• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• 제80권2호
• /
• pp.113-135
• /
• 2017

Asthma is traditionally regarded as a chronic airway disease, and recent literature proves its heterogeneity, based on distinctive clusters or phenotypes of asthma. In defining such asthma clusters, the nature of comorbidity among patients with asthma is poorly understood, by assuming no causal relationship between asthma and other comorbid conditions, including both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. However, emerging evidence suggests that the status of asthma significantly affects the increased susceptibility of the patient to both communicable and noncommunicable diseases. Specifically, the impact of asthma on susceptibility to noncommunicable diseases such as chronic systemic inflammatory diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), may provide an important insight into asthma as a disease with systemic inflammatory features, a conceptual understanding between asthma and asthma-related comorbidity, and the potential implications on the therapeutic and preventive interventions for patients with asthma. This review discusses the currently under-recognized clinical and immunological phenotypes of asthma; specifically, a higher risk of developing a systemic inflammatory disease such as rheumatoid arthritis and their implications, on the conceptual understanding and management of asthma. Our discussion is divided into three parts: literature summary on the relationship between asthma and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis; potential mechanisms underlying the association; and implications on asthma management and research.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.75-82
• /
• 1982

Normal range of mercury contents in blood and its relationship with urinary mercury excretion were studies with 68 healthy male adults living in Seoul city, who had no obvious evidence of .either occupational exposure to mercury or therapeutic use of mercurial agents. Mercury analysis was made by means of dithizone colorimetric method with coefficient of variation of 10.9% in .an average ranging from 5.1% to 18.0%. 1. Mercury contents in normal human blood were both normally and log-normally distributed, and better fitted to the latter. 2. Geometric mean and standard deviation of the mercury contents were $24.0(log^{-1}1.38){\pm}1.66{\mu}g/100ml(log^{-1}0.22{\mu}g/100ml)$ ranging from 7.2 to 79.7 ${\mu}g/100ml$ with 95% confidence interval. 3. Mercury contents in normal human blood differed from person to person (p<0.01), and the variability of the measurements was negligible (p>0.05). 4. Mercury in the blood was contained much higher in erythrocytes than in plasma (p<0.01), showing the geometric means of $21.0{\pm}1.25{\mu}g/100ml$ in red blood cells and $14.3{\pm}1.62{\mu}g/100ml$ in plasma, respectively. 5. Mercury contents in normal human blood had a relationship of power function with mercury excretion in urine corrected with a gram of creatinine excretion per liter of urine (p<0.10).

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제40권9호
• /
• pp.607-612
• /
• 2017

When mammalian cells and animals face a variety of internal or external stresses, they need to make homeostatic changes so as to cope with various stresses. To this end, mammalian cells are equipped with two critical stress responses, autophagy and cellular senescence. Autophagy and cellular senescence share a number of stimuli including telomere shortening, DNA damage, oncogenic stress and oxidative stress, suggesting their intimate relationship. Autophagy is originally thought to suppress cellular senescence by removing damaged macromolecules or organelles, yet recent studies also indicated that autophagy promotes cellular senescence by facilitating the synthesis of senescence-associated secretory proteins. These seemingly opposite roles of autophagy may reflect a complex picture of autophagic regulation on cellular senescence, including different types of autophagy or a unique spatiotemporal activation of autophagy. Thus, a better understanding of autophagy process will lead us to not only elucidate the conundrum how autophagy plays dual roles in the regulation of cellular senescence but also helps the development of new therapeutic strategies for many human diseases associated with cellular senescence. We address the pro-senescence and anti-senescence roles of autophagy while focusing on the potential mechanistic aspects of this complex relationship between autophagy and cellular senescence.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제2권1호
• /
• pp.56-62
• /
• 1991

시험불안증을 호소하는 환자 4명의 치료경험을 보고했다. 첫 번째 환자는 가벼운 주의력결핍 증상을 보였는데 이로인해 중학교 2학년때부터 시험불안이 생겼고 학교성적이 떨어졌다. 두 번째 및 세 번째 환자는 남매졌는데 시험불안증은 부모-자녀관계에서부터 온 것으로 판단되었다. 어머니는 아들에게 너무 많은 것을 기대했고 공부를 강요 했으며 가만히 내버려 두지 않았다. 어머니는 사실상 자신의 생활을 포기한채 아들의 공부 감독에 전부를 바쳤으며 딸은 심한 애정결핍을 경험했다. 네 번째 환자는 경계선인격장애를 보였으며 자신을 지나치게 통제하는 부모에 대한 심한 분노와 적개심을 갖고 있었다. 이들 각 환자가 보이는 문제에 따른 각각 다른 치료적 접근을 소개, 논의 했으며 심험불안증과 다양한 정신병리와의 관계가 검토되었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.101-108
• /
• 2018

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest superfamily of transmembrane receptors and have vital signaling functions in various organs. Because of their critical roles in physiology and pathology, GPCRs are the most commonly used therapeutic target. It has been suggested that GPCRs undergo massive genetic variations such as genetic polymorphisms and DNA insertions or deletions. Among these genetic variations, non-synonymous natural variations change the amino acid sequence and could thus alter GPCR functions such as expression, localization, signaling, and ligand binding, which may be involved in disease development and altered responses to GPCR-targeting drugs. Despite the clinical importance of GPCRs, studies on the genotype-phenotype relationship of GPCR natural variants have been limited to a few GPCRs such as b-adrenergic receptors and opioid receptors. Comprehensive understanding of non-synonymous natural variations within GPCRs would help to predict the unknown genotype-phenotype relationship and yet-to-be-discovered natural variants. Here, we analyzed the non-synonymous natural variants of all non-olfactory GPCRs available from a public database, UniProt. The results suggest that non-synonymous natural variations occur extensively within the GPCR superfamily especially in the N-terminus and transmembrane domains. Within the transmembrane domains, natural variations observed more frequently in the conserved residues, which leads to disruption of the receptor function. Our analysis also suggests that only few non-synonymous natural variations have been studied in efforts to link the variations with functional consequences.

• 재활치료과학
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.71-79
• /
• 2012

목적 : 외상성 뇌손상 환자를 대상으로 대인관계 능력과 일상생활활동 수행능력의 상관관계를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법 : 대구에 소재한 K병원의 외상성 뇌손상 환자 20명을 대상으로 2012년 3월부터 2012년 4월까지 대인관계 능력과 일상생활활동 수행능력을 평가하였다. 연구도구로 대인관계 능력을 위해 대인관계 변화척도(Relationship Change Scale; RCS), 일상생활활동 수행능력을 위해 기능적 독립척도(Functional Independence Measure; FIM)를 사용하여 평가하였다. 결과 : 첫째, RCS는 결혼여부와 유병기간에서 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 둘째, RCS는 FIM 총점과 FIM 인지영역과는 유의한 상관관계를 보였지만, FIM 운동영역과는 유의한 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 결론 : 본 연구의 결과, TBI 환자의 대인관계 능력은 결혼 상태와 유병 기간이 영향을 미치고, 대인관계 능력이 일상생활활동 수행능력에 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있다. 사회인지 기능의 장애는 손상 후 재활을 어렵게 하는 요소로 이 기능의 손상은 일상생활에서 인간관계에 부정적인 영향을 주는 요인으로 TBI 손상 후 대인관계 능력에 대한 정확한 평가와 더불어 치료가 발병초기부터 재활치료에 병행된다면 보다 많은 환자의 사회인지 및 일상생활활동 수행능력의 향상을 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
• /
• 제20권7호
• /
• pp.255-264
• /
• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 어린 시절 정서적 학대 경험이 성인기 정서조절곤란에 영향을 미치는 과정에서 성인기 정서적 지지와 촉진적 관계가 조절 효과를 보이는지 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 정서적 학대의 영향을 감소시킬 수 있는 임상적 개입방안을 모색할 수 있을 것이다. 이를 위해 전국의 성인남녀 336명을 대상으로 정서적 학대, 정서조절곤란, 정서적 지지, 촉진적 관계척도를 온라인 방식으로 실시했다. 조절 효과를 검증하기 위해 정서적 학대, 정서적 지지, 이들 간의 상호작용항을 투입하여 위계적 회귀분석을 실시했으며, 정서적 학대와 촉진적 관계에 대해서도 같은 방식으로 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 아버지와 어머니의 정서적 학대는 정서조절곤란에 유의미한 영향을 미쳤으며, 아버지의 정서적 학대와 정서조절곤란의 관계에서 정서적 지지 및 촉진적 관계의 조절 효과는 유의미했고, 어머니의 정서적 학대에 대한 조절효과는 유의미하지 않았다. 이러한 결과를 통해 어린 시절 아버지로부터의 정서적 학대경험은 성인기 정서적 지지나 촉진적 관계를 통해 부정적 영향을 완화시킬 수 있으나 어머니의 정서적 학대경험을 그렇지 못함을 알 수 있다. 이에 대해 아버지와 어머니의 정서적 학대 영향력의 차이, 성인기 관계 경험의 중요성, 그리고 이러한 결과들의 임상적 함의에 대해 논의하였다.

• Toxicological Research
• /
• 제16권2호
• /
• pp.151-161
• /
• 2000

The Three months subacute toxicity of water soluble dimethyl dimethoxy biphenylate derivative (DDB-S), newly formulated therapeutic agent for hepatitis, was invesgated in SD rats. The body weight and clinical signs were observed after intravenous injection of DDBs at doses of 57, 75 and 100 mg/kg/day for three months. Decrease in motor activity and tremor were observed above 75mg/kg treated groups. Statistically significant changes at serum biochemical analysis were found in some group, how-ever, those changes were within the normal range and had no relationship with dosage. There was no abnormal morphological and pathological findings in relation to DDB-S treatment. The no observable adverse effect level of DDB-S in rats was estimated to be 57 mg/kg/day in this study.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.405-416
• /
• 2009

Almost 18,000 children were protected in 285 residential facilities all over the country in 2008 in Korea. The recent trends of the residential care include downsizing, and emphasizing independent living programs for aging out youths. Since the 1990s when the active research on the children in residential facilities has begun, the study focus has extended to the issues of developmental status and outcomes of the children, and recently, to the independency of the youths discharged from the facilities. The practical and policy issues are development of therapeutic programs for the children in care, increase of counseling staff, extension of programs for restoring children's relationship with their families, and planning of various policies to support the independence of discharged youths.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.35-48
• /
• 2005

This study was to examine the relationship between maternal interactive behaviors and stuttering behaviors in preschool children who stutter. Participants were twenty-four children who stutter and their mothers. For the purpose of the current study, 5$\sim$10 minutes of 50 minutes videotaped scenes originally collected to develop fluency assessment instrument were re-videotaped. They included mother-child interactions during playing with toys and reading book situations. Mothers-children interactive behaviors were assessed with Maternal Behavior Rating Sroles(MBRS) and Child Behavior Rating Scales (CBRS). And children's stuttering were assessed with Paradise-Fluency Assessment(P-FA). The results were as follows: 1) the maternal interactive behavior did not significantly differ depending on situations, but scores of maternal responsive factor were higher in the play situation than in the reading situation. 2) Maternal responsiveness might influence on promoting the children's pivotal behavior with children who stutter. And 3) the level of maternal responsiveness was the predictor of children's stuttering behaviors. The therapeutic implication of the results were discussed.