• 제목/요약/키워드: three target groups

검색결과 232건 처리시간 0.029초

소규모가구의 거주지 설정요인에 관한 연구 - 서울시의 사례를 중심으로 - (The Factors of Choice of Residences of Small Household - Focused on Case of Seoul -)

  • 김진수;김진모
    • KIEAE Journal
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    • 제14권4호
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    • pp.97-102
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    • 2014
  • This study has an intention of investigating residential present condition of small households, and analysing the factors which have an influence on the choice of residence as a first step of the efficient plan of group residential facility providing a variety of residential present condition. The study defines the meaning of small households on the basis of statistical data that were presented at the National Statistical Office in order to analyse the factors influencing the choice of residence and investigate residential present condition. And the analysis range target is from 20 to 30 aged groups such as university students, social rookie year, and married couples without children. According to the result of analysing residential actual conditions of small households, The choice of residence has various factors. But the study supposes that it reflects three elements of workplace, University and housing price in the choice of residence. So the study investigated the related data.

Heritage Language and Culture Maintenance in the U.S.

  • Lee, Eun-Hee
    • 영어어문교육
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.147-163
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    • 2011
  • In recent years, the relationship of language maintenance to culture and identity has received increased attention in the language acquisition and education fields. Korean immigrants in the U.S. form one of the biggest Asian groups and their language and cultural maintenance has been a major issue for both parents and ESL teachers. The present research is designed to investigate the cultural and social identities as well as the psychological investment factors that contribute to heritage language maintenance. Three Korean immigrant families in a small Midwest university town in the U.S. were surveyed and later interviewed. Issues and strategies concerning their children's Korean education in the U.S., coupled with the competing goal for the children to learn English were documented through parent interviews and interviews with school-aged focal children. Strategies and stances that facilitate or hinder both heritage and target language maintenance goals are presented along with participants' major reasons for heritage language maintenance in their homes and via Saturday schools. This work will assist ESL teachers and sociolinguists in situating both Korean student and parent goals in the context of shifting cultural and linguistic identities in countries where they have immigrated.

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Sentence Translation and Vocabulary Retention in an EFL Reading Class

  • Kim, Boram
    • 영어어문교육
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.67-84
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    • 2012
  • The present study investigated the effect of sentence translation as a production task on short-term and long-term retention of foreign vocabulary. 87 EFL university students at a beginning level, enrolled in reading class participated in the study. The study compared the performance of three groups on vocabulary recall: (1) Control group, (2) Translation group, and (3) Copy group. During the treatment sessions, translation group translated L1 sentences into English, while copy group simply copied given English sentences with each target word. Results of the immediate test were collected each week from week 2 to week 5 and analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results revealed that regarding short-term vocabulary retention, participants in rote-copy condition outperformed those in translation group. Four weeks later a delayed test was administered to measure long-term vocabulary retention. In contrast, the results of two-way repeated measures ANOVA showed that long-term vocabulary retention of translation group was significantly greater than copy group. The findings suggest that although sentence translation is rather challenging to low-level learners, it may facilitate long-term retention of new vocabulary given the more elaborate and deeper processing the task entails.

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DNA 교잡에 의한 토양 미생물 군집의 다양성과 유사성 (The Diversity and Similarity of Soil Microbial Communities by DNA Cross Hybrization)

  • 김유영;송인근;민병례;조홍범;최영길
    • 환경생물
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    • 제17권3호
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    • pp.279-284
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    • 1999
  • 토양으로부터 직접 추출한 DNA를 cross hybridization하는 방법을 통해서 서로 다른 토양 환경 간에 미생물 군집의 유전형적 유사성과 상대적 다양성을 비교하였다. 그 결과 소나무삼림토양이 다른 토양에 비해 상대적 다양성이 높은 것으로 밝혀졌으며, 경작지, 나지, 초지, 신갈삼림 순으로 다양성 정도를 나타내었다. 또한 유전형적 유사성의 정도에 따른 집괴 분석 결과 소나무삼림과 경작지 토양, 신갈나무삼림과 초지 토양 그리고 나지 등 세 부류로 구분되었다.

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보호처분을 받은 비행청소년을 위한 집단치료 프로그램 모형 개발 (Development of a Group Therapy Program for Social Readjustment of Delinquents Under Probation)

  • 정문자;송성자
    • 대한가정학회지
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    • 제39권12호
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    • pp.239-251
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    • 2001
  • This study aimed at developing a Social Readjustment Group Therapy Program for delinquents under probation. This program intended to enhance the participants'self-esteem, impose control, daily life habits and relationship with parent. Thirty one male delinquents were chosen from a Probation Center in Seoul, and were divided into one of the four small groups. Group Therapy based on Solution-Focused Brief Therapy Model was given for three hours for ten sessions by four group leaders and four assistants. Results showed meaningful improvement over all of the above target behaviors, especially self-esteem.

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An OT Analysis of Chinese Transliterations of English Place Names

  • Liang, Ce
    • International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.137-143
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    • 2019
  • This paper focuses on the analysis of the Chinese transliterations of English place names in the Optimality Theory (OT) [1]. Three groups of monosyllabic, disyllabic and multisyllabic English place names are analyzed to represent the hierarchical ranking of both Markedness and Faithfulness constraints in terms of sound epenthesis, which is one of the most important repair strategies named the Preservation Principle [2] devised to "preserve" every source segment (or sound) of the target place names. By doing so, this paper tries to answer the question of why sound epenthesis takes place in transliterating words between languages. With the help of the established ranking of the relevant constraints, this paper explains the process of sound epenthesis formally.

Collecting the Information Needs of Skilled and Be-ginner Drivers Based on a User Mental Model for a Cus-tomized AR-HUD Interface

  • Zhang, Han;Lee, Seung Hee
    • 감성과학
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    • 제24권4호
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    • pp.53-68
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    • 2021
  • The continuous development of in-vehicle information systems in recent years has dramatically enriched drivers' driving experience while occupying their cognitive resources to varying degrees, causing driving distraction. Under this complex information system, managing the complexity and priority of information and further improvement in driving safety has become a key issue that needs to be urgently solved by the in-vehicle information system. The new interactive methods incorporating the augmented reality (AR) and head-up display (HUD) technologies into in-vehicle information systems are currently receiving widespread attention. This superimposes various onboard information into an actual driving scene, thereby meeting the needs of complex tasks and improving driving safety. Based on the qualitative research methods of surveys and telephone interviews, this study collects the information needs of the target user groups (i.e., beginners and skilled drivers) and constructs a three-mode information database to provide the basis for a customized AR-HUD interface design.

Resin bonding of metal brackets to glazed zirconia with a porcelain primer

  • Lee, Jung-Hwan;Lee, Milim;Kim, Kyoung-Nam;Hwang, Chung-Ju
    • 대한치과교정학회지
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    • 제45권6호
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    • pp.299-307
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    • 2015
  • Objective: The aims of this study were to compare the shear bond strength between orthodontic metal brackets and glazed zirconia using different types of primer before applying resin cement and to determine which primer was more effective. Methods: Zirconia blocks were milled and embedded in acrylic resin and randomly assigned to one of four groups: nonglazed zirconia with sandblasting and zirconia primer (NZ); glazed zirconia with sandblasting, etching, and zirconia primer (GZ); glazed zirconia with sandblasting, etching, and porcelain primer (GP); and glazed zirconia with sandblasting, etching, zirconia primer, and porcelain primer (GZP). A stainless steel metal bracket was bonded to each target surface with resin cement, and all specimens underwent thermal cycling. The shear bond strength of the specimens was measured by a universal testing machine. A scanning electron microscope, three-dimensional optical surface-profiler, and stereoscopic microscope were used to image the zirconia surfaces. The data were analyzed with one-way analyses of variance and the Fisher exact test. Results: Group GZ showed significantly lower shear bond strength than did the other groups. No statistically significant differences were found among groups NZ, GP, and GZP. All specimens in group GZ showed adhesive failure between the zirconia and resin cement. In groups NZ and GP, bonding failed at the interface between the resin cement and bracket base or showed complex adhesive and cohesive failure. Conclusions: Porcelain primer is the more appropriate choice for bonding a metal bracket to the surface of a full-contour glazed zirconia crown with resin cement.

대학생의 채소 섭취 행동변화단계에 따른 채소 섭취 관련 인식, 자아효능감 및 식행동 (Beliefs Regarding Vegetable Consumption, Self-Efficacy and Eating Behaviors according to the Stages of Change in Vegetable Consumption among College Students)

  • 안윤;김경원
    • 대한지역사회영양학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to examine beliefs, self-efficacy and eating behaviors by the stages of change in vegetable consumption among college students (n = 297). A survey was conducted to examine study variables, and subjects were categorized into three groups based on the stages of change: precontemplation/contemplation stage (PC/C), preparation stage (P), action/maintenance stage (A/M). Subjects had 3.7 servings of vegetables a day, and vegetable consumption was significantly different by stages of change (p < 0.001). The A/M group showed higher score on beliefs regarding vegetable consumption (p < 0.001) than the other groups, and perceived benefits of vegetable consumption (e.g. cancer prevention) more strongly (p < 0.05). The PC/C group felt more barriers than the A/M group, such as disliking cooking methods, texture of vegetables (p < 0.001), bad taste and bad experience of eating vegetables (p < 0.05). Self-efficacy score was 27.2, with decreasing self-efficacy from A/M to P, PC/C (p < 0.001). The A/M group showed more confidence in nine behaviors such as "eating vegetables during meals" and "replacing menu at home with more vegetable dishes" (p < 0.001) than the other groups. The A/M group had more desirable eating behaviors (e.g, having a variety of foods, eating regularly, consumption of food groups). This study suggests that target population for education and educational strategies be different based on the stages of change. For those in the PC/C stage, education might focus on reducing barriers and increasing self-efficacy. For those in the A/M stage, it is necessary to use strategies to maintain and reinforce behaviors for enough vegetable consumption.

Paternal Behaviors and Adolescents' Academic Motivation at Low, Moderate, and High Levels of Students' Achievement in Mainland China

  • Cho, Won Jee;Bush, Kevin R.;Xia, Yan;Wilson, Stephan M.;Li, Wenzhen;Peterson, Gary W.
    • Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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    • 제4권2호
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    • pp.95-108
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study was to examine group differences in paternal behaviors (i.e., paternal connection, paternal punitiveness, and paternal knowledge) within and across three academic achievement levels-low, moderate, and high, and to explore the effects of paternal behaviors on the academic motivation of Chinese adolescents within these three achievement groups. Analyses of variance (ANOVAs) indicated that adolescents with low achievement perceived their fathers as more punitive than teens with moderate and high academic achievement. Regression analyses also revealed that paternal punitiveness (negative) and paternal knowledge (positive) were significant predictors of academic motivation for teens with low levels of academic achievement; while paternal punitiveness was a significant negative predictor of academic motivation among adolescents with moderate achievement. In contrast, for adolescents with high achievement, paternal connection was a positive significant predictor of academic motivation. The present findings provide some evidence that the impact of parental behaviors on teen's motivation varies across adolescent academic achievement levels, which may prove useful for professionals working with fathers to help target the most effective parenting behaviors to foster academic motivation.