• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.290-298
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of grape skin on the physicochemical properties and sensory score of ground pork meat. Methods: Four types of ground pork were evaluated: T0 without grape skin, T1 with 0.3% grape skin, T2 with 0.7% grape skin, and T3 with 1.0% grape skin. Results: There was no significant group wise difference in VBN content, L-value, b-value, chemical composition of raw and cooked meat, cooking yield, water holding capacity, moisture retention, fat retention, hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, chewiness, taste, texture, juiciness, or palatability. Total polyphenol content was highest in T3, and DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest in T2 and T3 (p<0.001). The pH was highest in T0, and was lowest in T3 (p<0.001). The a-value of T2 and T3 were significantly higher than that of T0 (p<0.05). Flavor was highest in T2 among samples (p<0.01). Conclusion: The study results suggest that grape skin may be a useful ingredient in ground pork meat in terms of antioxidant potential, color and flavor.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.353-359
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of $7-MEGA^{TM}$ 500 on the improvement of skin aging in an UVB-induced photo-aging model of hairless mice. The dorsal skin of hairless mice was exposed to UVB three times a week for 12 weeks to induce skin wrinkle. After inducing the wrinkle, $7-MEGA^{TM}$ 500 was orally administered once a day for 4 weeks. Skin thickness, skin barrier function, and wrinkle indicators were improved by treatment with $7-MEGA^{TM}$ 500. Both gene and protein expression levels of MMP-3 and c-Jun in skin were significantly decreased by $7-MEGA^{TM}$ 500. Therefore, the intake of $7-MEGA^{TM}$ 500 is thought to have a positive effect on the improvement of skin aging, although further studies are needed.

• Korea Journal of Cosmetic Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-29
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• 2019

In this work, we fabricated liquid crystal (LC) emulsions with fatty alcohol in order to stabilize high content ceramide in cosmetic formulation. We investigated the role of fatty alcohol and surfactant in the formation of higher order structure. As a result, we found that they play a crucial role to form higher order structure. SAXS study shows that ceramide can be incorporated up to 3% in cosmetic formulation with higher order structure and its stability was maintained up to 12 weeks at room temperature. According to WAXS study, the higher order structure can suppress the re-crystallization of ceramide in cosmetic formulation. Finally, we performed in vivo skin barrier recovery test for the damaged skin. LC emulsions with ceramide and O/W emulsions show significant effect in skin barrier recovery at D 1, D 2 and D 6 compared to the untreated condition. While only LC emulsions show significant skin recovery effect at D 14. We expect that LC emulsions are the promising skin carrier to stabilize ceramide and LC emulsions with ceramide can improve the skin barrier function.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-5
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• 2009

Objectives : HRHDT has been known as a useful prescription with antibiotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative and immunosuppressive activity. To evaluate anti-inflammatory effect of HRHDT, we treated HRHDT-skin in Balb/c mice model induced contact hypersensitivity. Methods : Contact hypersensitivity, a local inflammatory respinse of skin, was induced by spreading the back skin of Balb/c mice with 1% DNCB. HRHDT-skin was prepared by dissolving 3% 1,3-butylene glycol extract of HRHDT in solution and treated 2 weeks on the back skin. Results: HRHDT-skin significantly reduced TEWL and erythema by 0.4-1% of DNCB treatment compared with control group. HRHDT-skin reduced IgE on serum obtained from blood of DNCB-treated Balb/c mice. Histopathological examination showed that thickening of the epidermis, hyperkeratosis and the infiltration of inflammatory cells were found in Balb/c mice under conventional circumstances. Conclusions : These results showed that HRHDT-skin could be used as a pharmaceutical material with antiinflammatory effects by reducing IgE in contact hypersensitivity dermatitis Balb/c mice by DNCB.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2002

Purpose : In radiotherapy, various materials are used to located in treatment field unintentionally. It increases the dose delivered to the skin by interactions of the X-ray within the materials and occurs unwanted skin reaction.(due to the dose build-up effect) This aim of the this study is to measure the increase in skin dose when 13 materials are located in treatment field. Methods : Photon beam measurements were made using an plane-parallel chamber (Markus, PTW-Freiburg) in a polystyrene phantom. skin dose were measured using various overlaying 13 materials. a fixed geometry of a $10{\times}10cm$ field, a SSD=100cm and photon energy 4MV on Varian CLINAC 600C accelerator were used for all measurements. Results : There is an increase in skin dose for all materials($16.4{\sim}160.1\%$). As a percentage of maximum dose, the lowest skin dose were measured for the underwear with silk($43.2\%$) and the highest were measured for the 100m1 fluid-bag($96.6\%$) Conclusion : There is a significant increase in skin dose with 13 materials in the treatment field. a significant increase in skin dose can occur which could produce unwanted skin reaction. considerations for placement of 13 materials to be outside the treatment field whenever possible should be used to keep skin dose to a minimum level.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.53-59
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• 1995

Ethinylestradiol (EE)-containing matrix was fabricated with ethylene-vinyl acetate(EVA) copolymer to control the release of the drug, Effect of addition of PEG 400 as receptor solution, the stripping of skin and Azone pretreatment on skin on the permeation of EE through the excised mouse skin was also studied. The permeation rate of EE through the excised mouse skin was affected by the PEG 400 volume fraction. The Azone pretreatment on skin didn't affect on the steady state flux, however, the lag time was shortened. The permeation rate of EE through the stripped skin was much larger than that through the whole skin. It showed that the stratum corneum acts as a barrier of skin permeation. The fact that there is little difference in EE permeation between the intact skin and the stripped skin with EVA membrane shows the permeation of EE through the mouse skin is mainly controlled by the membrane.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2002

To evaluate the skin toxicity of topical cyclohexane application (25mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$) was sequentially applied to the rat skin for four days. On the histopathological findings in the light micrographs, neutrophils and engulfed neutrophils are seen, and many cytoplasmic processes were appeared in proliferated layer whereas in the dermis area, increased numbers of fibroblast, accumulation of neutrophil and lipid droplets are demonstrated. On the other hand, applying the cyclohexane to the rat skin led to the remarkable rise of cutaneous xanthine oxidase activity and similar activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and glutathione content and declined activity of glutathione S-transferase compared with control group. Especially the remarkably decreased activity of aniline hydroxylase (AH) was appeared in skin as little as scarcely determined. Furthermore, the applying the cyclohexane to skin led to the significantly increased activity of hepatic AH and alcohol dehydrogenase. These results indicate that oxygen free radical and intermediate metabolite of cyclohexane may be responsible for structural changes in skin by cyclohexane application to rat skin.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.5-9
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• 2003

In this paper, a layout-based CMOS RF model for RFIC's including the capacitance effect, the skin effect, and the proximity effect between metal lines on the Si surface is proposed for the first time for accurately predicting the RF behavior of CMOS devices. With these RF effects, the RF equivalent circuit model based on the layout of the multi-finger gate transistor is presented. The capacitances between metal lines on the Si surface are modeled with the layout. And the skin effect is modeled to the equivalent ladder circuit of metal line. The proximity effect is modeled by adding the mutual inductance between cross-coupled inductances in the ladder circuit representation. Compared to the BSIM 3v3 and other models, the proposed RF model shows better agreements with the measured data and shows well the frequency dependent behavior of devices in GHz ranges.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2002

This study is to enhance drug penetration via skin and investigate anti-inflammation effect following adoption of ultrasound. For this goal gel containing triamcinolone was prepared and the skin penetration rate and the change effects of blood plasma ingredients and serum enzyme were investigated. Using Franz type diffusion cell and the skin of hairless mouse, the permeation enhancing effect of ultrasound was tested. After the injury by direct trauma, the blood test was performed by measuring WBC, lymphocyte, and neutrophyl, and by analyzing CPK and LDH. The ultrasound transducer whose technical specification is geometric area(GA) $1.4\;cm^2$, effective radiation area(ERA) $0.8\;cm^2$, and beam non-uniformity ratio(BNR) 6.0 max was used. The influence of frequency having an effect on skin permeation rate was higher in the case of using 1MHz and continuous treatment. The temperature of receptor phase was not influenced in skin permeation by phonophoresis. Skin permeation increase attended by intensity of ultrasound, the permeation of triamcinolone was accelerated at $2.5\;w/cm^2\;than\;1.0\;w/cm^2$. Following muscle injury phonophoretic group the number of WBC, neutrophil and lympholyte were decreased significantly as compared with both control group and ultrasound group. The result of variation of serum CPK and LDH activity conformed to the phonophoretic effect as same pattern with the variation of WBC, neutrophil and lymphocyte.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.111-117
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• 2007

Essential oils aims to rejuvenate and beautify medical skin care the body through the use of essential oils, and generally to improve our outward appearance. Much of this section fouses on the different methods by which essential oils can be used to improve the complexion or to treat specific medical care skin conditions. Beauty, however, is not just skin-deep. The condition of the medical care express the overall health of an individual. A relaxed attitude, together with a well-balanced diet, enough exercise, and a daily intake of plenty of spring water or herbal teas, all help to keep the system in top condition. Essential oils is a healing art which has powerful effects on both mind and body. The vital element in essential oils is the pure oils which are extracted from various part of different plants. The key to medical aromatherapy care lies in its dual use of essential oils and medical care massage, thus masking full use of two of our most important senses-smell and touch. Medical aromatherapy care is holistic, working mainly on the nervous system and including the head and body as part of the same treatment. Using pressure points along the spine, Medical aromatherapy care on the autonomic nervous system and has an immediate effect of relexation. In directly it also acts on mood. Many of the medical massage movements help lymphatic drainage. Essential oils have many different qualities; they can be relaxing or invigorating and are generally antisepic and antibacterial. Medical aromatherapy care can have psychological benefits. The power of essences in healing has been recognized in the treatment of insect bites. Clove, thyme, sandalwood, and lavender are a few of the essences that have antiseptic. Essential oils effect the dry skin for small visual pores, dull matte finish, rough sandy feeling, tantskin. Essential oils effect the mature/sun damaged skin for some red or couperose areas, loose saggy skin, exposure to a lot of ultraviolet light. Essential oils effect the medical care nomal skin good elasticity, healthy color(good circulation), smooth terture.