• 환경영향평가
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.51-65
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• 2014

ODA projects such as multi-purpose dam, industrial complex, road construction etc. have resulted in environmental damage and resident relocation including destruction of site of living. Even the grandiose developments as ODA projects have made clear the value clashes between development and environmental conservation, and have brought about conflicts between public interests and public environmental right, and the discordance between public interests and private property rights in the recipient country. This study summarizes and analyses the Korea's ODA projects and will suggest the public participation and governance system based on Saemaul Movement, Strategic Environmental Assessment and Environmental Impact Assessment based on the guideline of OECD DAC, and emphasize Strategic Environmental Assessment and Social Impact Assessment in the procedure of ODA projects. In the future the ODA project should be implemented for the overcome of poverty and response to climate change based on the experience and trial and errors of Korea's compact growth and past ODA projects.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.81-95
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• 2008

The study is intended to develop the measures to introduce the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) project manager (Environmental Assessor), who will be responsible for leading the EIA task. This role requires a quality standard of expertise in the area of natural science, social science, knowledge and technology on environment design mechanism, and the integrated approaches that combine the relevant policies and systems. To facilitate the system, the certificate will be given to the person who is well acquainted with the knowledge on EIA with relevant experiences, thereby authorizing them to coordinate the assessment task for reliable outcome. Hence, the need for introducing the system is very crucial. The EIA project manager, as a guide for an EIA project team, shall be the person who has a comprehensive understanding of the project, the knowledge about the principal for implementation of EIA and the expertise in structuring the management system, with a skill to maintain the good relationship with the people engaged in the project. To that end, it is highly recommended to set up such a certificate system to be incorporated in the college curriculum.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2004

Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) in Korea has been used to improve environmental conservation and decision-making. Since environmental impact statement(EIS) was introduced in 1981 with the promulgation of the Environmental Preservation Act in 1977, which replaced the Pollution Control Act legislated in 1963. With a rapid growth of environmental perception as well as the diversification of development activities, however, it has recently bring about a strong demand for a new assessment process related to the strategic level of policies, plan, programs. Method of this study includes analyses of the situation of local EIA and its problematic issues through survey and analysis of information and data, analysis of the level of environmental awareness of professionals and case studies including analysis of foreign strategic environmental assessment. Accordingly, I have elicited a concept of SEA. In addition, I have studied on costs of environmental assessment, and efficiency of internalization of HIA. The survey was carried between September and November 2003, and 177 professionals were asks to complete a questionnaire. As a result of questionnaire survey of environmental pundits, it revealed that 83.8% of participants were in favor of introduction of strategic assessment. This result demonstrated more or less higher approval rate than those of awareness survey done by the Ministry of Environment, i.e. 86.0% ayes, and 14.0% nays. 22.8% of participants agreed to the opinion; "For introduction of this system, earlier is better," 50% reported having an opinion such as, "Will introduce this system in an earliest possible time after correcting problems," 26.3% reported having an opinion such as, "Let's decide the time for introduction of this system after correcting problems first,' and 0.9% reported having an opinion, "it's too early to introduce this system." Specifically, the ratio of ayes on introduction of the system marked 72.8%, and it revealed that a majority of respondents have an opinion such as, "Will introduce this system in an earliest possible time after correcting problems." As means of solutions for the problem regarding the limits of applications that existed in SEA System, factors, such as collecting a wide variety of opinions, securing experts, and faithful implementation, etc. were reported important, and in addition to these factors, respondents revealed having opinions such as, consistent research and development, reflection of public interest, establishment of professional organization, enforcement of after-management service, expanding investments in large, systemizing reference materials, and encouraging public participation, etc. To improve problems involving with present EIA system, it has been identified through this study that SEA is efficient and useful. In order to have SEA introduced successfully, it has been cleared that internalization of effectiveness of environmental cost together with HIA must be accomplished.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.309-322
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• 2006

During the last decade, Health Impact Assessment (HIA) has been discussed worldwide as being an important tool for the development of healthy public policy. HIA has been advanced as a means of bringing potential health impacts to the attention of policy makers, particularly in sectors where health impacts may not otherwise be considered. HIA, a systematic assessment of potential health impacts of proposed public polices, programs, and projects, offers a means to advance population health by bringing public health research to bear on questions of public policy. In Korea, health-related items under current EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) system can only be found in the categories of hygiene and public health. However, environment and public health are not adequately connected and also health is underestimated even though health is an important objective component for the implementation of Environmental Assessments (EA). As a result, health is not well integrated within criteria for investigating the impacts on environment. This study examines linkages for HIA from the related and relatively well-developed field of Prior Environmental Review System (PERS) which is similar to SEA and EIA in Korea.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.171-188
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• 2003

Environmental Impact Assessment(ElA) in Korea has been used to improve environmental conservation and decision-making since environmental impact statement(EIS) was introduced in 1981 with the promulgation of the Environmental Preservation Act in 1977. which replaoed the Pollution Control Act legislated in 1%3. Together with a rapid growth of environmental perception as well as the diversification of development activities, however, it has recently bring about a strong demand for a new assessment process related to the strategic level of policies, plan, programs. In order to overcome such a limit in ElA system, Prior Environmental Review System(PERS) was introduced for assessment of administrative plans mainly concerned with development projects in 1993. In 1999. the regulations for PERS have been established by an amendment of the Basic Environmental Policy Act.Therefore the foundation of EIA system to integrate environmental concerns in planning processes and project works has been refonned. However the results of the execution of PERS were somewhat insuffident due to the institutional and technical matters. As the world's attention turns to sustainability and the considerations of cumulative effects, the concept of strategic envirorunental assessment(SEA) has taken on more significance and urgency and increasing number of countries and international organizations now undertake some form of SEA. The term SEA, however, is variously defined and understood, generally it means a formal process of systematic analysis of the envirorunental effects of development policies, plans, programmes and other proposed strategic actions. This process extends the aims and principles of EIA upstream in the decision-making process, beyond the project level and when major alternatives are still open. In this paper, we are discussing the significance of SEA and its relevance to EIA and the international trends and institutionalization of SEA. In conclusion we are discussing the comprehensive developing plan for SEA in Korea, then proposing a plan to make institutional arrangements for its application.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 2007

Urban streams have been severely degraded with wastewater and concrete structure over a prolonged period. The Chonggyecheon Restoration Project recovered a stream in the downtown Seoul with landscaping, plantings and bridges after the cover concrete and elevated asphalt road were removed. The project has been criticized partly because it is not an ecological restoration but rather the development of an urban park with an unnaturally straight flowing stream, artificial building structures, and artificial water pumping from the Han River. Nevertheless, the public have praised the project and almost 100,000 visitors per day come to see the reeds, catfish, and ducks. The stream restoration project is attractive to central and regional government decision makers because it increases the public concern of landscape amenity. Several projects such as Sanjichon and Kaeumjungchon are on going and proposed. These projects have a common and different respect in scope and procedure. The Chonggyecheon project in the process of environmental impact assessment (EIA) and prior environmental review system (PERS) reviewed the environmental impacts before development. Kaeumjungchon in the PERS and Sanjichon without EIA and PERS are reviewed. EIA and PERS systems contribute to checking the ecological sustainability of the restoration projects. A stream restoration project is a very complex task, so an integrated approach from plan to project is needed for ecologically sound restoration. Ecological stream restoration requires 1) an assessment of the entire stream ecosystem 2) establishing an ecologically sound management system of the stream reflecting not only benefits for people but also flora and fauna; 3) developing the site-specific design criteria and construction techniques including habitat restoration, flood plains conservation, and fluvial management; 4) considering the stream watershed in land use plan, EIA, PERS, and strategic environmental assessment (SEA). Additionally the process needs to develop the methodologies to enhance stakeholder's participation during planning, construction, and monitoring.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.244-259
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• 2015

환경영향평가법 개정으로 전략환경영향평가가 도입되어 대상계획을 15개 정책계획과 86개 개발기본계획 체계로 개편하여 시행하였지만 최근 평가 대상계획의 확대에 대한 논의가 국가 환경영향평가 정책의 중요한 이슈이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 각국의 법령이나 지침에 제시된 전략환경평가 대상계획을 비교하여 대상계획에 포함되어야 하는 계획들을 제안하고자 한다. 총 10개국의 전략환경평가 대상계획을 조사하였으며, 대상계획이 법령이나 지침에 명시되어 있는 독일, 프랑스, 이탈리아, 영국 및 네덜란드의 사례들을 우리나라 전략환경영향평가 대상계획과 비교하였다. 본 연구를 통해 다수 국가의 연방수준 계획에 포함되어 있으며 환경에 상당한 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되는 도시계획 분야와 에너지계획 분야의 상위계획 중 광역도시계획, 도시 군 기본계획, 에너지기본계획, 전력수급기본계획들을 전략환경영향평가 대상계획에 포함할 것을 제안하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.467-483
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• 2007

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a kind of planning technique to seek ways to minimize environmental impact, a scheme to encourage sustainable development. With the launch of the Ministry of Environment in 1980, the EIA was introduced in Korea. Its full operation was initially driven by regulations on documenting EIA reports in 1981, which was piloted as a decision-making scheme where final decision were made at the development department after considering opinions suggested by the Ministry of Environment. At that time, dominance of the economic logic overwhelmed environ-friendly opinions, but thanks to the fourth revision of the Environmental Conservation Law in 1986, private projects came to be included on the EIA list. This was a turning point for the EIA to become a regulatory system. Local governments are also conducting the EIA regardless of the national-level EIA. In order to prevent and resolve increasingly severe environmental problems in Seoul in advance due to various construction projects, the Seoul Metropolitan Government, for the first time as a local government in Korea, legislated city decrees to introduce the EIA which has been underway from September 1, 2002. In particular, the Seoul government, unlike the Ministry of Environment, has included construction works on the list of evaluation projects, adopting the scoping and screen procedure scheme. In addition, complementing operational setbacks, the city government has revised and implemented decrees and enforcement laws on the Impact Assessment on Environment, Transportation and Disasters by shortening the consultation period, eliminating the submission of reports on construction, and expanding the waiver requirements in consultation over the reports. Therefore, development measures for the EIA scheme of the Seoul Metropolitan Government will be the target of the research. To that end, the up-to-date data of the Ministry of Environment, the Seoul government and local governments was collected, and latest materials from the EU, previous research and the Internet were gathered for analyses. By doing so, the flow of the EIA was reviewed, and the EIA schemes of local governments under the national EIA were analyzed. Furthermore, based on the Seoul government's recent data on the EIA based on the decrees, the background and legislation of the Seoul government's EIA were analyzed along with the developments for the environmental organizations. Setbacks were derived from the implementation period, evaluation procedures, consultation period and details of the EIA, and corresponding development measures were proposed.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.411-424
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• 2011

Over the past three decades, Korea has undertaken a series of reforms to improve development policy, plans and programs, including measures to mainstream the environment across all major sectors. Despite of these efforts, there has been still the lack of capacity to fully assess the environmental impacts as well as sustainable implications of development projects and strategies. At the level of regional and sectoral development plans, the development of strategic environmental assessment SEA systems continues to remain at a relatively early stage in the region with fewer examples of fully operational processes or effective practice. This study shows a further information to our understanding of the EIA and SEA systems and their implementation in Korea. It affords a number of insights into strengths and weaknesses of the current action in different countries, and identifies an agenda of needs and options for capacity building for implementing the EIA enactment.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2019

북극권에는 미개발된 막대한 에너지·자원이 매장되어 있다. 지구온난화로 인해 북극 항로의 이용이 가능해지고, 자원개발에 대한 관심이 높아짐에 따라 극지 인접국들과 선진국들은 국가적 차원에서 북극권 개발과 건설 사업을 활발히 추진하고 있다. 동시에 북극권 자원 개발과 자원 이송에 따른 환경오염 문제도 꾸준히 제기되어 왔다. 오늘날 환경 문제는 북극권 개발사업의 비용뿐 아니라, 사업 자체의 성공 여부에 중대한 영향을 미치고 있다. 따라서 북극권 자원 개발사업을 위해서는 에너지·자원 개발 및 이송과 관련된 기술 확보와 함께 환경영향평가(Environmental Impact Assessment, EIA)에 대한 전략 수립이 반드시 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 북극권 자원 개발 시, 고려해야 할 환경영향평가의 특성과 절차를 살펴보고, 그에 필요한 정보를 체계적으로 관리하기 위한 시스템 구축 방안을 고찰하였다. 본 시스템은 북극권 환경영향평가에 필요한 정보 데이터베이스와 그를 활용하는 응용시스템으로 구성되며, 북극권 자원 개발사업을 위한 전략수립 등을 위하여 활용될 것으로 기대된다.