• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.173-180
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• 1996

Generally, Hwabyung is more commen in older women, in low educational group. Many psychiatrists explain it as the illness originated from a series of psychological stresses. And they think that Hwabyung patients have somatization disorder, anxiety disorder, and, major depression. But, many of oriental medical doctors explain it as symptoms having the character of fire. In order to investigate the clinical aspects of Hwabyung, this study was carried out in department of oriental neuropsychiatry at Kyung Hee Medical Center. The subject was 34 year old female who was an inpatient in K.M.C from Aug. 14 Aug 26, 1996.The results of the study showed that familial problem and long-termed(about 10 years) stressed situation drove her to Hwabyung. This seems to be related to Korean traditional culture. That is, Korean women were exposured to familial problem(related to mother-in-law, and, her husband), and, poverty, etc. But they had to be patient of this situation. Nowadays, though this situation is rather improved, Hwabyung remains a problem with us, because many people still suffer from Hwabyung.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze and clarify the concept of shift work maladaptation syndrome and to facilitate development of interventions for the shift work adaptation. Methods: This study used Walker and Avant's concept analysis process. Results: Shift work maladaptation syndrome can be defined as the following attributes: 1) destruction of the circadian rhythm, 2) existence of a threshold, 3) individual characteristics (year of career, type of personality, and type of coping) 4) somatization, and 5) negative emotional conditions. The antecedents of shift work maladaptation syndrome consist of counterclockwise shift work, irregular shift cycle, night work which is breaking circadian rhythm, and lifestyle changing. The consequences as a result of shift work maladaptation syndrome are deterioration of health (gastrointestinal, neuro-psychic, cardiovascular function), reduction of social relationships, and turnover or resign. Conclusion: The results of this study can be useful as the foundation of shift work adaptation implementation.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was to examine the effect of postpartum exercise on mental health. Mental health comprises a 9 symptom dimension of Somatization, Obsessive-Compulsive, Interpersonal Sensitivity, Depression, Anxiety, Hostility, Phobic anxiety, Paranoid Ideation, and Psychoticism. Method: A non-equivalent pre-test, post-test control group study was conducted. Fifty-two puerperal women who were admitted to a postpartum ward of a mother-baby clinic in Pusan were recruited; 26 women were assigned to the experimental group and 26 women to the control group. Postpartum exercise was applied to the experimental group from postpartum day 3 for a period of 8 weeks while no exercise program was applied to the control group. Mental health with SCL-90-R was measured before and after exercise. Data was analyzed using mean, $x^2$-test, t-test, and ANOVA by SPSS 10.0. Result: The mental health status in the exercise group did not show a statistically significant decrease when compared to that of the control group. Conclusion: There is no effect of postpartum exercise on women's mental health during the first 8 weeks of the postpartum period. Further studies are needed for randomized clinical trials with a larger sample size.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to develop an employee's stress response scale (ESRS) and examine its validity and reliability. Methods : The study was conducted as follows : item generation, and test of validity and reliability. Items were developed via literature review, review of instruments, and data acquired from email-survey of counselors in the field of Employee Assistance Program (EAP). In order to test validity and reliability, data were collected from 400 employees. Results : The result of exploratory factor analysis of ESRS suggested 4 factor structures (work-related, anger, somatization, depression & anxiety) with a total of 25 items. ESRS showed a relatively strong positive correlation with Hospital Anxiety-Depression scale (HAD), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and Psychological Wellbeing Index (PWI), which showed ESRS had high convergent validity. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ and test-retest reliability was .95 and .610 respectively. Conclusion : The ESRS is reliable and valid brief scale for measuring stress responses of employees. This scale would be useful in quantitatively evaluating job stress in workplace.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.175-185
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• 1995

This study is to compare family support and mental health between the rural and the urban elderly. In order to do that I collected the data through questioning 238 people in 3 urban areas in Busan and 201 people in 9 rural areas near Daegu. The degree of their family support is 36.70 on the average in the rural area and 40.77 in the urban area. The degree of family support of urban elderly is a little higher. According to general characters between the differences of family support in both areas, in the rural area there are differences in sex, age, whether they have a spouse or not, education level, financial state, number of children, number of co living, status of co living, subjective health status, amount of pocket money and how much they are participating in leisure activity. In the urban area there are differences in sex, whether they have a spouse or not, religion, financial state, number of co living, status of co living, subjective health status, amount of pocket money, how much they are participating in leisure activity and house pattern. In the stepwise multiple regression analysis the main variables that affect degree of family support in the rural area are age, whether they have a spouse or not and financial state which account for 33% of the total variance and in the urban area are subjective health status, financial state, whether they have a spouse or not and number of co-living which account for 35%. Health status is better in the urban area(average 36.87) than in the rural area(57.42). In each item the people whose mark was more than 75%(low) have Depression 8.4%, Somatization 8.0% in the urban area and Somatization 8.5%, Depression 8.5%, Anxiety 4.0%, Phobic anxiety 4.0%, Obsessive compulsive reaction 2.5%, Hostility 2.0%, Paranoid ideation 2.0%, Psychoticism 1.5% and Interpersonal sensitivity 1.5% in the rural area. In the mental health condition, on the basis of 4 points in both areas, the average is Somatization(rural : 1.69, urban : 1.51), Depression (rural : 1.64, urban : 1.37) and Obsessive compulsive reaction(rural : 1.33, urban : 0.99). According to the differences between mental health conditions by general characters, in the rural area the differences are presented in sex, age, whether they have a spouse or not, religion, education level, financial state, number of children, status of co living, subjective health status, amount of pocket money and how much they are participating in leisure activity, in the urban area the differences are presented in sex, whether they have a spouse or not, religion, financial state, number of co living, status of co living, subjective health status, house pattern, amount of pocket money and how much they are participating in leisure activity. In the stepwise multiple regression analysis the main variables that affect mental health condition in the rural are family support degree subjective health status, religion sex, age and financial state which account for 43% of the total and in the urban area are family support degree, subjective health status and financial state which account for 51%. In the matter of family support degree and mental health condition the rural area was -0.4555, of urban area was -0.6446. The rural area that has a high percentage in family support degree and mental health condition Depression was -0.5036, Psychoticism was -0.4265 in the urban area Psychoticism was -0.6452, Depression was -0.5955. Family support has a great influence on mental health of old people and family support and mental health condition can be different according to living area. So in their problems nursing intervention through family and nursing strategies according to living area should be established.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.409-418
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to verify the causal relationship between the smartphone addiction proneness, mental health, and impulsiveness of high school students in Korea. 804 first and second year high school students participated in the survey that included the Smartphone addiction scale, Korean Brief Mental Diagnosis Exam - the highest 25% of total score (Addictive SmartPhone Use Group : ASPUG 213 persons), the lowest 25% of total score(Non-Addictive SmartPhone Use Group : NASPUG 204 persons), BIS-II Impulsiveness Scale and additional questions asking for demographical characteristics. The outcomes of this study were as follows. First, sex, grade of high school, academic accomplishment, student's satisfaction with school life, monthly allowance, the level of parental respect, having a opposite sex friend were related to smartphone addiction and impulsiveness. Second, ASPUG had worse mental health and impulsiveness than NASPUG, and the difference was statistically significant. Third, Students showed higher levels of mental health 9 subareas - anxiety, depression, phobic anxiety, Somatization, obsessive compulsive, interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, Paranoid ideation, Psychosis as their smartphone use increased.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.602-612
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify type of anger expression and mental health in middle aged women. Methods: From August to October 2005, survey data were collected by using the State Trait Anger Expression Inventory and Symptom Check List-90-Revision (SCL). Participants (1,442) were classified into four types of anger expression by K-mean cluster analysis. For collecting interview data for content analysis, 18 participants (4-5 participants from each type of anger expression) were recruited. The interview data were collected between March and September 2006. Results: The average score of the state anger of middle-aged women was 11.95, and that of the trait anger was 18.75. The average anger expression scores were 12.72 for Anger-In, 13.45 for Anger-Out, and 18.51 for Anger-Control. The average SCL scores were 45.03 for somatization, 42.23 for obsessive-compulsiveness, 42.44 for interpersonal sensitivity, 42.45 for depression, 42.40 for anxiety, 42.62 for hostility, 44.44 for phobic anxiety, 43.65 for paranoid ideation, and 43.08 for psychoticism. The anger expression types identified in this study were 1) anger-out in secret, 2) anger-control with a patience, 3) anger-out with suppression, and 4) low anger expression type. The psychosomatic symptom scores were the highest in type III (anger-out with suppression), and the lowest in type IV (low anger expression type). Conclusion: This study can be helpful in assisting middle aged women to control their anger effectively and may contribute to the improvement of their mental health.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.61-71
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence, subtypes and risk factors of irritable bowel syndrome by ROME-III among Korean university students. Methods: This study was descriptive survey research. The sampls were 796 and variables were measured by structured questionaire. Rome-III criteria was used for diagnosis of IBS. The gathered data were analyzed with %, $x^2$-test, t-test, logistic regression by SPSS win 17.0. Results: The students with IBS were 61 (7.7%) and the most of the subtype was IBS-M (42.6%). Meal (times/day), breakfast, stress, quality of sleep, neuroticism, bodily pain, general health, social function, role emotional restriction, mental health, somatization, obcessive-compulsive state, depression, anxiety, hostility, global severity index, positive symptom distress index, positive symptom were significantly different between IBS group and non-IBS group. The prevalence of IBS was low in the higher score of role emotional in general health state. There were more 2 times students who had score of the obsessive-compulsive in psychological health over the 50 than below the 50 in IBS group. Conclusion: 7.7% of students were diagnosed by Rome-III criteria and the most of the sybtype was IBS-M. The risk factors of IBS were role emotional restriction, obsessive-compulsive state.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.330-342
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• 2013

Objectives This study was to examine the differences on alexithymia, rumination, depression and somatic symptoms by each Sasang constitution, and aimed at combining the psychological construct with Korean medical treatment. Methods One hundred eighty men and women aged from 20 to 69 who reside in Geoje-si were selected, and data from 173 people consisting of the three constitutions-Soyangin(39), Taeeumin(83), and Soeumin(51), excepted the minority sample of Taeyangin(7 people)-were analyzed. Collected data were analyzed and tested by IBM SPSS Statistics 20: frequency analysis for demographic data; t-test for gender differences; one-way ANOVA for differences among three constitutions; and Pearson correlation analysis for the correlation between variables. Results The result of t-test taken for the gender differences between variables was not significant. According to the result of one-way ANOVA conducted by different Sasang constitutions, no variables showed a significant result except that of alexithymia. The correlation analysis showed that the alexithymia had positive correlation with rumination, depression, and somatic symptoms. Rumination was in positive correlation with depression and somatic symptoms. Especially, depression had high positive correlation with somatization symptoms. Among the variables analyzed by each constitution, only the survey result of the alexithymia was significant. Conclusions Given that each constitution showed different levels of the alexithymia, it can be concluded that therapeutic intervention in the treatment for the Taeeumin who shows a high level of alexithymia is needed to improve their emotional recognition and expression. In this context, application of program which focus on the emotional ability such as emotion coaching to the Korean medical treatment is expected to improve alexithymia, depression, and somatic symptoms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to find out the relationship between self-esteem and mental health in Middle school students, and provided basic data to develop a nursing program for the prevention of mental disease and the promotion of mental health in adolescence. Subjects were 153 students in the third year of three middle schools located in K city. Instruments used in this study were the self-esteem questionnaire developed by Choi, B. K. & Jun, G. Y.(1993) and the simplified SCL-90 developed by Lee, H. K.(1986) for measuring mental health. Data were analyzed by Cronbach's alpha, descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient by using SPSS/PC+ program. It was found that the mean score of the self-esteem was 3.20. The score of self-esteem in family was high and the score of self-esteem in school was low. The mean score of mental health was 1.94. The scores of depression, obsessive-compulsive and interpersonal sensitivity were high, the scores of phobic anxiety and somatization were low. There were significant differences among religions (F=2.709, p= .032), and between personalities (t=-2.285, p= .024) with respect to self esteem. There were no significant differences between general characteristics variables and mental health. However there was significant negative correlation between the mean self-esteem score and the mean mental health score (r=-.431, p= .000). In conclusion, mental health is strongly related to self-esteem. If and adolescent who suffers from mental health is not received proper treatment, his or her mental health prohibits him from managing sound social life even after grown-up. Thus, nursing intervention in adolescence should be developed to enhance the self-esteem of adolescence and to help him raise sound mind.