• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.20 no.1_2
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• pp.485-489
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• 2006

In this paper, we slightly improve the Baby-step Giant-step for certain elliptic curves. This method gives the running time improvement of $200\%$ in precomputation (Baby-step) and requires half as much storage as the original Baby-step Giant-step method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.148-159
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• 1988

For the evaluation of physical assessment by school nurses, this study was designed in two steps physical assessment. The first step is the primary health screening by school health nurses. The second step is the Physicians' physical examination of ill health students selected by school nurses. This study was conducted on a total of 3,525 students of three primary schools located in urban, township, and rural area during the period from May to June, 1987, all data were collected through direct observation & survey method. The main findings are as follows 1. The number of ill health students selected by two step method was more than that of one step method by the physician. 2. The types of ill health students selected by two step method had more diversity than that of one step method by the physician. 3. Budgets and time consumption for two step method were more reductive than that of one step method by the physician.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1239-1243
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• 2007

Autonomous Station Control System is automatic route control system of large-scale station. The system has flexibility of system step-by-step construction and expandability. A method of step-by-step construction for Autonomous Station Control System has system expansion and subsystem software expansion. The system has autonomous controllability and autonomous coordinability for system step by step construction. With property for a basis, each of subsystem communicates data field. Also, Each subsystem has its own management system, Autonomous Data Manager to manage itself and coordinate with the others. This paper make clear test method for Autonomous Station Control System expansion and software expansion. The first test method of system increasing construction is single station construction test. The second of method is connecting test the neighbor's Autonomous Station Control System. The third of method is connecting test the Autonomous Line Management System. Also, the test method of software expansion take the case of route control subsystem.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 2012

Solution of glycerol, ethylene glycol, sucrose, dextrose (GESD) and cryotop methods were carried out to investigate the survivability on vitrification of embryos. Embryos cultured in vitro were vitrified by GESD of 10 or 8 step and cryotop methods of 6 step, from cryopreservation step to frozen-thawed and culture step. Survival rate and ICM, TE cells of embryos were investigated after frozen-thawed 24 h. As a results, cryotop method was significantly (p<0.05) higher ($85.76{\pm}5.3$ vs. $66.71{\pm}2.4$, $44.80{\pm}2.1%$) than GESD 10 or 8 step methods on survivability. Also, In ICM cell number, cryotop method was significantly (p<0.05) higher to $45.67{\pm}4.7$ cells than GESD 8 step method. TE cell number was significantly (p<0.05) highest to $111.00{\pm}11.0$ cells in cryotop method. On the other hand, survival rate, TE and total cell number were all the significantly (p<0.05) high, except ICM in GESD 10 step method between GESD 10 step method and GESD 8 step method. In conclusion cryotop method was to be most effective, but it is considered necessary to study vitrification method for step-by-step freezing and thawing process.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• v.28 no.3_4
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• pp.773-781
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• 2010

Recently, Yun [8] proposed a new three-step iterative method with the fourth-order convergence for solving nonlinear equations. By using his ideas, we develop a general form of multi-step iterative methods with higher order convergence for solving nonlinear equations, and then we study convergence analysis of the multi-step iterative methods. Lastly, some numerical experiments are given to illustrate the performance of the multi-step iterative methods.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.65-74
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• 1995

Direct method developed for the inelastic analysis of planar frames subjected to monotonic loads is extended to cyclic loads. Two frame elements for Direct Method(inelastic truss and inelastic beam) are developed. The accuracy and reliability of the preposed method is verified by comparing the analysis results of example with step-by-step analysis. Direct Method is superior to Step-by-step analysis in view of reliability of solution and analysis cost.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1712-1717
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• 1997

Stability and accuracy for the trapezoidal rule of the Newmark time integration method are analyzed when variable time step sizes are adopted. A new analytic approach to stability and accuracy analysis is also proposed for time integration methods with variable time step sizes. The trapezoidal rule with variable time step sizes has the "actual" unconditional stability which is the same as that of the method with constant time step sizes. However, the method with variable time step sizes is first-order accurate while the method with constant time step sizes is second-order accurate. accurate.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.780-788
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to compare the apical seal following root canal shaping by different methods. From fourty extracted mandibular 1st and 2nd molars, fourty mesial roots whose canals have some degree of curvature were selected. The mesiobuccal root portion including mesiobuccal portion of a crown was sectioned in each molar. After access cavity preparation for the mesiobuccal canal, working length was determined with # 10 K-file. The sectioned roots were implanted in acrylic resin block and randomly divided into four groups. The canals of group I were shaped by step-down/balanced force, group II by stepdown/step-back, group III by step-back and group IV by conventional method. All of the shaped canals were obturated by Thermafil method and access cavities were filled with IRM. The roots were removed from acrylic resin block and placed in 100 % humidity for 7days. Except the root surfaces of apical 2mm, the root surfaces were nail-varnished 3 times. After the roots were placed in 700 torr vacuum pressure for 15 minutes, they were immersed in 2% methylene blue solution for 4 days. Nail varnishes were removed with acetone. After that, the roots were decalcified in 5 % nitric acid and dehydrated with alcohol series. Transparent specimens were made by methyl salicylate and the quality of apical seal was assessed by measuring the leakage linearly. The results were as follows. 1. The leakage in canals shaped by step-down/balanced force method was significantly less than that in canals shaped by step-back method(P<0.05) and was less but not statistically than that in canals shaped by step-down/step-back method (P>0.05). 2. The leakage in canals shaped by step-down/step-back method was less than that in canals shaped by step-back method, but there was no statistical significance(P>0.05). 3. The leakage in canals shaped by conventional method was significantly more than that in canals shaped by step-down/balanced force, step-down/step-back and step-back method (P<0.05).

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.351-358
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• 2010

In the automatic non-invasive blood pressure measurement device, the oscillometric method iswidely used. In the oscillometric method, the step-wise deflation has the advantage of the robustness for the motion artifacts than the linear deflation method. But it has the disadvantage of its longer measurement time because we need to detect two or more pulses in a certain cuff pressure step. In this study, we suggest the modified step-wise deflation method to overcome this limitation while maintaining the general concept of step-wise deflation. Using one valid pulse in each step and the deflating valve control during the diastolic period, the measurement time could be reduced. In order to verify the accuracy of the proposed algorithm, we compared the blood pressure values from the suggested method and the blood pressure values from the conventional auscultation method. The mean and standard deviation were -0.50${\pm}$5.3mmHg and 2.08${\pm}$4.75mmHg, for systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively. The measurement time can be reduced up to the half of conventional step-wise deflation method.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 2013

Purpose: The Immunotech AFP is a widely used test in 14 hospitals(RIA QC establishments: 46) as a liver tumor marker. Normally, the test takes 45 minutes including complicated 2 step method. We evaluated the possibility of 1 step method and suitable test time. Materials and Methods: Samples of 31 patients in SNUBH were used as subject. We evaluated the sensitivity, intra and inter assay precision, recovery rate, linearity between 1 step and 2 step method (45 min. and 60 min.). Results: Both of 45 minutes and 60 minutes test showed 0.1 ng/mL sensitivity. In 45 minutes test, the intra assay coefficients of variation were 3.05%, 3.43%, 1.68%. Also, inter assay coefficients of variation were 3.91%, 2.38%, 0.82%. In 60 minutes test, the intra assay were 5.00%, 3.69%, 1.97%, inter assay were 3.14%, 3.71%, 1.85%.The correlation coefficient of each 2 step and 1 step (45 min.), 2 step and 1 step(60 min.), 1 step (45 min.) and 1 step (60 min.) were y=0.9293x+2.7356 ($R^{2}=0.9999$), y=0.9193x+4.1002 ($R^{2}=0.9993$), y=0.9894x+1.3805 ($R^{2}=0.9997$). Conclusion: Compared 1step method to 2 step method, both method showed very reasonable precision, recovery rate and correlation coefficient. Also, 1 step method(45 min.) of correlation coefficient ($R^2$) was 0.999. We suggest that 1 step method test can reduce the test time and is useful for AFP test.