• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.75-86
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• 2024

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an occupational therapy program on the school readiness, focusing on adaptation skills and daily life skills, in children with developmental delays. Methods : The study involved a boy with developmental delay, aged 5 years and 8 months. The program was conducted twice a week, with a total of 8 sessions spread over 4 weeks. The Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM) was employed, targeting class preparation and use of the toilet. Pre-post tests and follow-up evaluations were carried out to compare changes. Data analysis involved video recordings of the subject's performance. Results : The COPM results indicated improvements in both the performance and satisfaction levels for class preparation and toilet use. Processing skills showed seven improvements in class preparation and eight improvements in toilet use during post-testing. Activity performance observations further confirmed improvements in both class preparation and toilet use during post-test and follow-up evaluations. Conclusion : Occupational therapy improves school readiness (adaptation skill, daily living activity skill) for children with developmental delays, and has a positive effect on overall school readiness.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.235-244
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• 2024

This study is a descriptive exploratory research aimed at identifying factors influencing the health-related quality of life(HRQOL) in middle-aged and senior-aged patients with complex chronic diseases. The study participants were extracted from the Korean Medical Panel annual data. A total of 2,408 patients, with two or more chronic diseases were included. The data were analyzed using STATA 15.0 software through descriptive statistics, t-tests, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression analysis. The research findings indicate that in middle-aged patients, educational level, household income, economic activity, stress, experience of despair, and basic needs satisfaction positively influence health-related quality of life. On the other hand, types of medical insurance, depressive feelings, and suicidal ideation exert a negative impact. In the case of senior-aged patients, positive influences on health-related quality of life were observed for educational level, household income, economic activity, alcohol consumption, stress, experience of despair, and basic needs satisfaction. Conversely, negative influences were noted for marital status, types of medical insurance, depressive feelings, and suicidal ideation. Therefore, in order to enhance the HRQOL for middle-aged and senior-aged patients with complex chronic diseases, tailored policies considering individual and age-specific characteristics should be formulated.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.1-21
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• 2017

The Internet of Things (IoT) analysis aims to verify the technical characteristics, performance expectations, and adoption intentions of IoT. This work refers to IoT data from foreign and domestic publications and websites as well as aims to benefit related organizations by referring to reports from agencies. The literature review summarizes the relevant theories and background of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology. The SPSS 22.0 software and structural equation models (smart PLS 2.0) are used in the data analysis. Technical statistics analysis, reliability analysis, validity analysis, structural equation models, and statistical methods are employed to test the research hypotheses, that is, the technical characteristics of IoT will have positive effects on its performance expectations. This study introduces the characteristics and expected performance of IoT to present relevant IoT guidelines for companies that aim to adopt such technology.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.30-35
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• 2011

Purpose: The Boramae Hospital are currently using Wide beam reconstruction (WBR: UltraSPECT, Israel) to improve the resolution. The Xact-bone belongs to the WBR. It has been reported that Xact-bone helps us to improve image resolution and contrast. This study will be evaluated clinical usefulness of Xact-bone method. Materials and Methods: The usefulness evaluation of Xact-bone method was analyzed in resolution test and contrast ratio. The resolution test in Planar image were obtained from Full width at half maximum (FWHM) by using capillary tube. And the contrast ratio was obtained from Bone and Soft tissue (B/S) ratio values that were acquired from bone scan study of 50 patients before and after using the Xact-bone method. We prepared the Triple Line Source Phantom, NEMA IEC Body Phantom and Standard Jaszczak Phantom to acquire the FWHM and Contrast Ratio values of Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) image. Subsequently we compared among the Filtered backprojection (FBP), Orderd subset expectation maximization (OSEM) and Xact-Bone image. Results: The results of the planar Xact-bone data improved resolution about 20% by using capillary tube. In addition it was improved B/S ratio about 15%. When using Triple Line Source Phantom, SPECT Xact-bone data improved resolution for both FBP, OSEM methods about 20% and 10%, respectively. Contrast ratio in each spheres has also been increased for both methods that using NEMA IEC body Phantom and Standard Jaszczak Phantom. Conclusion: When we were using Xact-bone method, we could see to improve the resolution and Contrast ratio as compared to do not use the Xact-bone method. Accordingly, by using WBR's Xact-bone method is expected to improve the image quality. However, when introducing new software, it is needed to match the characteristics of the hospital protocol and clinical application.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.370-381
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• 2002

This study was performed to evaluate the temperature rise on various position of the Buchanan plugger, the peak temperature of plugger's type and the temperature change by its touching time of heat control spling. The heat carrier system 'System B' (Model 1005, Analytic Technologies, USA) and the Buchanan's plug-gers of F, FM, M and ML sizes are used for this study. The temperature was set to 20$0^{\circ}C$ which Dr. Buchanan's "continuous wave of condensation" technique recommended on digital display and the power level on it was set to 10. In order to apply heat on the Buchanan's pluggers, the heat control spring was touched for 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 seconds respectively. The temperature rise on the surface of the pluggers were measured at 0.5 mm intervals from tip to 20 mm length of shank using the infrared thermography (Radiation Thermometer-IR Temper, NEC San-ei Instruments, Ltd, Japan) and TH31-702 Data capture software program (NEC San-ei Instruments, Ltd, Japan). Data were analyzed using a one way ANOVA followed by Duncan's multiple range test and linear regression test. The results as follows. 1. The position at which temperature peaked was approximately at 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm far from the tip of Buchanan's pluggers (p<0.001). The temperature was constantly decreased toward the shank from the tip of it (p<0.001). 2. When the pluggerss were heated over 5 seconds, the peak temperature by time of measurement revealed from 253.3$\pm$10.5$^{\circ}C$ to 192.1$\pm$3.3$^{\circ}C$ in a touch for 1 sec, from 218.6$\pm$5.$0^{\circ}C$ to 179.5$\pm$4.2$^{\circ}C$ in a touch for 2 sec, from 197.5$\pm$3.$0^{\circ}C$ to 167.5$\pm$3.7$^{\circ}C$ in a touch for 3 sec, from 183.7$\pm$2.5$^{\circ}C$ to 159.8$\pm$3.6$^{\circ}C$ in a touch for 4 sec and from 164.9$\pm$2.$0^{\circ}C$ to 158.4$\pm$1.8$^{\circ}C$ in a touch for 5 sec. A touch for 1 sec showed the highest peak temperature, followed by, in descending order, 2 sec, 3 sec, 4 sec. A touch for 5 sec showed the lowest peak temperature (p<0.001). 3. A each type of pluggers showed different peak temperatures. The peak temperature was the highest in F type and followed by, in descending order, M type, ML type. FM type revealed the lowest peak temperature (p<0.001). The results of this study indicated that pluggers are designed to concentrate heat at around its tip, its actual temperature does not correlate well with the temperature which Buchanan's "continuous wave of condensation" technique recommend, and finally a quick touch of heat control spring for 1sec reveals the highest temperature rise.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.592-603
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• 2014

We developed various recipes of turmeric powder (Curcuma longa L.) added to milk bread and assessed the individual effects of seven ingredients [milk ($X_1$), turmeric powder ($X_2$), bread improver ($X_3$), fresh yeast ($X_4$), butter ($X_5$), sugar ($X_6$), and salt ($X_7$)] as well as the 2-way interaction effects of the ingredients on the sensory characteristics of breads using fractional factorial design method. The center and end points of each component were determined via literature review and multiple test baking. Seven trained sensory test panels evaluated the outside appearance (OA), inside appearance (IA), and flavor & texture (FT) of 38 breads using 46 items of sensory evaluation. Findings are as follows: for the OA, $X_1$ (P<0.05) and $X_4$ (P<0.0001) exhibited significant individual effects, whereas $X_1*X_7$, $X_2*X_5$, $X_3*X_6$, and $X_4*X_6$ indicated significant interaction effects (P<0.05). For the IA, $X_1$ (P<0.0001), $X_4$ (P<0.0001), $X_6$ (P<0.05), $X_2*X_4$ (P<0.05), and $X_3*X_6$ (P<0.01) showed individual and interaction effects, respectively. For the FT, $X_1$ and $X_2$ showed the most significant individual effect (P<0.0001), followed by $X_4$, $X_5$ and $X_6$ (P<0.05) in descending order. $X_4*X_7$ indicated the only significant interaction effect. We computed the magnitudes of the 2-way interaction effects of the ingredients with a distinct emphasis. Model equations predicting the levels of the ingredient effects on the breads were also provided via regression analyses. In summation, $X_4$ appeared to be the most significant component affecting the sensory characteristics based on its individual and 2-way interaction effects. Further, $X_6$, $X_1$, $X_2$, and $X_5$ indicated both individual and interaction effects. $X_3$ and X7 showed only interaction effects. The center point effect appeared to be unequivocal for whole sensory characteristics. Findings of the present study may provide insights into the selection of ingredients to derive an optimal model for turmeric powder-added bread using the response surface method hereafter.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.76-80
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• 2009

Purpose: The uptake of $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI increases in the parathyroid adenoma, hyperplasia, and carcinoma. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the results of the biopsy with quantitative analysis results in the localized parathyroid lesions (adenoma, hyperplasia, and carcinoma). Materials and Methods: From April 2002 to January 2009, double-phase $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI parathyroid scan (early 15 min, delayed 2 hrs) was performed after injection of 750 MBq of $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI in 27 diagnosed parathyroid patients (adenoma:15, hyperplasia:4, carcinoma:8). For quantitative analysis, early, delayed lesion to non-lesion ratios (L/NLs), washout rate (%, WR) and vertical axis were calculated. Results: In early images, lesion to non-lesion ratios were $1.53{\pm}0.41$ (adenoma), $1.38{\pm}0.27$ (hyperplasia) and $1.45{\pm}0.64$ (carcinoma). In delayed images, lesion to non-lesion ratios were $1.56{\pm}0.43$ (adenoma), $1.33{\pm}0.10$ (hyperplasia), $1.83{\pm}0.79$ (carcinoma). In vertical axis, the sizes were $2.11{\pm}0.67$ (adenoma), $2.23{\pm}0.75$ (hyperplasia) and $2.20{\pm}0.97$ (carcinoma). There was no statistical difference between lesion to non-lesion ratios and the size of vertical axis (p>0.05). However, washout rates were $31.59{\pm}13.97$ (adenoma), $37.8{\pm}5.69$ (hyperplasia), $17.73{\pm}11.02$ (carcinoma). As a result, there was a significant difference statistically between and that of carcinoma (p<0.05, p=0.028 by Kruskal-willis statistic, Dunn's Multiple comparison test SPSS Ver 12.0). Conclusions: There was no statistical difference between the lesion to non-lesion ratios and the size of vertical axis. However, there was a significant difference statistically between WR of hyperplasia and that of carcinoma.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.132-136
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• 2009

Purpose: WHO(world health organization) announced the FRAX Tool(fracture risk assessment) of new software in the beginning of 2008. FRAX Tool was considered various risk factor, being different from existing fracture risk. In this study, we wanted to know the fracture risk of following the changing of the risk factor of fracture. Materials and Methods: A total of 50 women aged 50~60 were studied. We measured BMD at the part of femur neck which was based on the age, weight, height of individual with GE, Lunar-prodigy. The control group is fracture risk without considering fracture risk factor. The experimental group is previous fracture, parent fracture, current smoking, glucocorticoid, rheumatoid arthritis, secondary osteoporosis, alcohol. if each items makes one 'existence', others are all 'nothing'. and the results produced major osteoporotic region and hip fracture risk in 10-years. Statistics used t-test of SPSS 12.0. Results: The average rate of increment of major osteoporotic region between control group and experimental group, previous fracture-74% increase, parent fracture-96% increase, current smoking-2% increase, glucocorticoid-61% increase, rheumatoid arthritis-29% increase, alcohol-20% increase, secondary osteoporosis-0.18% decrease. The average rate of increment of hip region between control group and experimental group, previous fracture-84% increase, parent fracture-5% increase, current smoking-72% increase, glucocorticoid-84% increase, rheumatoid arthritis-40% increase, alcohol-52% increase, secondary osteoporosis-1.69% decrease. Conclusions: Each fracture risk factor has different rate of increment between major osteoporotic and hip region while in occasion of the second osteoporosis it has little relation because of low P-value. We could know that a contribution of the risk factor is different between major osteoporotic and hip region.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.3-9
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• 2009

Purpose: It is well-known that stress-induced stunning and reversible perfusion defect have impact on ejection fraction (EF) when performing myocardial perfusion SPECT. Due to these reasons, gated SPECT is recommended at stress and rest studies. And there was many experiments to analyze between Stress and Rest EF by using $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI. The aim of this study is to analyze between stress EF and rest EF at myocardial perfusion SPECT by using $^{201}Tl$ and define possible predictors of EF variability. Materials and Methods: From 2008 June to 2009 February, we analyzed 144 patients undergoing $^{201}Tl$ gated myocardial perfusion SPECT in ASAN medical center. To analyze the data, we use QGS (Quantitative gated SPECT) software, and derived End-systolic volume (ESV), End-diastolic volume (EDV), EF from the result. In this study, we comparatively analyzed stress/rest EF correlation based on stress/rest EF, EDV, ESV and reversibility of myocardial perfusion defect by using paired t-test, Bland-Altman analysis. Results: Mached pairs of stress EF and rest EF demonstrated excellent correlation (r=0.92) with no statistically significant difference (p=0.11). Bland-Altman analysis demonstrated a mean ${\Delta}EF$ was 0.52% (95% confidential interval[CI], -1.17~0.12%). No statistically significant difference between a mean ${\Delta}EF$ and hypothetic mean of 0 (${\Delta}EF$=0) (p=0.10). In the correlation of ${\Delta}EF$ according to stress/rest EDV and ESV, except rest ESV of <28mL (p<0.05), there was no statistically significant difference. In the correlation of ${\Delta}EF$ according to reversibility of perfusion defect, patients with reversible perfusion defect has statistically significant difference of ${\Delta}EF$ (p<0.05). ${\Delta}EF$ of stress/rest EF showed no statistically significant difference except 55% of rest EF (p<0.05). Conclusion: Like studies with $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI, there was generally no statistically significant difference between stress and rest EF in this study results. However a stress EF of <55%, a rest ESV of <28mL and patients with reversible perfusion defect showed statistically significant difference in ${\Delta}EF$. If performing $^{201}T$ myocardial perfusion SPECT to patients with abnormal cardiac function or reversible perfusion defect, consider this study results and apply it. We expect this study results could be useful predictors of ${\Delta}EF$ variability.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.12
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• pp.4773-4780
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• 2014

Background: To investigate the effects of small interference RNA (siRNA) targeting BCR/ABL mRNA on proliferation and apoptosis in the K562 human chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cell line and to provide a theoretical rationale and experimental evidence for its potential clinical application for anti-CML treatment. Materials and Methods: The gene sequence for BCR/ABL mRNA was found from the GeneBank. The target gene site on the BCR/ABL mRNA were selected according to Max-Planck-Institute (MPI) and rational siRNA design rules, the secondary structure of the candidate targeted mRNA was predicted, the relevant thermodynamic parameters were analyzed, and the targeted gene sequences were compared with BLAST to eliminate any sequences with significant homology. Inhibition of proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay and colony-formation inhibiting test. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry (FCM) and the morphology of apoptotic cells was identified by Giemsa-Wright staining. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of BCR/ABL fusion protein in K562 cells after siRNA treatment. Results: The mRNA local secondary structure calculated by RNA structure software, and the optimal design of specific siRNA were contributed by bioinformatics rules. Five sequences of BCR/ABL siRNAs were designed and synthesized in vitro. Three sequences, siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786, which showed the most effective inhibition of K562 cell growth, were identified among the five candidate siRNAs, with a cell proliferative inhibitory rate nearly 50% after exposure to 12.5nmol/L~50nmol/L siRNA1384 for 24,48 and 72 hours. The 50% inhibitory concentrations ($IC_{50}$) of siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786 for 24hours were 46.6 nmol/L, 59.3 nmol/L and 62.6 nmol/L, respectively, and 65.668 nmol/L, 76.6 nmol/L, 74.4 nmol/L for 72 hours. The colony-formation inhibiting test also indicated that, compared with control, cell growth of siRNA treated group was inhibited. FCM results showed that the rate of cell apoptosis increased 24 hours after transfecting siRNA. The results of annexinV/PI staining indicated that the rate of apoptosis imcreased (1.53%, 15.3%, 64.5%, 57.5% and 21.5%) following treamtne with siRNAs (siRNA34, siRNA372, siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786). Morphological analysis showed td typical morphologic changes of apoptosis such as shrunken, fragmentation nucleus as well as "apoptotic bodies" after K562 cell exposure to siRNA. Western blot analysis showed that BCR/ABL protein was reduced sharply after a single dose of 50nmol/L siRNA transfection. Conclusions: Proliferation of K562 cells was remarkbly inhibited by siRNAs (siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786) in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro, with effective induction of apoptosis at a concentration of 50 nmol/L. One anti-leukemia mechanism in K562 cells appeared that BCR/ABL targeted protein was highly down-regulated. The siRNAs (siRNA1384, siRNA1276 and siRNA1786) may prove valuable in the treatment of CML.