를 통해, 동일 품종의 사과껍질을 사용한 경우 원물의 가공방법 및 추출조건에 따라 각 기능성의 차이가 나타났다. 이중, 초미세분말에서 TFC와 ABTS 라디컬 소거능이 가장 높은 결과를 나타낸 것을 볼 때, 분말화 방법 등 가공조건의 차이에 의해 개발된 중간소재의 여러 기능성에서 차이가 날 수 있다는 결과를 얻었다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 기능성이 향상된 분말화된 식품중간소재 개발 시 여러 가공조건에 의해 영향을 받을 수 있으므로, 이를 고려하는 것이 중요하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 공업화학
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.604-612
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• 2018

황련은 여러 가지 질병 치료에 사용되는 효과적인 전통약용식물이다. 하지만 황련 추출물의 생리활성성분 함량에 영향을 미치는 주요 인자 및 생리활성성분과 항산화 효능의 상관관계는 아직 알려지지 않았다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 용매, 온도 및 추출 시간이 황련 추출물의 생리 활성성분의 함량과 항산화 활성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 클라스터를 이용하여 분석한 결과, $35^{\circ}C$에서 추출시간 30 min인 에탄올(50% 에탄올 : 50% 물) 조건으로 추출 시, 생리활성성분 함량 및 항산화 활성이 제일 높으므로 공장에서 사용하기에 가장 적합한 추출조건임을 확인하였다. 다중선형회귀분석 결과, 총 페놀화합물 함량은 DPPH소거 활성에 기여하였으며 총 알칼로이드 함량과 총 플라보노이드 함량은 FRAP활성에 기여하였다. 이상의 결과들로부터 황련의 추출 조건이 생리 활성 화합물의 수율 및 항산화 활성을 조절가능하며, 이는 공업적인 응용에 중요한 정보를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2014

In the current study, wheat flour was mixed with high quality cassava flour (HQCF) in several ratios: 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40, and used to prepare 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40% National Root Crops Research Institute (NRCRI) cassava bread, respectively. 100% wheat bread was prepared as a control (100% wheat bread). Five bread samples were prepared per group. Antioxidant assays [i.e., 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging assay, reducing power assay] revealed that the bread samples had considerable antioxidant capacities. Substitution of wheat flour with HQCF at various concentrations resulted in dose dependent decreases in the mineral and protein contents of the resulting bread samples. The crude fiber content of the bread samples was minimal, while the carbohydrate content of the bread samples ranged from 43.86% to 48.64%. A 20% substitution of wheat flour with HQCF yielded bread samples with a general acceptability that was comparable to that of 100% wheat bread. The mean bacteria counts of the bread samples ranged from $2.0{\times}10^3CFU/mL$ to $1.4{\times}10^4CFU/mL$, while the fungal counts ranged from 0 CFU/mL to $3{\times}10^3CFU/mL$. There was a positive correlation between the DPPH antioxidant activities and the reducing powers of the bread samples ($R^2=0.871$) and a positive correlation between the DPPH antioxidant activities and the flavonoid contents of the bread samples ($R^2=0.487$). The higher microbial load of the NRCRI cassava bread samples indicates that these bread samples may have a shorter shelf life than the 100% wheat bread. The significant positive correlation between total flavonoid content and reducing power ($R^2=0.750$) suggests that the flavonoids present in the lipophilic fractions of the bread samples could be responsible for the reductive capacities of the bread samples.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2022

본 연구에서는 몽골 야생 베리 추출물의 총 페놀성 화합물, 플라보노이드, 그리고 안토시아닌 함량과 항산화 효과를 측정하였다. 전구 염증매개 사이토카인의 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향을 살펴본 결과, LBE와 BBE의 전처리가 LPS 자극에 의해 증가된 TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, 및 COX-2의 mRNA 발현의 농도를 유의적으로 감소시키며 항염증 효능을 보여주었다. 또한 LBE와 BBE는 NOX2의 발현 억제를 통하여 활성산소의 생성을 저해시킴으로 세포내 염증성 산화적 스트레스를 감소시킴을 확인하였다. 몽골야생 블루베리에서는 6종의 안토시아닌이 검출되었으며, 야생 링곤베리에서는 1종의 안토시아닌이 검출되었다. 본 연구결과를 토대로 몽골의 야생 베리가 강력한 항산화 및 항염증을 통한 육식위주의 식단을 소비하는 몽골인들의 산화적 스트레스 및 만성 염증성 질환을 줄여주는 식품으로의 가능성을 확인하였다.