• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.39-48
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• 2021

According to International Associating for the Study of Pain (IASP) definition, neuropathic pain is a disorder characterized by dysfunction of the nervous system that, under normal conditions, mediates virulent information to the central nervous system (CNS). This pain can be divided into a disease with provable lesions in the peripheral or central nervous system and states with an incorporeal lesion of any nerves. Both conditions undergo long-term and chronic processes of change, which can eventually develop into chronic pain syndrome, that is, nervous system is inappropriately adapted and difficult to heal. However, the treatment of neuropathic pain itself is incurable from diagnosis to treatment process, and there is still a lack of notable solutions. Recently, several studies have observed the responses of CNS to harmful stimuli using image analysis technologies, such as functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and optical imaging. These techniques have confirmed that the change in synaptic-plasticity was generated in brain regions which perceive and handle pain information. Furthermore, these techniques helped in understanding the interaction of learning mechanisms and chronic pain, including neuropathic pain. The study aims to describe recent findings that revealed the mechanisms of pathological pain and the structural and functional changes in the brain. Reflecting on the definition of chronic pain and inspecting the latest reports will help develop approaches to alleviate pain.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.73-83
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• 2021

The information space, the main components of which are information resources, means of information interaction, and information infrastructure, is a sphere of modern social life in which information communications play a leading role. The objective process is the gradual but stable entry of the national information space into the European and world information sphere, in the context of which there is a legitimate question of its protection as one of the components of the national security of Ukraine. However, the implementation of this issue in practice immediately faces the need to respect the rights and fundamental freedoms guaranteed by international regulations and the Constitution of Ukraine, especially in the field of cybersecurity. The peculiarity of the modern economy is related to its informational nature, which affects the sharp increase in cyber incidents in the field of information security, which is widespread and threatening and affects a wide range of private, corporate, and public interests. The problem of forming an effective information security system is exacerbated by the spread of cybercrime as a leading threat to information security both in Ukraine and around the world. The purpose of this study is to analyze the state of cybersecurity and on this basis to identify new areas of the fight against cybercrime in Ukraine. Methods: the study is based on an extensive regulatory framework, which primarily consists of regulatory acts of Ukraine. The main methods were inductions and deductions, generalizations, statistical, comparative, and system-structural analysis, grouping, descriptive statistics, interstate comparisons, and graphical methods. Results. It is noted that a very important component of Ukraine's national security is the concept of "information terrorism", which includes cyberterrorism and media terrorism that will require its introduction into the law. An assessment of the state of cybersecurity in Ukraine is given. Based on the trend analysis, further growth of cybercrimes was predicted, and ABC analysis showed the existence of problems in the field of security of payment systems. Insufficient accounting of cybercrime and the absence in the current legislation of all relevant components of cybersecurity does not allow the definition of a holistic system of counteraction. Therefore, the proposed new legal norms in the field of information security take into account modern research in the field of promising areas of information technology development and the latest algorithms for creating media content.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.40-51
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to diagnose urban spatial structures using spatial modeling techniques for balanced urban development as part of sustainable urban growth management. Since urban spatial structure is an interaction of various activities, it is necessary to interpret the analysis results in conjunction with the analysis of changes in spatial structural elements. In this study, population and transportation were approached for research purposes. Population data were applied to the Getis-Ord G_i^* method, a spatial statistical technique, to analyze the concentration-decreasing region of the population. Traffic data analyzed the trend of centrality change by applying commuting traffic O-D data to Social Network Analysis techniques. The analysis showed that urban imbalance was growing, and the centrality of transportation was changing. The results of the analysis of spatial structure elements could be interpreted by linking the results of each factor to each neighborhood unit, predicting changes in urban spatial structure and suggesting directions for sustainable urban growth management.These results could also be used as a decision-making tool for various urban growth management policies introduced to cope with rapid urban development and uncontrollable development in many cities around the world.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.13-23
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• 2022

The ground-structure interaction of the bridge foundation has been pointed out as a major factor influencing the behavior of the bridge during earthquakes. In this study, the effect of characteristics of ground and bridge foundation on the earthquake vulnerability is investigated. From the pseudo-static analysis, it is confirmed that non-linearity becomes lesser and horizontal load becomes greater when surcharge is considered. It is also found that as the ground worsens and the size of foundation decreases, horizontal load reduces. To derive reasonable structural model for bridge foundation, fragility curve is obtained considering four conditions (fixed condition, equivalent linear condition, non-linear without surchage condition, non-linear with surcharge condition) and compared. Seismic analysis is performed on single pier with Opensees. From the earthquake vulnerability analysis, it is found that shallow foundation can be assumed as fixed condition. In conservative approach, stiffness of spring can be obtained based on Korean highway bridge design code for pile foundation which can consider the ground condition.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.29-46
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• 2022

COVID-19 has radically changed the behavior of members of society for exchange. In particular, the strong contagiousness of the virus is increasing networking on online platforms while reducing people's networking in the real world. Recently, the metaverse, which strengthened the presence based on 3D technology, is attracting attention from members of society such as individuals and companies. We present a method to improve metaverse utilization from the perspective of organizations and employees who have introduced metaverse for work. In other words, we check the effect of metaverse social function and telepresence on the employee's intention to offer support by improving the trust of the metaverse participants. We obtained samples through questionnaires targeting employees of organizations that introduced metaverse to their work, and verified the research hypothesis by applying the structural equation model. As a result, social interactivity, reciprocal favor, and telepresence of metaverse partially affected metaverse trust (platform, peer, organization), and metaverse trust increased the intention to offer support. Our study suggests a strategic direction to improve the metaverse utilization and exchange level of employees of organizations who want to use the metaverse for business.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.69-77
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• 2022

Physical experiment through MBL has been used in many schools for a long time since students can check the experiment results immediately and conduct the experiment easily. However, conducting the experiment, not knowing the principle of the device or simply concentrating on the derived data has been raised as the problem of MBL experiment. To supplement this problem, this study measured the acceleration of gravity with the picket fence method, which is often used in MBL experiment, utilizing Arduino, calculated the error rate through a comparison to the actual acceleration of gravity and discussed the educational application of the experiment to measure it. As a result of the experiment, the error rate between the acceleration of gravity calculated by the experiment and the actual acceleration of gravity was about 1%, so it turned out that relatively accurate measurements were possible. Also, the sample mean of the experimental value was included in the confidence interval of 95%, so it could be concluded that it was a significant experiment. In addition, this study showed the possibility of the educational application of the experiment to measure it through the following: It can supplement the structural disadvantages of MBL; it can consider the interaction between Physics and Math; it is possible to converge with information course in STEAM education; and it is inexpensive to be equipped with the equipment. Hopefully, the physical experiment utilizing Arduino will further be revitalized in science gifted education based on this study.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.127-136
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• 2022

In this work a multi-fidelity non-intrusive polynomial chaos (MF-NIPC) has been applied to a structural wind engineering problem in architectural design for the first time. In architectural design it is important to design structures that are safe in a range of wind directions and speeds. For this reason, the computational models used to design buildings and bridges must account for the uncertainties associated with the interaction between the structure and wind. In order to use the numerical simulations for the design, the numerical models must be validated by experi-mental data, and uncertainties contained in the experiments should also be taken into account. Uncertainty Quantifi-cation has been increasingly used for CFD simulations to consider such uncertainties. Typically, CFD simulations are computationally expensive, motivating the increased interest in multi-fidelity methods due to their ability to lev-erage limited data sets of high-fidelity data with evaluations of more computationally inexpensive models. Previous-ly, the multi-fidelity framework has been applied to CFD simulations for the purposes of optimization, rather than for the statistical assessment of candidate design. In this paper MF-NIPC method is applied to flow around a rectan-gular 5:1 cylinder, which has been thoroughly investigated for architectural design. The purpose of UQ is validation of numerical simulation results with experimental data, therefore the radius of curvature of the rectangular cylinder corners and the angle of attack are considered to be random variables, which are known to contain uncertainties when wind tunnel tests are carried out. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations are solved by a solver that employs the Finite Element Method (FEM) for two turbulence modeling approaches of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations: Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) and the Large Eddy simulation (LES). The results of the uncertainty analysis with CFD are compared to experimental data in terms of time-averaged pressure coefficients and bulk parameters. In addition, the accuracy and efficiency of the multi-fidelity framework is demonstrated through a comparison with the results of the high-fidelity model.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.47-57
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• 2022

Purpose: Recently, it is common to see cases where an amount similar to the cost of a meal is spent on dessert, or an amount greater than the cost of a meal is spent on dessert. The generation MZ is showing a tendency of 'value consumption' by consuming values and beliefs in consideration of the recent impact on society and the environment. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of dessert cafe quality and eco-friendly behavior on customer trust and loyalty targeting the generation MZ who have visited desert cafés. This study examined the mediating role of customer trust in the relationships between desert café quality, eco-friendly behavior and customer loyalty, and also the moderating effect of and eco-friendly behavior on customer trust and customer loyalty. Research design, data, and methodology: To achieve purposes of this study, 229 data were collected from respondents who visited desert café and analyzed using measurement model (reliability test and correlation analysis), Fornell-Larcker Criterion and Heterotrait-Monotrait Ratio (HTMT) assessment, and structural equation model (PLS-SEM) with SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 3.3.7. Results: The research results are as follows. First, desert cafes' quality positively influenced customer trust but did not customer loyalty. Second, desert cafes' eco-friendly behavior positively influenced customer trust and customer loyalty. Fourth, the interaction term of dessert cafe quality and eco-friendly behavior did not influence customer trust and customer loyalty. Conclusions: This study emphasized the necessity of service quality and eco-friendly behavior of dessert cafes by examining the relationship between the quality of dessert cafes and eco-friendly behaviors, customer trust and loyalty. It also found the importance of the role of trust in securing loyal customers. In order to secure and retain loyal customers, the owners of dessert cafes should make effortsto improve the quality of the cafes' products and services so that customers can feel a sense of trust, and actively publicize that they are practicing eco-friendly management. As a result of this study, it is intended to provide practical implications for the management of dessert cafes by understand ing the effects of product and service quality and eco-friendly behaviors of companies to bakery industry workers and start-ups.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9-31
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• 2023

This study is a study on the different cognitive systems and different knowledge systems of members participating in complex and diverse consulting projects, and it is a study on team collaboration that affects the team performance of the project. The purpose of this study is to analyze the mediating effects of team shared cognition, team transactive memory, team knowledge integration, and team efficacy in the cognitive interaction process of a consulting project. This study established a research model and research hypothesis based on previous studies. Data were collected from consultants who actually participated in the consulting project. To empirically analyze the research hypothesis, demographic analysis, validity and reliability analysis, structural model analysis for hypothesis verification, and mediating effect analysis using phantom variables were performed. As a result of the study, in order to increase team performance, it is necessary to improve team shared cognition and team transactive memory, which are cognitive systems, and team knowledge integration, which is a knowledge system, must also be improved. Therefore, there is a need for a sense of team efficacy that integrates disparate cognitive and knowledge systems, trusts each other's expertise, and enables successful team work. In addition, future studies on sub-factors of cognitive processes are needed.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 2009

It has been repeatedly reported that a drainage system of a drained tunnel is deteriorated. And consequently the water pressure on the lining increases with time. However, little research on the watertight tunnel was found in the literatures. According to field measurements, leakage of the undrained tunnel has increased with time, which is completely opposite to the behavior of the drained tunnel. It is evident that the hydraulic deterioration of the tunnel lining changes the water pressure on the lining and the amount of leakage, thus the design coneept in terms of groundwater is not maintained tightly throughout the life time of the tunnel. The Segment lining is generally constructed as watertight. However, it is frequently reported that the leakage in the segment tunnel increases with time. It is also reported that the leakage is generally concentrated at the joints of the segments. In this study structural and hydraulic interaetion of the segment lining due to the hydraulic deterioration of the segments and the joints is investigated using the numerical modeling method. An electric utility tunnel below groundwater table is considered for the analyses. The effects of hydraulic deterioration of the segment lining are identified in terms of ground loading, water pressure and lining behavior. A remedial grouting measure for leakage is also numerically simulated, and its appropriateness is evaluated.