• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.65-80
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• 2021

Objective : This study aimed to develop a Korean version of the HLS-EU-Q47 that deals with the concept of health literacy based on the understanding, apply/use, process/appraisal, and access/obtain to health information. The purpose of this study is to confirm the level of comprehensive health literacy of the elderly in Korea using this tool. Methods : After going through the Korean interpretation process of HLS-EU-Q47, the items were confirmed through content validity verification by experts. The completed Korean-HLS-EU-Q47 (K-HLS-EU-Q47) was applied to 254 elderly people in the local community to analyze the degree of internal consistency and reliability. Furthermore, a comparative analysis based on the general variables was conducted. Results : The internal consistency of this tool for the elderly yielded Cronbach's 𝛼 of .81~.91, indicating a high level of reliability. There was a difference in health literacy according to sex and age based on general characteristics. Men had higher health literacy than women, and with increasing age, health literacy decreased. Conclusion : In this study, the K-HLS-EU-Q47 was developed to assess the comprehensive health literacy level of the elderly in Korea. It is expected that the search for ways to maintain a healthier life for the elderly through understanding the health literacy levels of the elderly using the results of this study will become more active.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.552-559
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• 2022

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease accompanied by severe itching, mainly before five. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of 405 nm+850 nm LED light therapy on AD-like symptoms in NC/Nga mice. The mice were randomly placed in the normal (Vehicle), atopic dermatitis-induced (CON), and 405 nm + 850 nm LED light therapy (LED) groups. The LED experimental group conducted 405 nm+850 nm wavelength LED ray therapy for 10 minutes a day for seven days. LED light therapy research confirmed the improvement and improvement of Dermatics score and observed the reduction of epidermal tissue thickness caused by dermatitis. Based on the significant decrease of serum IL-1𝛽 and transdermal moisture loss and serum IgE concentration due to LED light therapy, LED light therapy can help restore normal skin conditions in mice that cause atopic dermatitis. This study showed the anti-atopic effect of infrared light and blue light. Light in mice with atopic dermatitis led to the simultaneous use of circular LEDs with two wavelengths.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.181-198
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• 2020

This study examined how the rejection sensitivity model might be applied to the link between rejection sensitivity and dating relationship satisfaction by means of investigating the mediating effect of cognitive emotion regulation strategy and conflict resolution strategy. A total of 668 college students in Seoul (232 males, 436 females, mean age of 21.59 years [SD=2.08]) participated in this study. The results illustrated that the adaptive emotion regulation strategy, among cognitive emotion regulation strategies, and the integration and compromise strategies, among conflict resolution strategies, had the double mediation effect on the association between rejection sensitivity and dating relationship satisfaction. In other words, a direct negative correlation between rejection sensitivity and dating relationship satisfation resulted in high rejection sensitivity, which was expected to generate low satisfaction in dating relationships. However, it was confirmed that the use of these two strategies-the cognitive emotion regulation and the conflict resolution strategy-could bring positive effects in terms of the dating relationship satisfaction; the former helped couples to see situations more broadly and increase positive perceptions, while the latter solve their problems each other. Based on these findings, we discuss their implications for counseling practice and therapeutic interventions

• Medical Lasers
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.172-178
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• 2020

Background and Objectives This study aimed at examining the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and low- and high-density lipoprotein (LDL and HDL, respectively) levels in vitro. Materials and Methods A total of 38 serum samples collected in plain (n=10) and heparinized tubes (n=28) were subjected to PBMT at 60 Joules (J)/cm² for 2 min at 810 nm. The glucose and lipid profiles, cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL of each sample was measured before and after PBMT. Results A statistically significant increase in glucose levels was observed in the PBMT-sera in 8 out of 10 samples in plain tubes. However, only two samples that were prepared in heparinized tubes showed an increase in glucose levels. The remaining heparinized samples that were exposed to PBMT presented lower glucose values. The treated sera exhibited a fluctuation in the lipid profiles after PBMT. However, high cholesterol levels were evident following PBMT. Similar trends with HDL and LDL in heparinized tubes were evident. Conclusion Together, the findings suggest that photobiomodulation exhibits an effect on glycemic and lipid profiles in vitro. Hence, the use of low-level laser therapy could have therapeutic potential. However, the differences between individual responses appear to indicate that the impact of PBMT may not always be beneficial.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.66-72
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• 2022

Clozapine is accepted as the "gold standard" antipsychotics for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Clozapine rarely causes extrapyramidal syndrome and tardive dyskinesia, which are common with other antipsychotics, and only a transient elevation of hyperprolactinemia has been reported. Despite such clinical usefulness, there are limitations to the use of clozapine due to adverse drug reactions (ADR). Fever is a common in adverse drug reactions associated with clozapine. At initiation of clozapine most fatal ADR such as agranulocytosis and neuroleptic malignant syndrome associated with fever, in which case clozapine should be discontinued immediately. However, as benign causes of fever are much more frequent than life-threatening ADR, clozapine should not be discontinued unconditionally in the event of fever during clozapine initiation. In addition, fever may occur at any time during the maintenance of clozapine treatment. In particular, since the risk of pneumonia does not decrease over time, and clozapine has a higher risk of pneumonia than other antipsychotic drugs, it is recommended to adjust clozapine dosage through therapeutic drug monitoring.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.55-68
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• 2022

Objective : This review aimed to provide information for clinical application by confirming the principles and characteristics of the tool through a review of tongue movement and measurement tools for patients with swallowing disorders. Results : We identified 15 tools used as tongue exercises and measurement tools in the field of dysphagia. According to principle, the tools were classified as either a bulb sensor, resistive sensor sheet, mouthpiece with sensor, or other techniques. The bulb sensor was easy to use but had limitations in fixing the position when measuring tongue pressure. The resistive sensor sheet could be measured at a more stable position than the bulb sensor. A mouthpiece with a sensor could be used in an individual's oral cavity such that the position was fixed when measuring the tongue pressure. Other techniques had the advantage of being wireless and capable of sensing light. Conclusion : Based on this literature review, it is necessary to facilitate the selection of the best tool for quantitative tongue measurement in dysphagia. The review can also be used to develop a Korean tongue movement tool model that can be used in hospitals and community centers.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.37-50
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• 2022

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the use of electromyography (EMG) to evaluate upper limb movement or function in stroke patients. Methods : We reviewed papers published in journals between January 2018 and December 2021 using PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, RISS, and KISS. The main keywords of databases were ('stroke' OR 'hemiplegia') AND ('EMG' OR 'electromyography' OR 'electromyogram' OR 'muscle activity') AND ('Upper limb' OR 'Hand'). Results : Fifteen studies were selected, most of which evaluated muscle activity. Interventions performing tasks related to activities of daily living (ADLs), using assistive technology, and interventions that provide repetitive training were most frequently applied. Conclusions : When evaluating upper limb functions using electromyography, it is meaningful to present an evaluation that can be used according to the purpose of the study and to provide a basis for setting up interventions that can utilize electromyography during evaluation.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.482-490
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• 2022

Sarcopenia, a geriatric and multifactorial syndrome characterized by progressive systemic skeletal muscle disorder, may be associated with many comorbidities. Sarcopenia caused by a decrease in muscle mass and muscle strength is accompanied by the aggravation of various pathological conditions, and as life expectancy increases, its prevalence will continue to increase in the future. During the aging process, chronic oxidative stress and increased inflammatory responses act as major contributors to skeletal muscle loss. In addition, disruption of autophagy and apoptosis signals associated with dysfunction of mitochondria, which are essential for energy metabolism, accelerates the loss of muscle proteins. The pharmacological effect of cordycepin, a major physiologically active substance in the genus Cordyceps, which has been widely used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases for a long time, is directly related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. In this review, we present the correlation between apoptosis, autophagy, protein catabolism, and satellite cell activity important for muscle regeneration using cordycepin for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Although there have been few studies so far on the use of cordycepin for sarcopenia, previous studies suggest that cordycepin may contribute to inhibiting the age-related weakening of mitochondrial function and blocking the breakdown of muscle proteins. In addition, the protective effect of cordycepin on muscle cell damage is considered to be closely related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, it is considered that more continuous basic research is needed, focusing on the molecular biological mechanism of cordycepin, which is involved in the anti-aging of muscle cells.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2022

Objectives : Although the pharmacological effects of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant action of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidzumi water extract (AM) have been proven from many studies, reports on the antioxidant effect of AM on ulcerative colitis (UC) are scarce. Therefore, we aimed at evaluating the anti-oxidant effect of AM on the DSS-induced UC model. Methods : To induce ulcerative colitis, 8-week-old male Balb/c mice received 5% DSS in drinking water for 1 week. After 1 week of adaptation, mice were divided into four groups (n=8 each) for use as normal (Normal), DSS Control (Control), DSS + AM 100 mg/kg (AM100)-treatment, DSS + AM 200 mg/kg (AM200)-treatment. After 1 week of the experiment, the animals were sacrificed, and the extracted colon tissue was analyzed for protein through western blot. Results : As a result of confirming the macroscopic changes in colon tissues to confirm the therapeutic effects of AM, the decrease in colon length was suppressed in the AM treatment group compared to the control group. In addition, as a result of biochemical analysis, AM administration significantly reduced serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvate transaminase levels and tissue malondialdehyde levels. As a result of confirming the protein expression level through western blot, AM administration significantly decreased the expression of NADPH-related proteins such as NOX2, p22^phox, and iNOS, but significantly increased the expression of SOD, catalase, and GPx-1/2. Conclusions : AM may improve DSS-induced UC in mice by modulating NADPH and antioxidant-related proteins. In conclusion, AM showed an antioxidant effect through the improvement of oxidative stress on UC.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.323-338
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• 2022

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic oral disorder of unknown etiology which presents therapeutic challenges. Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) has been studied as a potential treatment for BMS. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of ALA compared to that of placebo or other interventions in individuals with BMS. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) using ALA to treat BMS were identified from MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to February 3, 2021. The assessment of the risk of bias in the included studies was based on the Cochrane guidelines. The primary outcome evaluated was the visual analog scale (VAS) pain intensity. ALA was compared with placebo, clonazepam, gabapentin, pregabalin, ALA plus gabapentin, capsaicin, Biotène^®, and laser therapy. Altogether, 137 records were scanned for inclusion/exclusion, and nine RCTs (two unclear and seven at high risk of bias) were included in the qualitative and quantitative analyses, with a total of 594 patients with BMS included in this review. All studies reported an improvement in VAS pain scores ranging from -0.72 to -2.77. Meta-analysis results showed a non-significant reduction in pain intensity for ALA (P = 0.616) compared to that of placebo on a VAS of 0-10. Patients taking ALA were 1.923 times more likely to show an improvement in self-reported BMS symptoms (P = 0.031) than those in the placebo group. Clonazepam and pregabalin showed a significant VAS pain reduction of 4.08 and 4.68 (P < 0.001), respectively, compared to that with ALA. Although ALA intervention provided a non-significant improvement in the pain score and was more likely to produce a reduction in BMS symptoms, the evidence was of low quality. Further research is needed to establish clear guidelines for the use of ALA for BMS treatment.