• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.37-46
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• 2014

Industrialization and urbanization have led automobiles to transform into more than just modes of transportation; they have become daily necessities as well as extensions of living spaces where a variety of activities can be done and automotive applications of the latest information technology are accelerated. Though material abundance has increased in the modern society, the conflicts and the stress emerging from a social structure focused on competition have increased as well. Such lifestyles generate a need for personal space and media content for healing the body and the mind. This research explores the automotive application of video content with the goal of refreshing the minds of the passengers. To this end, previous studies have investigated the emotional effect of videos, focusing on the responses of diverse groups of adults (age group of 20 to 60) who frequently used automobiles, which had video displays installed in them. The results showed that watching video contents on a full window inside a car influenced the creation of positive feelings7 and emotional satisfaction. The research attempts to study the methods of providing video contents and the effects of watching them that could aid the emotional well-being of passengers, and presents the possibility of emotional satisfaction created by a convergence of cars and multimedia contents in the future.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.548-558
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• 2014

EMP(Electromagnetic Pulse) protection facility was evaluated according to standard of shielding effectiveness. To comply with the standard, transmitting antenna was placed on outside of protection facility and receiving antenna was placed on inside of protection facility. However, measurement is impossible that place does not have enough space between protection facility and external concrete structure. In this paper, we performed a various of tests that put transmitting antenna inside the EMP protection facility in order to find out test method for measuring the shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic wave. Transmitting antenna was placed on inside of the EMP protection facility for measuring the shielding effectiveness to compare and analyze the impact of the position regarding to the transmitting and receiving antenna. As a result of test, in case that transmitting antenna was placed on inside of the EMP protection facility, it was found that test frequency range 10 kHz~1 GHz were occurred overall average difference of ${\pm}4$ dB level.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.86-92
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• 2012

Point estimate method has a less accuracy than Monte Carlo simulation that is usually considered as an exact probabilistic method, but this method still remains popular in probability-based reliability assessment in geotechnical and rock engineering, because it significantly reduce the number of sampling points and produces the statistical moments of a performance function in a reasonable accuracy. In the present study, we investigated the accuracy and applicability of point estimate methods proposed by Rosenblueth and Zhou & Nowak by comparing the results of these two methods with those of Monte Carlo simulations. The comparison was carried out for the problem of a lined circular tunnel in an elastic medium where an closed-form analytical solution is given. The comparison results showed that despite the non-linearity of the analytical solution, the statistical moments calculated by the point estimate methods and the Monte Carlo simulations agreed well with an average error of roughly 1-2%. This average error demonstrates the applicability of the two point estimate methods for the probabilistic reliability assessment of underground structures in combination with numerical analysis.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.651-658
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• 2012

This paper concentrates on the evaluation of microcracks in thermal damaged concrete on the basis of the nonlinear ultrasonic modulation technique. Since concrete structure exposed to high temperature accompanies the development of microcracks due to the physical and chemical changes from temperature and exposed time, the adoption of nonlinear approach is required. Instead of using the conventional ultrasonic nondestructive methods which have the limitation in evaluating excessive microcracks, accordingly, a nonlinear ultrasonic modulation method which shows better sensitivity in quantifying microcracks is introduced. Upon the analysis for the modulation of ultrasonic wave and low frequency impact to measure the nonlinearity parameter, which can be used as an indicator of thermal damage, the verification processes for the introduced technique are followed: SEM investigation and permeable pore space test are performed to characterize thermally induced microcracks in concrete, and ultrasonic pulse velocity tests are performed to confirm the outstanding sensitivity of nonlinear ultrasonic modulation technique. In advance, compressive strength of thermal damaged concrete is measured to represent the effect of microcracks on performance degradation. Correlation studies between experimental data and measured data show that nonlinear ultrasonic modulation technique can effectively be used to quantify thermally induced microcracks, and to estimate the compressive strength of thermally damaged concrete.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2012

In the current construction planning and designing process, an architectural miniature model was designed to verify the interior or exterior spatial sense of a building structure, but building of the miniature model is demand much more effort and time; in addition to this it has limitation to identify interior information of the building. For a complement of it, CAD would be used in the existing planning and designing process to visualize the building information, but its visualization is not satisfactory for the 3D volume which could be easily verified with the miniature model. CAD is the specific software for designing building structures and the 3D results are usually rendered on 2D monitor screen. Therefore, there is a shortage of cognitive immersion for the 3D space. In this paper, we introduce the conversion process of BIM shape data into the Augmented Reality contents by using a series of softwares. As a result of modification on construction plan or design we reduced the cost and time to reconstruct the final visualization. We have shown that the interior or exterior information of the building structures are easily visualized with BIM shape data on augmented reality environment. Several proposed interaction methods, such as rem oval of building components, and slice-cut operation, provide the user for the effective manipulation of models on the augmented reality environment.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.51-59
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• 2019

This study aims to examine the design and construction methods of movable Pavilions. Through the literature analysis, the setting up of the construction background, location and direction, size and composition, materials and construction methods were analyzed. The results are as follows; First, the movable pavilion is designed to enjoy a wide range of views. It was a creation that reflected the way in which the ideal life was pursued based on the experience of enjoying scenery rather than owning one's own house and running a pavilion. Second, the formation of movable pavilion was intended to enjoy the scenery by season without restrictions on time and place. It can also relieve the hassle of having to move tools to enjoy the wind every time. Third, the movable pavilion faces to a place with good scenery and determines its position and direction. Most of them were built on a small scale and divided the space for viewing the scenery, playing GO(Baduk), writing poems, and playing musical instruments. Also, wood was used mainly. To reduce the load, roofs and walls were constructed with light materials such as bamboo, straw, thick sheet of oil, and cotton cloth. The construction method was mainly used by the method of fastening for easy coupling and dismantling. When a building was constructed on the upper part of a ship or cart, the wooden structure of a regular pavilion was constructed. Fourth, when comparing the design and construction characteristics of ordinary pavilion and movable pavilion, the movable pavilion is easy to see for contrast purposes, so there is no limit to setting the location and direction. Instead, more stringent systems and techniques were called for, because as mobility forces should be considered, structurally measures to withstand loads, and they should satisfy their function and form as pavilion.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.502-508
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• 2011

Synthesis of $Nd_{2x}Cd_{2-3x}SiO_4$ ($0.01{\leq}x{\leq}0.21$) [S1-S3: x=0.01, 0.11 and 0.21] solid solutions were prepared by solgel method. Powder x-ray diffraction (XRD) results show monoclinic unit cell with space group P21/m. The average crystallite sizes are found to be 20 to 45 nm. The Scanning Electron Microcopy (SEM) images show morphology of the sample is in globular nature. The energy dispersive analysis of x-rays (EDX) and X-ray mapping results confirmed that all the constituent elements of the composites were present and that were distributed in uniformly. The optical absorption band at ~750 nm was due to $^4I_{9/2}{\rightarrow}^4F_{7/2}+^4S_{3/2}$ transition optically active $Nd^{3+}$ ions. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) lineshapes of S1-S3 at 10, 40, 77 and 300 K show a broad unresolved isotropic lineshapes were observed due to rapid spin lattice relaxation of $Nd^{3+}$.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.63 no.6
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• pp.453-458
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• 2019

Synthesis of ZnCo₂O₃ oxide is performed by sol-gel method via nitrate-citrate route. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) study shows monoclinic unit cell having lattice parameters: a = 5.721(1) Å, b = 8.073(2) Å, c = 5.670(1) Å, β = 93.221(8)°, space group P_2/m and Z = 4. Average crystallite sizes determined by Scherrer equation are the range ~14-32 nm, whereas SEM micrographs show nano-micro meter size particles formed in ZnCo₂O₃. Endothermic peak at ~798 K in the Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) trace without weight loss could be due to structural transformation and the endothermic peak ~1143 K with weight loss is due to reversible loss of O₂ in air atmosphere. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis profile shows the presence of elements Zn, Co and O which indicates the purity of the sample. Magnetic measurements in the range of +12 kOe to -12 kOe at 10 K, 77 K, 120 K and at 300 K by PPMS-II Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS) shows hysteresis loops having very low values of the coercivity and retentivity which indicates the weakly ferromagnetic nature of the oxide. Observed X-band EPR isotropic lineshapes at 300 K and 77 K show positive g-shift at g_iso ~2.230 and g_iso ~2.217, respectively which is in agreement with the presence of paramagnetic site Co²⁺(3d⁷) in the oxide. DC conductivity value of 2.875 ×10^-8 S/cm indicates very weakly semiconducting nature of ZnCo₂O₃ at 300 K. DRS absorption bands ~357 nm, ~572 nm, ~619 nm and ~654 nm are due to the d-d transitions ⁴T_1g(⁴F)→²E_g(²G), ⁴T_1g(⁴F)→⁴T_1g(⁴P), ⁴T_1g(⁴F)→⁴A_2g(⁴F), ⁴T_1g(⁴F)→⁴T_2g(⁴F), respectively in octahedral ligand field around Co²⁺ ions. Direct band gap energy, E_g~ 1.5 eV in the oxide is obtained by extrapolating the linear part of the Tauc plot to the energy axis indicates fairly strong semiconducting nature of ZnCo₂O₃.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.112-123
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• 2011

This study focused on developing strategies of cyber-compact city, combining compact city with information and communications technologies(ICTs), in order to enhance sustainable transportation. The cyber-compact city development is defined as a development that is able to reduce travel by ICTs and encourage people to use transit or non-motorized vehicles such as bicycles for ICT-induced travel (especially, discretionary travel) by compact and mixed land use. It can be achieved with combining cyber and compact strategies with respect to network, node, and area. For example, ICT network may use transit network facility, a transfer station may be a hub of ICTs, and transit influenced zone may work with ICT service area. We proposed three cohesive strategies for the cyber-compact city based on literature review and case studies on cyber and compact cities. The first strategy is a cohesion between public transportation and telecommunication network by centering on the two for national and urban spatial linkage structure. That is, cities or urban centers and its peripheral areas can be connected by rail network, and extra space of railway network can be used for constructing telecommunication network infrastructure. The second strategy is a cohesion between public transportation node and telecommunication node by building up regional and urban telecommunication centers near to or at main railway stations. For this strategy, telework centers and communication service centers should be established mainly at transfer stations. The third strategy is a cohesion between public transportation impact zone and telecommunication impact zone as transit oriented development.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.97-107
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• 2013

On the Staggered Crosswalks, pedestrians cross the crosswalks two times. This method can reduce the cycle, the vehicle delay and the walking distance by increasing the major direction of green time. The safety of pedestrians is also effective. This study suggests the warrant of the facilities of island width and length etc. by considering the road structure and pedestrians. Also this study suggests the standard of the safety through the accident analysis of Staggered crosswalks and General Crosswalks. In the results, accident rate of the Staggered Crosswalks 18.3(100 million vehicle-km) was lower than the accident rate of the General Crosswalks 28.3(100million vehicle-km). By understanding the start point of crossing of the Staggered Crosswalks, the analysis of the location and types of accident suggests the safety zone(spare space). The setting warrants of Staggered Crosswalks are 4 lane over the road and the 2 meter over sidewalk width of island. The minimum length of the Pedestrian island was doubled compared to the crosswalks width. And the maximum length was set by considering the wait time of the pedestrians.