• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.81-92
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 소집단 활동에서 과학영재들의 의사소통 구조를 찾아보고, 이들의 의사소통 유형과 성취 수준의 관계를 알아보기 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 과학영재들을 대상으로 5명을 한 단위로 하는 8개 소집단을 구성하고, 이들에게 지구의 밀도 구하기라는 주제로 토론식 수업을 적용하였다. Pajek과 UCINET 6.0을 활용하여 과학영재들의 대화로부터 의사소통 구조와 성취 수준을 분석하였다. 그 결과 상호작용 분산 정도에 따라 과학영재들의 의사소통 유형을 독점형과 공유형으로 분류할 수 있었다. 그리고 상호작용 밀도와 집중도에 따라 과학영재들의 의사소통 유형을 $D_H{\cdot}N_H$형, $D_H{\cdot}N_L$형, $D_L{\cdot}N_H$형, $D_L{\cdot}N_L$형으로 분류할 수 있었다. 과학영재들의 소집단 활동에서 문제 해결 성취 수준은 구성원 간 상호작용의 분산이 아니라 상호작용의 밀도와 연결망 집중도의 차에 의해 영향을 받는다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 그러므로 교사들은 소집단 활동을 활용하여 학생들을 지도할 때 문제 해결에 관련된 의사소통이 이루어지도록 지도할 필요가 있다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.229-254
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• 2021

Students' participation in epistemic practices, which are related to knowledge construction on the part of students, is becoming a crucial part of learning (Goizueta, 2019). Research on epistemic practices in science education draws attention to teachers' support of students to engage in epistemic practices in mathematics instruction. The research highlights a need for incorporating epistemic goals, along with conceptual and social goals, into instruction to promote students' epistemic practices. In this paper, I investigate how teachers interact with students to integrate epistemic goals. I examined 24 interaction excerpts that I identified from six interview transcripts of two beginning teachers' mathematics instruction. Each excerpt was related to the teachers' talk about their specific interaction(s) in a small group. I explored how each teacher's discursive moves and goals were conceptual, social, and epistemic-related as they intervened in small groups. I found that both teachers used conceptual, social, and epistemic discursive move but their discursive moves were related only to social and social goals. This paper suggests supporting teachers to develop epistemic goals in mathematics instruction, particularly in relation to small groups.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.71-94
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• 2001

The purposes of this study were to design small group collaborative learning models for developing the creativity and to analyze the effects on applying the models in mathematics teaching and loaming. The meaning of open education in mathematics learning, the relation of creativity and inquiry learning, the relation of small group collaborative learning and creativity, and the relation of assessment and creativity were reviewed. And to investigate the relation small group collaborative learning and creativity, we developed three types of small group collaborative learning model- inquiry model, situation model, tradition model, and then conducted in elementary school and middle school. As a conclusion, this study suggested; (1) Small group collaborative learning can be conducted when the teacher understands the small group collaborative learning practice in the mathematics classroom and have desirable belief about mathematics instruction. (2) Students' mathematical anxiety can be reduced and students' involvement in mathematics learning can be facilitated, when mathematical tasks are provided through inquiry model and situation model. (3) Students' mathematical creativity can be enhanced when the teacher make classroom culture that students' thinking is valued and teacher's authority is reduced. (4) To develop students' mathematical creativity, the interaction between students in small group should be encouraged, and assessment of creativity development should be conduced systematically and continuously.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine a theoretical framework for the interactions of learning in a small group setting of mathematical problem solving. Many researchers already have described the theoretical background for the small group settings in problem solving. However, most of the literatures merely have reported findings of achievement and rising of test scores. They ignored the observation of process taken during the small group work and have not determined how various psychological, social and academic effects are created. As results of the study, two types, mutual collaboration and asymmetric collaboration, of interactions are observed as the interactions of learning, which are conceived as the cores of authentic mathematical activities.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.181-192
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• 2017

In this study, the effects of the small group collaborative learning on students' achievement, the retention of the achievement, communication anxiety, and science learning motivation were investigated. The aptitude-treatment interaction between the level of students' self-directed learning ability and the intervention was also examined. Two classes (38 students) from an elementary school were respectively assigned to a control group and a treatment group. A self-directed learning ability test, a communication anxiety test, and a science learning motivation test were administered as pretests. The intervention lasted for 8 class periods. After instruction, an achievement test, the communication anxiety test, and the science learning motivation test were administered. An achievement retention test were also administered after four weeks. The results indicated that there were significant treatmentaptitude interaction effects in the achievement test scores and the achievement retention test scores. In the communication anxiety and the science learning motivation, however, any significant difference was not found between the scores of the treatment group and the control group. Educational implications are discussed.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.519-528
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of social interaction on metacognition, learning motive and academic achievement in elementary science learning. The science lessons emphasizing social interactions that is applied to this study was comprised of 5 stages, 'introduction', 'inquiry activity', 'small group emergent activity', 'large group emergent activity', 'conclusion and assessment'. The results of this study were as follows: First, applying the learning model emphasizing social interaction to the experimental group led to a significant difference between the result of the pre- and post-test, regarding metacognition, especifically those of declarative knowledge. And meaningful difference was drawn from the results of all elements in the lower category of regulation of cognition between the experimental and comparison group. Second, a significant difference was found between the pre- and post-test regarding learning motive, especially those of attention, relation, and self-confidence. Third, after applying the learning model emphasizing social interaction to the science classes of the experimental group, students' academic achievement improved significantly in the post-test, compared to the results of pre-test.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.329-352
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of small group cooperative communicative activities on the strategies for estimating measurement. To do this, two research questions were set as follow: First, are there any differences between strategies employed by students in the experimental group and the control group before and after the estimating measurement activities? Second, are there any differences between strategies employed by students in different ability levels(upper, middle, lower) of pre-estimating measurement test in the experimental group? The research results were drawn from the investigation as below: First, the strategical change of before and after the estimating measurement tasks in the experimental group was quite noticeable. Unlike the small strategical change in the control group, small group cooperative communicative learning resulted in a decrease of simple memorization and guessing strategies and an increase of refined strategies such as the standard strategy, clustering, unit load and so on. Second, mathematical communicative activities in a small group cooperative learning showed that the students in the upper level of pre-estimating measurement test used more refined strategies and the students in the lower level used simple memorization and guessing strategy more frequently. And through interaction in small group, students could have chances to recognize error of strategies and to modify and learn strategies. In conclusion, small group cooperative activities allowed students to have chances to communicate mathematically and it is a efficient way of helping students learn estimating measurement strategies.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.124-139
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• 2010

이 연구는 모둠의 상호작용을 강조한 과학실험수업에서 포용적 리더가 모둠의 상호작용에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것이다. 이를 위해 포용적 리더의 존재 여부에 따른 모둠의 언어적 상호작용 형태를 비교하였고, 포용적 리더가 모둠의 상호작용 전개에 미치는 영향을 심층적으로 분석하였다. 중학교 1학년 한 학급에서 16명으로 네 모둠을 구성한 후, 상태변화와 열에너지 단원에서 7차시 동안 모둠의 상호작용을 강조한 과학 탐구수업을 실시하였다. 포용적 리더가 있는 두 모둠과 보통의 리더가 있는 두 모둠, 총 네 모둠의 상호작용을 녹음/녹화하며 관찰하였고, 녹음/녹화 자료는 전사되었다. 언어적 상호작용 형태를 분석한 결과, 포용적 리더가 있는 모둠에서 상호작용 횟수가 많았으며 논의를 정교화시키는 상위수준의 상호작용과 정의적인 면에서 긍정적인 상호작용이 더 많이 일어났다. 모둠의 상호작용 과정을 분석한 결과, 포용적 리더들은 상호작용을 개시, 확장시키며 모둠의 상호작용을 오랫동안 유지시켰고, 역할 분배와 모둠의 위기 상황에서 모둠원들의 감정적인 부분을 고려하여 행동하는 것을 알수 있었다. 또 모둠원의 참여를 유도하기 위해 동료를 압박하기도 했지만 보통의 리더가 행한 감정적 압박과 달리 모둠의 상호작용을 감소시키지 않았다. 이로써 포용적 리더는 상호작용과 활동을 통해 학습하기를 좋아하고 모둠원의 감정을 고려하고 존중하는 특성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 포용적 리더의 특성이 수업 초기의 긍정적인 분위기를 계속 유지하게 하였고 상위수준의 상호작용이 많이 일어나게 하여 모둠이 즐겁고 의미 있는 학습을 경험할 수 있도록 영향을 주었다. 이 연구는 과학실험수업에서 포용적 리더에 대한 이해를 높이고, 상호작용을 촉진할 수 있는 모둠 구성에 대하여 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.757-767
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• 2002

사회적 상호작용을 강조한 과학탐구실험이 학생들의 학업성취와 과학탐구능력 및 학습동기에 미치는 효과에 대해 연구하였으며, 탐구실험 수업이 소집단의 구성방식에 따라 어떠한 차이를 나타내는지 알아보기 위해 인지수준이 동질인 집단과 이질인 집단의 효과를 비교하였다. 이를 위해 중학교 2학년 255명을 통제집단과 실험집단으로 나누어, 실험집단에는 사회적 상호작용을 강조한 과학탐구실험 수업을, 통제집단에는 전통적인 실험 수업을 1년간 적용한 후 과학 학업성취도, 과학탐구능력, 학습동기 검사를 실시하였다. 사회적 상호작용을 강조한 탐구실험은 이끌어내기, 친숙해지기, 구성하기, 확장하기의 4단계로 구성되어 있으며, 관찰 현상을 학습과 연관시키고 실험을 설계하며 결론을 이끌어내는 과정을 통해 동료 및 교사와 상호작용을 할 수 있도록 구성되어 있다. 연구 결과 사회적 상호작용을 강조한 과학탐구실험은 학생들의 학업성취와 과학탐구능력 및 학습동기에서 유의미한 효과가 있었다. 모든 인지수준의 학생들에게 효과가 나타난 것은 아니었으나 대부분의 인지 수준에서 학업성취의 효과가 크게 나타났으며, 학업성취에 비해 과학탐구능력의 향상정도가 낮았다. 소집단 구성에 따른 효과에서는 동질집단이 이질집단에 비해 성취도와 학습동기에서 유의미한 향상이 있었다. 이러한 결과는 과학탐구실험에서 상호작용이 중요하며, 상호작용이 학생들의 성취도와 탐구능력 향상에 긍정적 영향이 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.217-230
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to help elementary teachers to design systems for small group study to improve the efficiency of both teaching and learning in science education. This was done by examining how teachers form and manage a small group study, and by observing students' perceptions regarding small group study. For this study, an in-depth interview was conducted with 8 elementary teachers and 8 sixth grade elementary students chosen according to their levels of class participation and scientific achievement. The results showed that although elementary teachers preferred a group of 4 students, 6 students were randomly picked to form a group due to the physical aspects of the educational environment in most of the cases examined. It was also found that when the small group was composed of students with different personalities rather than according to their level of achievement, this better encouraged research activities and fostered scientific attitudes as compared to educating solely for the transference of scientific knowledge. On the elementary students' part, a change of perception on their new role and skills of interaction was also required. Elementary students preferred to compose small groups so that they resembled a group of close friends, and from their perspective, small group study was useful, interesting, time efficient, and helpful to each other in studying science.