• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.544-561
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• 2005

Purpose : This study was to assess the loading distributing characteristics of implant systems with internal connection or external connection under vertical and inclined loading using finite element analysis. Materials and methods : Two finite element models were designed according to type of internal connection or external connection The crown for mandibular first molar was made using cemented abutment. Each three-dimensional finite element model was created with the physical properties of the implant and surrounding bone This study simulated loads of 200N at the central fossa in a vertical direction (loading condition A), 200N at the centric cusp tip in a 15$^{\circ}$ inward inclined direction (loading condition B), or 200N at the centric cusp tip in a 30$^{\circ}$ outward inclined direction (loading condition C) respectively. Von Mises stresses were recorded and compared in the supporting bone, fixture, abutment and abutment screw. Results : 1. In comparison with the whole stress or the model 1 and model 2, the stress pattern was shown through th contact of the abutment and the implant fixture in the model 1, while the stress pattern was shown through the abutment screw mainly in the model 2. 2. Without regard to the loading condition, greater stress was taken at the cortical bone, and lower stress was taken at the cancellous bone. The stress taken at the cortical bone was greater at the model 1 than at the model 2, but the stress taken at the cortical bone was much less than the stress taken at the abutment, the implant fixture, and the abutment screw in case of both model 1 and model 2. 3. Without regard to the loading condition, the stress pattern of the abutment was greater at the model 1 than at the model 2. 4. In comparison with the stress distribution of model 1 and model 2, the maximum stress was taken at the abutment in the model 1. while the maximum stress was taken at the abutment screw in the model 2. 5. The magnitude of the maximum stress taken at the supporting bone, the implant fixture, the abutment, and the abutment screw was greater in the order of loading condition A, B and C. Conclusion : The stress distribution pattern of the internal connection system was mostly distributed widely to the lower part along the inner surface of the implant fixture contacting the abutment core through its contact portion because of the intimate contact of the abutment and the implant fixture and so the less stress was taken at the abutment screw, while the abutment screw can be the weakest portion clinically because the greater stress was taken at the abutment screw in case of the external connection system, and therefore the further clinical study about this problem is needed.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.55-68
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to analyze the distribution of stress in the surrounding bone around implant placed in the first and second molar region. Two different three-dimensional finite element model were designed according to vertical bone level around fixture ($4.0mm{\times}11.5mm$) on the second molar region. A mandibular segment containing two implant-abutments and a two-unit bridge system was molded as a cancellous core surrounded by a 2mm cortical layer. The mesial and distal section planes of the model were not covered by cortical bone and were constrained in all directions at the nodes. Two vertical loads and oblique loads of 200 N were applied at the center of occlusal surface (load A) or at a position of 2mm apart buccally from the center (load B). Von-Mises stresses were analyzed in the supporting bone. The results were as follows; 1. With the vertical load at the center of occlusal surface, the stress pattern on the cortical and cancellous bones around the implant on model 1 and 2 was changed, while the stress pattern on the cancellous bone with oblique load was not. 2. With the vertical load at the center of occlusal surface, the maximum von-Mises stress appeared in the outer distal side of the cortical bone on Model 1 and 2, while the maximum von-Mises stress appeared in the distal and lingual distal side of the cortical bone with oblique load. 3. With the vertical load at a position of 2 mm apart buccally from the center, there was the distribution of stress on the upper portion of the implant-bone interface and the cortical bone except for the cancellous bone, while there was a distribution of stress on the cancellous bones at the apical and lingual sides around the fixture and on the cortical bone with oblique load. 4. With the changes of the supporting bone on the second molar area, the stress pattern on the upper part of the cortical bone between two implants was changed, while the stress pattern on the cancellous bone was not. The results of this study suggest that establishing the optimum occlusal contact considering the direction and position of the load from the standpoint of stress distribution of surrounding bone will be clinically useful.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.181-191
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• 2013

Objectives : The research was performed to be used as basic data for dental hygienists' job satisfaction during clinical practice, and planning and operating effective clinical practice by analyzing stress factors in dental hygienists and the extent of stress caused by students in clinical practice. Methods : The research was aimed at dental hygienists working at college dental hospitals, dental clinic of general hospitals, dental hospitals and dental clinics located in Seoul and Gyeonggi province where clinical practices were conducted for dental hygiene students. For analysis, collected data was analyzed by using SPSS 20.0. Results : Results derived from analysis on characteristic difference by pattern of hospital were observed that there was a significant difference in job satisfaction by pattern of hospital. Results from analysis on correlation among stress factors were observed that there was correlation between behavior and attitude, interpersonal relationships, role and activity, ideal and value, and treatment fields. Results derived from analysis on the effect of stress factors on the job satisfaction were observed that role and activity (p=.002<.01), ideal and value (p=.019<.05), and treatment fields (p=.032<.05) affected the job satisfaction, while behavior and attitude (p=.386>.05), and interpersonal relationships ((p=.421>.05) did not affect the job satisfaction. A stress factor, role and activity (${\beta}$=.350) affected the job satisfaction the most, followed by ideal and value (${\beta}$=.242), and treatment fields (${\beta}$=-.185). For the explanation ability, the stress factors accounted for 20.5% of the job satisfaction. Conclusions : In conclusion, most of the dental hygienists are satisfied with students' clinical practice by pattern of hospital. Positive correlation was shown between stress factors. Behavior and attitude and ideal and value are high in stress in college dental hospitals, role and activity and treatment fields are high in stress in dental hospital, and interpersonal relationships are high in stress in dental clinics.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.165-176
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to contribute to family nursing in the areas of reducing stress and improving coping for parents of mentally retarded children. Data were collected through self-report questionnaires during a period of 2 months between November 1994 and January 1995 in the Kyoung-in area. The subjects consist of 176 parents (88 mothers and 88 fathers) of mentally retarded children attending schools for the handicapped. The levels of general stress and of parental role stress were measured with the General stress scale and the Parental role stress scale, respectively. The coping scale developed by Folkman ＆ LaZarus was adopted to measure the level of coping, and the patterns of adaptation scale developed by Damrosch ＆ Perry was adopted to measure the patterns of adaptation. The data were analyzed by a SAS program using Fisher's exact test, paired t-test, and oneway ANOVA. The results are as follows ; 1. The level of general stress was significantly higher in mothers than in fathers. Mothers experienced a significantly greater level of parental role stress than fathers did. No significant difference in the level of coping was observed between mothers and fathers. There were differences in maternal and paternal patterns of adaptation. 2. The adaptation pattern of fathers was different according to their level of general stress, parental role stress and coping. The adaptation pattern of mothers was not different according to their level of general stress and parental role stress, but was according to their level of coping. 3. General stress experienced by fathers was different according to education, health status and support from their spouses. Satisfaction with family life, satisfaction with spouse and the support from spouse influenced coping used by fathers. Their level of parental role stress was not associated with any of their general characteristics. 4. In mothers, the level of general stress was different according to their health status, the level of parental role stress was related to satisfaction with family life and satisfaction with spouse. Their level of coping was associated with the sup port from spouse. The above findings indicate that mothers did not have more coping strategies than fathers did, despite the results which showed that mothers experienced greater stress than fathers did. Especially, the adaptation pattern of mothers was different according to their level of coping. Hence, nursing interventions directed at managing stress and improving coping should be used with mothers who use adaptation pattern 1. In particular, fathers should actively participate in parenting, and support their spouses.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.104-119
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to recognize menstrual pattern, stress, digestive disorder of female college students who have oligomenorrhea and effects of Gamiguibi-tang. Methods: We researched 30 female students who responded to have menstrual irregulation at ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ college by questionnaires investigating their menstruation, stress, digestive disorder, and changes of symptoms before and after taking Gamiguibi-tang. Results: 1. There was statistical correlation between menstrual pattern and Qi-Stasis Questionnaire symptoms. 2. There was statistical correlation between menstrual pattern and digestive disorder symptoms. 3. There was statistical correlation between improvement of Qi-Stasis Questionnaire symptoms and usage of Gamiguibi-tang. 4. There was statistical correlation between improvement of digestive disorder symptoms and usage of Gamiguibi-tang. Conclusions: This study showed the stress and digestive disorder symptoms are effectively relieved by Gamiguibi-tang. By this result we expect that Gamiguibi-tang can be used for oligomenorrhea caused by stress or digestive disorder.

• Journal of Power System Engineering
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.44-51
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• 2004

Effect of corrosion characteristics in relation to loaded stress in the welded zone of A5083-H116 aluminum alloy, in the seawater was studied. The corrosion experiment was performed for 120 hours on the specimens in the natural seawater tank with four steps of the loaded stress. The corrosion crack, corrosion rate, electrode potential, current, and corrosion pattern, etc. were examined for the specimens with the elapse of the immersion time. The main result derived from this study is the crack growth length is increased with the increasing loaded stress. The electrode potential and the corrosion current are decreased rapidly in the early stage of the corrosion, and then decreased gradually and stabilized eventually with the elapse of the immersion time. The test condition of the longer crack growth tends to show the higher corrosion rate. Corrosion pattern of the welded zone indicates that the depth and width of the pitting become increasing with the increasing loaded stress.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.113-132
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to assess the stress-induced pattern at the supporting bone, the implant fixture, the abutment and the abutment screw according to a friction-fit joint (Astra; Model 1) or slip- fit joint (Frialit-2; Model 2) in the internal connection system under vertical and inclined loading using finite element analysis. In conclusion, in the internal connection system of the implant and the abutment connection methods, the stress-induced pattern at the supporting bone, the implant fixture, the abutment and the abutment screw according to the abutment connection form had difference among them, and the stress distribution pattern usually had a widely distributed tendency along the inner surface of the implant fixture contacting the abutment post. The magnitude of the stress distributed in the supporting bone, the implant fixture, the abutment and the abutment screw was higher in the friction-fit joint than in the slip-fit joint. But it is considered that the further study is necessary about how this difference in the magnitude of the stress have an effect on the practical clinic.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.461-469
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the personality type, problematic drinking pattern, and stress coping style of the nasal bone fracture patients by comparing those with general fracture patients. Methods: 50 nasal bone fracture patients due to violence and 50 general fracture patients due to simple trauma, such as fall and traffic accident were conveniently selected. Results: The study results showed that nasal bone fracture patients due to violence significantly presented higher level of A type personality and more problematic drinking pattern than general fracture patients due to simple trauma. Stress coping style, however, did not show significant difference between two groups. Conclusion: In order to prepare prevention strategies for basal bone fracture in the future, health education alter problematic drinking habit to sound drinking pattern may be offered and provided nursing interventions tailored to A type personality.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2005

Plant pipe has a fatigue life which is induced by repeated stress come from the variation of temperature and pressure. To avoid the fatigue crack of plant pipe which is produced by long term repeated stress, plant operator has to limit the mont of operating transient. This paper introduced the study result about discrimination methodology of plant transient by using the fuzzy pattern recognition. As result of applying the fuzzy pattern recognition to actual plant operation data, it is confirmed that fuzzy pattern recognition methodology can be useful for the comparison of similarity for the transients of similar output but has different time pattern.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.107-126
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• 2007

This study explored the buffering effect of family resilience between family stress and adjustment of single parent family based on family resilience approach. Results of the study were as followed: First, single parents who had a lower level of family stress and a higher lever of family resilience reported a higher level of family adjustment. Second, family stress especially economic stress and relational stress influenced negatively on adjustment of single parent family. Family belief system, organizational pattern and communication processes of the three sub-factors of family resilience influenced positively on family adjustment. However the sub-factors of family resilience had more powerful effects than family stress. Third, family belief system, organizational pattern and communication processes of the three sub-factors of family resilience had a moderating effect between family adjustment and psychological stress and between family adjustment and relational stress. Especially the three sub-factors of family resilience had a buffering effect between family adjustment and relational stress. The results of this study had important implication for theory, research, and practice. The study showed that adjustment of single parent family could be significantly explained by family resilience rather than family stress. Accordingly strength perspective-based intervention focused on family resilience would be more effective than deficit perspective-based intervention based on family stress.