• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.109 no.2
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• pp.211-222
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• 2020

This study tried to find out whether there is a change over time in the functional classification of forests in relation to human demand for forests. The level in which the concept of ecosystem services has been considered in national forest management plans was also examined. A total of 98 current and previous national forest management plans were available for this study. The composition ratios of the six functions of forests in both the current and previous national forest management plans were surveyed. We used a parametric t-test when the mean values of two (current and previous) groups were normally distributed and used nonparametric Wilcoxon code rank test when the assumption of normality was not met. Timber production forests were shown to follow a normal distribution, while five others, including water regeneration forests, disaster prevention forests, natural environment conservation forests, recreation forests, and living environment conservation forests were not shown to follow a normal distribution. Timber production forests and natural environment forests showed significant changes in the proportion of forest area between previous and current forest management plans. The concept of 'ecosystem services' began to actively appear in the 6th Basic Forest Plan, which started in 2018. However, the level of frequency of the ecosystem services mentioned varied by Regional Forest Services.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.59-67
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• 2000

In analysis of resolution IV fractional factorial experiments, the main effects only are analyzed, even though we can get some useful information on the confounded 2-factor interactions. In this paper, we introduce an exploiting method of the confounded structure of interactions, especially for the near minimal resolution IV 3$^{t}$ fractional factorial designs developed by Anderson and Thomas (1979). Moreover, in this paper the application way of the proposed method is also discussed by analyzing some simulated data.

• Proceedings of the Korean Statistical Society Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.295-297
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• 2003

본 논의에서는 cDNA 마이크로어레이 분석에서 다변량 분석의 한 방법인 Hotelling의 T제곱 통계량을 이용하여 유의적 유전자군을 검색하고, 이 유전자군을 사용하여 검사자료를 두군으로 분류하는데 단변량 t통계량에 기초한 접근보다 얼마나 효율적인지를 평가하고자 한다.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.388-394
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the accuracy and adequacy of research studies reporting statistical testing for mean differences in studies of the Korean Journal of Women Health. Methods: Among articles published in the journal from 2007 to 2009, 75 studies using t-test, $x^2$-test, and ANOVA were identified. The studies were evaluated using structured analysis format for adequacy of research title, accuracy of statistical methods and presentation styles, and errors in reported statistical outcomes. Results: In this study, the research titles generally reflected the purpose of research and study designs. Thus the research titles were quite comprehensive. Also, there was compatibility between the research purpose and research design. Most important though, many errors were identified in the tables of results of the statistical analysis in articles published from 2004 to 2006. Conclusion: Over six years, 2004 to 2009, accuracy and adequacy of research studies has improved in many aspects. In order to enhance the completeness of the published papers and to be an internationally recognized nursing journal, close attention of the researchers, reviewers and editors is necessary to avoid errors and present adequate and accurate research.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.35-47
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop and apply the elementary teacher training course for educational programming language based on TPACK in order to make elementary school teachers fully equipped with teaching efficacy for SW education. As a result, the informatics teaching efficacy of the teachers in the experimental group who participated in EPL training course developed based on TPACK was statistically more significant than the teachers in the control group(t=4.13, p<.001). The dependent sample t-test of the experimental group showed a statistically significant increase with t=4.57 (p< .001). It proved that TPACK-based teachers' training course is effective to improve teachers' informatics teaching efficacy. It is suggested that the development of SW education teacher training course should be systematically structured considering TPACK framework.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.10 no.4 s.36
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• pp.133-141
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• 2005

An edge is where the intensity of an image moves from a low value to high value or vice versa. The edges tell where objects are. their shape and size. and something about their texture. Many traditional edge operators are derivative based and perform reasonably well for simple noise-free images. In recent, statistical edge detectors for complex images with noises have been described. This paper compares and analysis the performance of statistical edge detectors based on the T test and Wilcoxon test, and mathematical edge detectors based on Sobel operator, and the well-known Canny detector and Wavelet transformation detector, and provides the implementation of these edge detectors using Java on the web.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.25-49
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• 2018

This study examined the effects of song-based group music therapy on the exercise stress and positive psychological capital of youth soccer players. Eighty youth soccer players were assigned to either a song-based music therapy group or a control group. For the analysis of the effects of song-based group music therapy, the Exercise Stress scale and the Athlete Positive Psychological Capital scale were administered before and after the intervention. The collected data were analyzed using an independent sample t test and paired t test. The results were as follows. First, the experimental group showed a significantly lower posttest score on the exercise stress measure than the control group (p < .01). The control group showed a significant increase from pretest to posttest on the exercise stress measure (p < .05). Second, the experimental group scored significantly higher at posttest than the control group on the positive psychological capital measure (p < .01). The control group demonstrated a statistically significant decrease from pretest to posttest on the positive psychological capital scale (p < .05). The results suggest that song-based group music therapy is an effective treatment method that lowers exercise stress and raises positive psychological capital of youth soccer players.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.140-152
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• 2020

This study analyzed the satisfaction and utilization of the institutional applications used by child-education institutions from a parent's perspective. The research target is a parent who enlisted their children in private kindergarten institution located in Gyeong-gi province and final research outcomes are 443 in total. The difference in satisfaction and utilization have been identified with demographic descriptive statistics, students t-test, and F-test statistics analysis method. First, the result of T-test on the difference in satisfaction and utilization based on parents' employment status shows that statistically significant difference was found in convenience from overall satisfaction, communication from overall utilization and child-parent relationship. Second, the F-test of differences in satisfaction and utilization showed a statistically significant difference in education utilization variables, with all variables in educational background and motivation. In terms of utilization, parents' educational background and overall utilization, and children's age were confirmed to have significant differences in communication, children's relationship, and motivation in basic life. Third, the result of multiple regression analysis shows that all predictors, including ease of use, communication, and satisfaction with educational activities, have a statistically significant impact on utilization standard variables, relative contributions showed the highest level of communication satisfaction. Therefore this paper implicates that institutional applications can maximize educational effectiveness by checking the applicability of active communication and educational activities with parents and actively communicating with parents in early childhood through various educational content applications.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.283-295
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• 2018

This study is to establish the direction of special education curriculum by linking the demands of the health industry and the university curriculum. For this, we conducted a questionnaire survey for 4 months from 18 January to 9 May, 2017. Cronbach alpha coefficient was used for the reliability of the study, frequency analysis was used mainly for the contents of the study, and chi-square test, variance analysis and T test were applied to the study. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.891. Variance analysis, T test and chi-square test show some significant differences. The results of this study are as follows: 35% of practitioners and 22% of convergent intellectuals are desirable in institutions. Practical needs of practitioners are creative practicality, medical policy (58%). It will be necessary to conduct a nationwide survey in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-47
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• 2021

This study developed a big data-based STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Art & Mathematics) program using WWT (World Wide Telescope), focusing on content elements of 'solar system', 'star and universe' in the 2015 revised science curriculum, and in order to find out the effectiveness of the STEAM program, analyzed creative problem solving, STEAM attitude, and STEAM satisfaction by applying it to one middle school 176 students simple random sampled. The results of this study are as follows. First, we developed a program to encourage students to actively and voluntarily participating, utilizing the astronomical data platform WWT. Second, in the paired t-test based on the difference between the pre- and post-scores of the creative problem solving measurement test, significant statistical test results were shown in 'idea adaptation', 'imaging', 'analogy', 'idea production' and 'elaboration' sub-factors except 'attention task' sub-factor (p < .05). Third, in the paired t-test based on the difference between the pre- and post-scores of the STEAM attitude test, significant statistical test results were shown in 'interest', 'communication', 'self-concept', 'self-efficacy' and 'science and engineering career choice' sub-factors except 'consideration' and 'usefulness / value recognition' sub-factors (p < .05). Fourth, in the STEAM satisfaction test conducted after class application, the average values of sub-factors were 3.16~3.90. The results indicated that students' understanding and interest in the science subject improved significantly through the big data-based STEAM program using the WWT.