• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.225-248
• /
• 2012

The summed-similarity model of visual short-term recognition proposes that the estimated amount of summed similarity between remembered items and a recognition probe determines recognition judgement decision (Kahan & Sekuler, 2002). This study examined the effect of a task-irrelevant location change on the recognition decision against two remembered Gabor gratings differing in their spatial frequencies. On each trial in Experiment, participants reported if two gratings displayed across the visual fields are the same or not as the probe grating displayed after about a second of memory delay. The probe grating would be the same as or different from the memory items (lure) by 1 or 4 JND units. The location of the probe would also vary randomly across the left and right visual field with respect to the location of the corresponding memory item. The participants were instructed to perform their recognition task exclusively to the spatial frequencies of the memory items and the probe while ignoring the potential location change of the probe. The results showed that false-recognition rates of the lure probe increased as the summed similarity between the memory items and the probe increased. The rates also further increased in the condition where the probe location was different from the location of the corresponding memory item compared to the condition where the probe location was the same. The increased false-recognition rates indicate that information stored into visual short-term memory is represented as a form of well-bound visual features rather than independent features.

• Proceedings of the Society of Korea Industrial and System Engineering Conference
• /
• 2002.05a
• /
• pp.119-124
• /
• 2002

Clustering of data is of a great interest in many data mining applications. In the field of document clustering, a document is represented as a data in a high dimensional space. Therefore, the document clustering can be accomplished with a general data clustering techniques. In this paper, we introduce a document clustering system based on similarity among documents. The developed system consists of three functions: 1) gatherings documents utilizing a search agent; 2) determining similarity coefficients between any two documents from term frequencies; 3) clustering documents with similarity coefficients. Especially, the document clustering is accomplished by a hybrid algorithm utilizing genetic and K-Means methods.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.23-41
• /
• 2019

This study combines the concept of degree centrality in complex network with the Term Frequency $^*$ Proportional Document Frequency ($TF^*PDF$) algorithm; the combined method, called PMCN (PDF-Modified similarity and Complex Network), constructs relationship networks among sentences for writing news summaries. The PMCN method is a multi-document summarization extension of the ideas of Bun and Ishizuka (2002), who first published the $TF^*PDF$ algorithm for detecting hot topics. In their $TF^*PDF$ algorithm, Bun and Ishizuka defined the publisher of a news item as its channel. If the PDF weight of a term is higher than the weights of other terms, then the term is hotter than the other terms. However, this study attempts to develop summaries for news items. Because the $TF^*PDF$ algorithm summarizes daily news, PMCN replaces the concept of "channel" with "the date of the news event", and uses the resulting chronicle ordering for a multi-document summarization algorithm, of which the F-measure scores were 0.042 and 0.051 higher than LexRank for the famous d30001t and d30003t tasks, respectively.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.338-344
• /
• 2015

The national competency standards (NCS) is a systematize and standardize for skills required to perform their job. The NCS has developed a learning module with materialization and standardize by competence unit element, which is the unit of specific job competency. The existing curriculum is material to gab analysis for use in education training with competence unit element. The existing gab analysis has evaluated subjectively by experts. The gab analysis by experts bring up a subject subjective decision, accuracy lack, temporal and spatial inefficiency by psychological factor. This paper is proposed automated evaluation model for problem resolve of subjective evaluation. This paper use index term extraction, term frequency-inverse document frequency for feature value extraction, cosine similarity algorithm for gab analysis between existing curriculum and competence unit element. This paper was presented similarity mapping table between existing curriculum and competence unit element. The evaluation model in this paper should be complemented by an improved algorithm from the structural characteristics and speed.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.393-407
• /
• 2009

In this article the definition of similarity and its introduction in Korean middle school textbooks based on the 7th national curriculum are analysed critically. As a result four suggestions are presented. First, on the consideration that the contents related with similarity has been removed in the elementary school curriculum, the meaning of 'constant rate' needs to be understood through the rich experience of drawing enlarged/reduced figures when similarity is introduced in middle school, Second, there are two different ways in enlargement/reduction of figures and in the definition of similarity. Teachers have to keep the limitations of the two ways in mind. Third, the activity of drawing similar figures in enlarged/reduced squared paper needs to be practiced. Last, on 'the relation of similarity' which is in the definition of similarity, it has to be examined whether 'similarity' should be presented in the documents of the national curriculum as a term.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.59-73
• /
• 2000

The purposes of this study were to determine the factors that influence consumer concerns for safety to cow's milk produced using food-related biotechnology and to find the similarity and difference among concern factors relating short-term and long-term risk perception. Telephone interviews were conducted and the data were collected from households(n=1,466) nationwide in the U.S. And the data were analyzed by probit model and LIMDEP softare package. The data demonstrated that consumers were concerned about food safety from consuming milk produced using food-related biotechnology. The concerns were found to be influenced by demographic factors(gender in short-term, gender and age in long-term) as well as psychological aspect such as outrage(heard about bGH, milk belief about naturalness, expected benefit in short-term, heard about bGH, expected benefit in long-term) and attitudinal factors(animal rights group, locus of control in short-term, animal rights group, cancer history, locus of control in long-term). The results suggest that consumers have concerns for safety to cow's milk produced by biotechnology and the most factors influencing consumer concerns were similar between short-term and long-term period, though a few factors such as cancer history, milk belief about naturalness and age were different.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.54 no.9
• /
• pp.3551-3566
• /
• 2022

The STELLA program was launched to support the PGSFR development in 2012 and for the 2nd stage, the STELLA-2 facility was designed to investigate the integral effect of safety systems including the comprehensive interaction among PHTS, IHTS and DHRS. In STELLA-2, the long-term transient behavior after accidents can be observed and the overall safety aspect can also be evaluated. In this paper, the basic design concept from engineering basis to specific design is described. The design was aimed to meet similarity criteria and requirements based on various non-dimensional numbers and the result satisfied the key features to explain the reasoning of safety evaluation. The result of this study was used to construct the facility and the experiment is on-going. In general, the final design meets the similarity criteria of the multidimensional physics inside the reactor pool. And also, for the conservation of natural circulation phenomena, the design meets the similarity requirements of geometry and thermo-dynamic behavior.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.145-159
• /
• 2021

Purpose: A statistical similarity evaluation to compare pharmacokinetics(PK) profile data between nonclinical and clinical experiments has become a significant issue on many drug development processes. This study proposes a new similarity index by considering important parameters, such as the area under the curve(AUC) and the time-series profile of various PK data. Methods: In this study, a new profile similarity index(PSI) by using the concept of a process capability index(Cp) is proposed in order to investigate the most similar animal PK profile compared to the target(i.e., Human PK profile). The proposed PSI can be calculated geometric and arithmetic means of all short term similarity indices at all time points on time-series both animal and human PK data. Designed simulation approaches are demonstrated for a verification purpose. Results: Two different simulation studies are conducted by considering three variances(i.e., small, medium, and large variances) as well as three different characteristic types(smaller the better, larger the better, nominal the best). By using the proposed PSI, the most similar animal PK profile compare to the target human PK profile can be obtained in the simulation studies. In addition, a case study represents differentiated results compare to existing simple statistical analysis methods(i.e., root mean squared error and quality loss). Conclusion: The proposed PSI can effectively estimate the level of similarity between animal, human PK profiles. By using these PSI results, we can reduce the number of animal experiments because we only focus on the significant animal representing a high PSI value.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.8 no.8
• /
• pp.2851-2865
• /
• 2014

To improve the rate-distortion performance of distributed video compressive sensing (DVCS), the adaptive sparse basis and nonlocal similarity of video are proposed to jointly reconstruct the video signal in this paper. Due to the lack of motion information between frames and the appearance of some noises in the reference frames, the sparse dictionary, which is constructed using the examples directly extracted from the reference frames, has already not better obtained the sparse representation of the interpolated block. This paper proposes a method to construct the sparse dictionary. Firstly, the example-based data matrix is constructed by using the motion information between frames, and then the principle components analysis (PCA) is used to compute some significant principle components of data matrix. Finally, the sparse dictionary is constructed by these significant principle components. The merit of the proposed sparse dictionary is that it can not only adaptively change in terms of the spatial-temporal characteristics, but also has ability to suppress noises. Besides, considering that the sparse priors cannot preserve the edges and textures of video frames well, the nonlocal similarity regularization term has also been introduced into reconstruction model. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can improve the objective and subjective quality of video frame, and achieve the better rate-distortion performance of DVCS system at the cost of a certain computational complexity.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.7-30
• /
• 1999

This study is to develop effective document ranking algorithms in the P-norm retrieval system which can be implemented to the Boolean retrieval system without major difficulties by using non-statistical term weights based on document structure. Also, it is to enhance the performance by introducing the rank adjustment process which rearranges the ranks of retrieved documents according to the similarity between the top ranked documents and the rest of them. Of the non-statistical term weight algorithms, this study uses field weight and term pair distance weight. In the rank adjustment process, five retrieval experiments were performed, ranging between the case of using one record for the similarity measurement and the case of using first five records. It is proved that non-statistical term weights are highly effective and the rank adjustment process enhance the performance further.