• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.125-128
• /
• 2009

The crinoid symbiotic crabs, Harrovia japonica were collected for the first time from Geomundo Island in Korea. At present, there are two species of the Eumedoninae in Korean waters.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.20 no.12
• /
• pp.1807-1811
• /
• 2010

In order to evaluate estrogenic compounds in brown algae, an in vitro test system for the verification of estrogenic activity was applied. Fractions from ethanol extracts of each brown alga were prepared by a systematic fractionation procedure with solvents such as $H_2O$, hexane, butanol and methanol. Aqueous fractions of brown algae showed the highest estrogenic activities. Estrogenic activities of $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ aqueous fractions of Undaria pinnatifida and Laminaria japonica showed almost the same strength as that of $10^{-7}\;M$ standard solution ($17{\beta}$-estradiol). Furthermore, estrogenic activities of $500\;{\mu}g/ml$ aqueous fractions of Ecklonia stolonifera and Porphyra suborbiculate represented higher activities than that of $10^{-8}\;M$ $17{\beta}$-estradiol. These observations suggest that aqueous fractions of all these brown algae are expected to possess estrogenic compounds and could be developed as estrogenic agents for postmenopausal disorder.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.299-320
• /
• 2008

We study on the astronomical calendars that was used in the Silla era. The calendars are deduced from the records in Samguksagi. They were influenced from calendaric system of Tang Dynasty, which are Lin duk calendar(麟德曆), Ta yen calendar(大衍曆) and Sun myung calendar(宣明曆). We analyse them in detail according to the time and duration of use. Water clock system of Unified Silla was used four water vessels for supplying water. We found the model from documents on ancient water clock that are appeared in the old Korean, Chinese and Japanese historical records. We have assumed the model of Unified Silla clepsydra is similar type with Chinese records during Tang dynasty and with Japanese reconstructed water clock in Temple Asoka. After fluid dynamic experiment, we decide the suitable diameter of supplying pipe and volume of the vessels used in the clepsydra. We introduce the experimental instruments and methods for accomplishing the clock. We designed and reconstructed the water clock of Unified Silla and float rods for measuring time, that is based on the Silla's calendaric system.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.36 no.2
• /
• pp.101-105
• /
• 2008

In order to obtain yeast cells producing a bacteriocin OR-7, the 180 bp polynucleotide corresponding to the OR-7 gene including codons for start and stop was chemically synthesized and cloned into pAUR123, an yeast expression vector. Transformed yeast cells exhibited growth inhibition of Bacillus subtilis, Campylobacter jeuni, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This result indicates that yeast cells producing OR-7 possess bacteriocidal properties against both Gram positive B. subtilis and Gram negative C. jejuni, E. coli and P. aeruginosa cells. The recombinant yeast strain constructed in this study can be applied in the food preservative or animal feed.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.349-355
• /
• 2009

Metabolic fingerprinting of microbial communities was investigated with Biolog GN2 plates using samples of biofilm and aeration tanks from an RABC (rotating activated Bacillus contactor) system - an advanced wastewater treatment system for the food wastewater of pig slaughterhouses. Aerobic and anaerobic results revealed the following four aspects. First, simple matching and pairs t-test of daily variation showed more defined qualitative and quantitative relatedness of active microbial communities than that of mere optical densities. Second, metabolic potentials were higher in biofilm than in aeration tanks (p<0.01), meaning higher activity of biofilm. Third, two aeration tanks showed the highest similarity (78%) and similar metabolic power (p=0.287). However, actively used carbon sources were different among samples, signifying change of active communities at each wastewater treatment step. Finally, aerobic and anaerobic metabolic fingerprinting patterns were different for the same samples representing activities of microaerophilic and/or anaerobic communities. These results suggest that daily variation and anaerobic incubation would help in the comparison of metabolic fingerprintings.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.8 s.88
• /
• pp.1147-1151
• /
• 2007

The human skin is constantly exposed to environmental irritants such as ultraviolet, smoke and chemicals. Free radicals and reactive oxygen species caused by them play critical roles in cellular damage. They not only injure the skin structure but also participate in the immensely complex inflammatory reaction. Anti-wrinkle effects of the Oriental herb extracts(OHE) were evaluated by the determination of anti-oxidation, collagenase inhibition and collagen synthesis in normal human fibroblast. OHE showed antioxidative activity as high as vitamin C, trolox and DL-penicillamine. Also OHE showed promotive effect on collagen synthesis and inhibitory effect on collagenase activity. These results demonstrated that OHE could be useful as an anti-wrinkle cosmetic ingredient.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.44 no.10
• /
• pp.1450-1457
• /
• 2015

The anti-inflammatory effect of ethanol extracts from Hizikia fusiformis fermented with and without lactic acid bacteria was compared in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. The fermentation was done using Weissella sp. SH-1 and Lactobacillus casei in a mixture of glucose and lactate source at $30^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. As a result, we confirmed that the fermentation of H. fusiformis with lactic acid bacteria inhibited LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) production and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$, and IL-$1{\beta}$ as important inflammatory factors. During a comparison analysis, we found that L. casei fermented groups significantly suppressed NO production by regulating iNOS and COX-2 expression. Also, the effective suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and LPS-induced activation of mitogen- activated protein kinase indicated that the fermentation using Weissella sp. SH-1 and L. casei may provide an increment towards the extraction of active components, which are effective anti-inflammatory agents.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.557-566
• /
• 2009

This study was to investigate gender differences in muscle activities on tibialis anterior muscle, gastrocnemius and vastus medialis obliqus and outside and prime mover, antagonist and assistance mover during golf drive swing by electromyography. Ten healthy professional golfers (KPGA(n)=5, KLPGA(n)=5) volunteered in this experiment. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Statistical differences were assess using t-test (p<.05). The conclusion of this study was as following. Muscle dislocation of differences, according to gender, was the highest in case of males in right side of gastrocnemius with the section from the address to the backswing of top and was the highest in case of females in tibialis anterior muscle. Results also show that prime mover was left side of low muscle in case of male with all the sections and situations and is right side low muscle in case of female. These results were significant differences. In case of males, it was though that primer mover was left side of tibialis anterior muscle with moving weight from backswing of top till the address section. In case of females, primer movers were right side of vastus medialis obliqus and tibialis anterior muscle with pushing action form the right knee to the left knee. Therefore, if they try to do the training be able to development right side of vastus medialis obliqus and tibialis anterior muscle in case of females and left side of vastus medialis obliqus and tibialis anterior muscle in case of males, it is consider that golfers' distance and direction will get better.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.17 no.1 s.81
• /
• pp.51-55
• /
• 2007

The fractions of Ulva lactuca were studied to verify the antioxidant activities. The fractions from the ethanol extract of U. lactuca were prepared by the systematic extraction procedure with the solvents such as hexane, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, butanol and $H_2O$. Furthermore, ethyl ether, ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of U. lactuca were purified using HPLC. The antioxidant activities of purified samples from ethyl ether, ethyl acetate, and aqueous fractions were investigated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH). L-ascorbic acid, a positive control showed the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity. In addition, purified sample from aqueous fraction also showed relatively high activity. Purified sample from ethyl acetate fraction showed moderate activity, but purified sample from ethyl ether fraction showed the lowest activity. Dose dependent patterns were observed on all three samples tested. The lipid peroxidation inhibition activities of these three purified samples were also investigated. Purified sample from ethyl ether fraction of U. lactuca showed the highest activity and as strong activity as that of $\alpha-tocopherol$, a positive control. These results suggest that U. lactuca may be a useful candidate for a natural antioxidant agent.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.38-43
• /
• 2015

In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of fermented Hizikia fusiformis extracts in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. The fermentation was performed using Lactobacillus casei in mixture of carbon source at $30^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. The sample groups were prepared with/without L. casei group in order to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of fermented H. fusiformis in regard to lactic acid bacteria. As a result, we confirmed the inhibitory effect of H. fusiformis extracts on LPS-stimulated NO production and expression of $TNF{\alpha}$, while it had no regulatory effect on the expression of iNOS, COX-2, $IL-1{\beta}$ and IL-6 as important inflammatory factors. However, L. casei fermented group significantly suppressed the expression of the above factors. In particular, the difference between the two groups in the matter of mRNA expression of iNOS, which is directly associated with NO production, indicated that the fermentation with lactic acid bacteria effectively suppressed NO production by regulating iNOS expression. Also, effective suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines showed that the fermentation using L. casei may provide an increment towards extraction of active ingredients that are effective anti-inflammatory agents.